## The Project Gutenberg eBook of Campanalogia

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Title: Campanalogia

or The art of ringing improved : with plain and easie rules to guide the practitioner in the ringing all kinds of changes, to which is added, great variety of new peals.

Author: Fabian Stedman

Release date: April 18, 2024 [eBook #73423]

Language: English

Original publication: London: W. Godbid, 1677

Credits: Richard Tonsing, Jonathan Ingram, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPANALOGIA ***

Transcriber’s Note:

New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.

# CAMPANALOGIA:
OR THE
ART
OF
RINGING
Improved.
With plain and easie Rules to guide the Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of Changes.
TO
Which is added, great variety of
NEW PEALS.

LONDON,
Printed by W. Godbid, for W.S. and are to be sold by Langley Curtis in Goat-Court on Ludgate-hill. 1677.

## TO
THE HONOURED
AND TO
His much Esteemed FRIENDS,
The Members of the Society of
COLLEDG YOUTHS.

Gentlemen,

As your Society even ab origine hath deservedly acquired an eminency in many respects above others of this kind; so more especially for the pregnancy of its Members in the composing of Peals. For when the Art of Cross-pricking lay enveloped in such obscurity, that it was thought impossible that double Changes on five bells could be made to extend farther than ten, and triple and double Changes on six farther than sixty; then it was that a worthy and knowing Member of your Society, to dissipate those mists of Ignorance, and to usher in the bright morn of Knowledg, prickt those much applauded Peals of Grandsire and Grandsire Bob; which for their excellency have for many years together continued triumphant in practice amidst all others whatsoever; and which indeed have been a great light in the production of that great variety of new Peals herein contained; the greatest part of which being also the offspring of your Society, I therefore thought fit to usher them into the world under the wings of your Protection.

Gentlemen, as a member I held my self obliged to add my Mite to your full fraught Treasury of Speculative and Practical Knowledg of this kind; though I confess your acquisition on this account will be very mean, since my want of ability sufficient to undertake a thing of this nature, and also want of opportunity by converse with others to supply my own defects, have rendred the Book less acceptable than it might have been done by some more knowing head and acuter Pen. And although I am conscious that it meriteth not your acceptance; yet I assume the confidence to believe that you will favour it with a kind entertainment amongst you; and the rather, for that I know you are too judicious to sentence it without first casting into the ballance of your indifferent judgments some Grains of Allowance: The countenance you shew it will silence Detractors, and be Armour of proof against the fools bolts which may happen to be soon shot at the Author, who is

Gentlemen,
A constant well-wisher to
the Prosperity (though an
unworthy member)
of your Society,
F.S.

## ERRATA.

Courteous Reader,

Some few faults have escaped the Press: as page 27 line the 4th, for grateful read graceful. page 31. line the 19th. for imitatieg read imitating, with some others, which you are desired either candidly to amend, or tasitly to pass over.

1

## OF THE
ART
OF
Changes.

These clear dayes of Knowledge, that have ransackt the dark corners of most Arts and Sciences, and freed their hidden mysteries from the bonds of obscurity, have also registred this of Ringing, in the Catalogue of their Improvements; as well the Speculative as the Practick part, which of late years remain’d in Embryo, are now become perfect, and worthy the knowledge 2of the most ingenious. Although the Practick part of Ringing is chiefly the subject of this Discourse, yet first I will speak something of the Art of Changes, its Invention being Mathematical, and produceth incredible effects, as hereafter will appear. But first, I will premise a word or two, to shew what the nature of those Changes are. Some certain number of things are presupposed to be changed or varied; as 2.3.4.5.6. or any greater number whatsoever; then the number of things to be so varied must have the like number of fixed places assigned them. As if five men were sitting upon five stools in a row; the stools are supposed to be fixed places for the five men, but the men by consent may move or change to each others places at pleasure, yet still sitting in a row as at first: now this Art directs how, and in what order those five men may change places with each other, whereby they may sit sixscore times in a row, and not twice alike. And likewise a Peal of five Bells, being raised up to a fit compass for ringing of Changes, are there supposed to have five fixed places, which time assigns to their notes or strokes; yet the notes of the Bells may change into each others places at pleasure: now this Art also directs the manner and method of changing 3the five notes in such sort, that they may strike sixscore times round, and not twice alike.

The numbers of Changes are thus to be discovered. Two must first be admitted to be varied two wayes; then to find out the Changes in three, the Changes on two must be multiplied by three, and the product will be six, which are the compleat number of Changes on three.

Those six Changes being multiplied by four, will produce 24, which are the compleat number of Changes on four. The 24 Changes on four, being multiplied by five, will produce 120, which are the compleat number of Changes on five. And in like manner the 120, being multiplied by six, will produce 720, which are the compleat number on six. The 720, being multiplied, by seven, will produce 5040, which are the number of Changes on seven. The 5040, being multiplied by eight, will produce 40320, which are the number of Changes on eight. Those Changes on eight, being multiplied by nine, will produce 362880, which are the number of Changes on nine. Those Changes on nine, being multiplied by ten, will produce 3628800, which are the number on ten. Those on ten, being multiplied 4by eleven, will produce 39916800, which are the number on eleven. Those also being multiplied by twelve, will produce 479001600, which are the compleat number of Changes on twelve. And if twelve men should attempt to ring all those Changes on twelve Bells, they could not effect it in less than seventy five years, twelve Lunar Months, one week, and three days, notwithstanding they ring without intermission, and after the proportion of 720 Changes every hour. Or if one man should attempt to prick them down upon Paper, he could not effect it in less than the aforesaid space. And 1440 being prickt in a sheet, they would take up six hundred sixty five Reams of Paper, and upwards, reckoning five hundred Sheets to a Ream; which Paper at five shillings the Ream, would cost one hundred sixty six Pounds five Shillings,

The reason of the aforesaid Multiplication, by which the numbers of Changes are discovered, and also that those Products are the true numbers of Changes, will plainly and manifestly appear in these following Demonstrations.

But first, two must be admitted to be varied two ways, thus.——

12 |
21 |

And then consequently, three will 5make three times as many Changes as two; for there are three times two figures to be produced out of three, and not twice two the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the three figures one after another. First, cast away 3, and 1.2 will, remain; cast away 2, and 1.3 will remain; cast away 1, and 2.3 will remain. So that here are three times two figures produced out of the three, and not twice two the same figures, as 12. 13. 23. each two may be varied two ways, as before: then to the changes which each two makes add the third figure which is wanting; as to the two changes made by 1.2 add the 3, to the changes on 1.3 add the 2, and to the changes on 2.3 add the 1, and the three figures will stand six times together, and not twice alike, as here appeareth.

| 123
| 213
| 132
| 312
| 231
| 321

Four will make four times as many changes as three. For there are four times three figures to be had out of four, and not twice three the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the four figures by turns. First cast away 4, and 123 will remain; cast away 3, and 124 will remain; cast away 2, and 134 will remain; and lastly, casting away 1, and 234 will remain; so that here is 123, 124, 134, 234, and not twice three the same figures. Now each three may be varied six ways, according to the preceding Example. Then to the six changes which each three makes, add the fourth figure which is wanting; as to the six changes on 123 add the 4, to the six changes on 124 add the 3, to the six changes on 134 add the 2, and to the six changes on 234 add the 1, which renders the changes compleat; for then the four figures stand twenty four times together, and not twice alike, as here appears.

6
| 1234
| 2134
| 1324
| 3124
| 2314
| 3214
| 1243
| 2143
| 1423
| 4123
| 2413
| 4213
| 1342
| 3142
| 1432
| 4132
| 3412
| 4312
| 2341
| 3241
| 2431
| 4231
| 3421
| 4321

Five will make five times as many changes as four; for there are five times four figures to be had out of five, and not twice four the same figures, which are to be produced as before, by casting away each of the five figures by turns. Cast away 5, and 1234 will remain; cast away way 4, and 1235 will remain; cast away 3, and 1245 will remain; cast away 2, and 1345 will remain; cast away 1, and 2345 will remain. So that here are five times four figures produced, and not twice four the same figures. Now each four may be varied 7twenty four ways, as in the preceding example; then to the twenty four changes which each four makes, add the fifth figure which is wanting: as to the twenty four changes on 1234, add the 5; to the twenty four changes on 1235, add the 4. to the changes on 1245, add 3. to the changes on 1345, add 2. and to the changes on 2345, add 1. which renders the changes compleat, for then the five figures stand sixscore times together, and not twice alike.

12345 | 12354 | 12453 | 13452 | 23451
21345 | 21354 | 21453 | 31452 | 32451
13245 | 13254 | 14253 | 14352 | 24351
31245 | 31254 | 41253 | 41352 | 42351
23145 | 23154 | 24153 | 34152 | 34251
32145 | 32154 | 42153 | 43152 | 43251
12435 | 12534 | 12543 | 13542 | 23541
21435 | 21534 | 21543 | 31542 | 32541
14235 | 15234 | 15243 | 15342 | 25341
41235 | 51234 | 51243 | 51342 | 52341
24135 | 25134 | 25143 | 35142 | 35241
42135 | 52134 | 52143 | 53142 | 53241
13425 | 13524 | 14523 | 14532 | 24531
31425 | 31524 | 41523 | 41532 | 42531
14325 | 15324 | 15423 | 15432 | 25431
41325 | 51324 | 51423 | 51432 | 52431
34125 | 35124 | 45123 | 45132 | 45231
43125 | 53124 | 54123 | 54132 | 54231
23415 | 23514 | 24513 | 34512 | 34521
32415 | 32514 | 42513 | 43512 | 43521
24315 | 25314 | 25413 | 35412 | 35421
42315 | 52314 | 52413 | 53412 | 53421
34215 | 35214 | 45213 | 45312 | 45321
43215 | 53214 | 54213 | 54312 | 54321

8And in this manner the compleat numbers of changes on six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, &c. may also be demonstrated.

The numbers of changes will also plainly appear by the methods, whereby they are commonly prickt and rung. Now the nature of these methods is such, that the changes on one number comprehends the changes on all lesser numbers, and that so regularly, that the compleat number of changes on each lesser number are made in a most exact method within the greater; insomuch that a compleat Peal of changes on one number seemeth to be formed by uniting of the compleat Peals on all lesser numbers into one entire body; which will manifestly appear in the 479001600 changes on twelve: for that Peal comprehends the 39916800 changes on eleven; these likewise comprehend the 3628800 changes on ten, these changes on ten comprehend the 362880 on nine, these on nine comprehend the 40320 on eight, these on eight comprehend the 5040 on seven, these likewise the 720 on six, the 720 also comprehend the 120 on five, the 120 comprehend the 24 changes on four, these also comprehend the six changes on three, and the six comprehend the two changes on two. Each of these 9Peals (viz.) on eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, and two, being made in a most exact method within the changes on twelve. For Example, two are first admitted to be varied two ways, thus——

| 12
| 21

Now the figure 3 being hunted through each of those two changes, will produce the six changes on three. The term Hunt, is given to a Bell to express its motion in Ringing, which in figures is after this manner. It must lie behind, betwixt, and before the two figures: first behind them thus, 1 2 3; then betwixt them, thus, 1 3 2; now before them, thus, 3 1 2: this is called a hunting motion, and here it has hunted through the first change of the two, wherein it made three variations, as appears in the figures, standing thus in order.——

| 123
| 132
| 312

Now it must hunt through the other change, which is 2 1, in the same manner as before; that is, first it must lie before, then betwixt the two figures, then behind them, thus, 321, 231, 213. Here it has hunted through again, wherein it made three more variations; which three being set directly under the former, the six variations will then plainly appear, as in these figures: where the three figures stand six times together, and not twice alike.

| 123
| 132
| 312
| 321
| 231
| 213

10Now the figure 4 being in like manner hunted through each of those six changes, will produce the 24 changes on four. First, therefore it must hunt through the first, which is 123, letter (a), then through the second change of the six, which is 132, letter (b); then through the third, which is 312, letter (c), and so it being hunted through the rest of the changes likewise, will produce the twenty four changes on four.

(a) | 1234
1243
1423
4123
(b) | 4132
1432
1342
1324
(c) | 3124
3142
3412
4312

The figure 5 being hunted through each of those twenty four changes, will produce the 120 changes on five, First therefore it must hunt through the first, which is 1234, letter (a); then through the second, which is 1243, letter (b); then also through the third, which is 1423, letter (c). In which manner it being hunted through the rest of the twenty four changes, will produce the 120 on five. And then the figure 6 being hunted through each of those sixscore 11changes will produce the 720 changes on six. And the figure 7 being hunted through each of those 720 changes, will produce the 5040. In which manner also the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, being successively hunted through each Peal in the aforesaid order, will at length produce the compleat number of changes on twelve. Wherein ’tis observable, that all the figures, except two, have a hunting motion; which two may properly be term’d the Center, about which the rest do circulate. By these methods it is evident, that every hunting figure hath a certain number of figures assigned, through which tis constantly to hunt: as in the aforesaid Example on twelve, where the 1.2 are assigned for the figure 3 to hunt through, as appears in the six changes before. And in like manner, 123 are assigned for the figure 4 to hunt through; 1234 are assigned for the figure 5 to hunt through; 12345 for 6 to hunt through, &c. Now the figure 3 hunts as many times through the 1.2. as those two make changes, that is, two times wherein it makes twice three changes, that is, six, as before appeareth. The figure 4 hunts as many times through the 123, as those three figures make changes, that is, six times; wherein it makes six times four changes, 12which amounts to twenty four. The figure 5 hunteth as many times through the 1234, as those four figures make changes, that is, twenty four times; wherein it makes twenty four times five changes, which amounts to 120. The figure 6 hunts as many times through the 12345, as those five make changes, that is 120 times, wherein it maketh 120 times six changes, which amounts to 720. And in like manner the figure 7 hunts 720 times through 123456, wherein it maketh 720 times seven changes, which amounts to 5040. The eighth hunteth 5040 times through 1234567, wherein it makes 40320 changes. The 9th hunteth 40320 times through 12345678, wherein it makes 362880 changes. The tenth hunteth 362880 times through 123456789, wherein it makes 3628800. The eleventh hunteth 3628800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. wherein it makes 39916800. And lastly, the twelfth hunteth 39916800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. wherein it makes 39916800 times twelve changes, which amounts to 479001600, being the compleat number on twelve. By which ’tis evident, that every hunting figure hunts as many times through its assigned number of figures, as those figures are capable of making changes, which in 13short comprehends the summe and substance of this method, which is universal from two, to all greater numbers whatsoever.

(a) | 12345
12354
12534
15234
51234
(b) | 51243
15243
12543
12453
12435
(c) | 14235
14253
14523
15423
51423

If we consider the multitude of different words, wherewith we express our selves in Speech, it may be thought almost impossible that such numbers should arise out of twenty four Letters; yet this Art of variation will produce much more incredible effects. To give an instance thereof, I will shew the numbers of every quantity of Letters from two to twelve, that may be produced out of the Alphabet. The generality of Words consisting of these quantities, (viz.) two letters, three letters, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve letters. There are 10626 times four letters to be produced out of the twenty four letters of the Alphabet, and not twice four all the same Letters. There are likewise 42504 times five letters, 134596 times six letters, 346104 times seven, 735471 times eight, 1307504 times nine, 1961256 times ten, 2496144 times eleven, and 2704156 times twelve. Now each quantity being varied by the rules of this Art, will produce incredible numbers. First the 10626 times four letters, being multiplied by 24, which are the number of ways to vary each four letters, will produce 14255024 that is to say, four letters may be produced out of the Alphabet to stand together after this manner (a b c d) two hundred fifty five thousand and twenty four times, and not twice alike. And in like manner, the 42504 times five Letters, being multiplied by 120, which are the number of ways to vary each five, will produce 5100480. The 134596 times six letters, being also multiplied by 720, will produce 96909120. The 346104, being multiplied by 5040, will produce 1744364160. The 735471, being multiplied by 40320, will produce 29654190720. The 1307504, being multiplied by 362880, will produce 474467051520. The 1961256, being multiplied by 3628800, will produce 7117005772800. The 2496144, being multiplied by 39916800, will produce 99638080819200. And lastly, the 2704156 time twelve letters, being multiplied by 479001600, will produce 1295295050649600, which products being all added together, as also 12696 which are the numbers consisting of two and three letters, the whole will amount to 1402556105125320, wherein there are not two alike, nor two letters of one sort in any one of them; which being written or printed on large Paper in folio, allowing 155000 to a sheet, they would take up 561022442 Reams of Paper and upwards, reckoning 500 sheets to a Ream: which Paper all the Houses in the City and Liberties of London would not contain; and in quantity doubtless infinitely exceeds all the Books that ever were printed in the world, reckoning only one of each Impression. And at the rate of five shillings the Ream, the Paper would cost 140255610.5 Pounds sterling; which is above four times as much as the yearly Rent of all the Lands and Houses in England amounts to. And all the people both young and old in the City and Suburbs of London (admitting they are five hundred thousand) could not speak the like numbers of words under forty years and upwards, each of them speaking 15000 every hour, and twelve hours every day. These prodigious numbers are the more to be admired, considering that the greatest number of letters in any of them, exceeds not twelve, neither are two letters of one sort in any one of them: but by producing and varying all the greater quantities, and placing two or more letters of one sort, or two of one sort and two of another, with all variety of the like nature that commonly happens in words, the numbers arising thereby would infinitely 16exceed the former; And if all the numbers of every quantity of letters from one to twenty four, together with all the variety as aforesaid, were methodically drawn out and varied according to the rules of this Art; which might easily be performed in respect of the plain and practical method of doing it; but the infinite numbers of them would not permit a Million of men to effect it in some thousands of years: it would be evident, that there is no word or syllable in any language or speech in the world, which can be exprest with the character of our Alphabet, but might be found literatim and entire therein; and more by many thousands of Millions than can be pronounced, or that ever were yet made use of in any language.

I will here give one instance of another kind, shewing the admirable effects of this Art, and so conclude. A man having twenty Horses, contracts with a Brick-maker to give him one hundred pound Sterling; conditionally that the Brick-maker will deliver him as many Loads of Bricks, as there are several Teams of six Horses to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty to fetch them, and not one Team or Sett of six Horses to fetch two Loads. The Brick-maker might be thought to have made a very advantageous 17bargain, but the contrary will appear. For there are thirty eight thousand seven hundred and sixty several Teams of six Horses, to be produced out of twenty, and not twice six the same Horses; then the Brick-maker must deliver as many Loads as there are Teams, and each Load consisting of five hundred Bricks, the whole would amount to 19380000, which being bought for one hundred pounds as aforesaid, would not cost above five Farthings a thousand; and at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand, they amount to twelve thousand nine hundred and twenty pounds Sterling. But should a contract be made with the Brick-maker to deliver as many Loads of Bricks, as there are Teams of six Horses in each, to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty, which shall stand in the Cart in a differing manner; that is to say, although there may be the same Horses in several Teams, yet their places shall be so changed, that they shall not stand twice alike in any two Teams. On this account the Brick-maker must deliver seven hundred and twenty times as many as before; for there are 38760 several Teams as before I have shewed: then each Team may be placed 720 ways in the Cart, and not twice alike, which is to be done according 18to the methods whereby the 720 changes on six Bells are rung. So that 38760, which are the number of Teams, multiplied by 720, which are the number of ways to vary the six Horses in each Team, the product will be 27907200, which are the compleat number of Teams; and every Team carrying one Load, consisting of five hundred Bricks, the Whole will amount to 13953600000 Bricks. And after the proportion of a hundred and fifty thousand of Bricks to a House, they would build ninety three thousand and twenty four Houses; which are above six times as many as the late dreadful fire in London consumed. And at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand, they are worth 6976800 pounds Sterling, which is at least four hundred Waggon-loads of money, as much as five Horses can ordinarily draw.

19

## AN
INTRODUCTION
To the Practice of
RINGING

As the original design of casting Peals of Bells was in order to make pleasant Musick thereon; so the Notes in every Peal are formed apt for that end and purpose, every Peal of Bells being tun’d according to the principles of Musick; for in a Peal of six Bells are the six plain Song-Notes, whereupon all Musick consists, namely, la sol fa mi re ut. But in regard that in ringing of them the Notes cannot be had at command, as the Notes of other Instruments may; therefore, as the Practitioners in ancient time found some necessity to cause all the Notes to strike successively after one another, so likewise they thought fit in ringing them to place the Notes in this following order. The least note to lead or strike first, then the Note which is the next degree 20deeper or flatter, and so the rest of the notes to strike after each other according to their degrees, the flattest striking last; in which order the notes were successively reiterated both at fore-stroke and back-stroke, from the beginning to the end of each Peal. And at this day the same order is also observed in raising, ceasing, and ringing them at a low compass; wherein each note being confin’d to strike in a certain place, therefore had they their terms of First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, &c. given them, to denote their order and places of striking; from whence also the Bells derive those terms of distinction by which they are now known. Although the ringing of a Peal of Bells in the aforesaid order, (which is commonly term’d Round-ringing) is in it self Musical; yet the Notes may be so placed in ringing, that their Musick may be rendred much more pleasant: for in Musick there are Concords, which indeed may be term’d the very life and soul of it, that renders all Musick exceeding pleasant: the principal are Thirds, Fifths, and Eights; Thirds are 1 3. 2 4. and such like: Fifths are 1 5. 2 6. &c. Eights are 1 8. 2 9. 3 10. &c. each Concord consisting of two notes. They may well be termed Concords, in respect of their agreement 21and harmony; for the two notes (as if it were by mutual consent) being struck together at one instant, or else immediately after one another, affords delightful melody to the ear; in which respect, a peal of five Bells are capable of making better Musick than a peal of four; six better than five; and more especially will ten or twelve make more excellent Musick than any lesser numbers can possibly do, there being greater variety of Concords therein, and especially of Eights. For this Musical end were changes on Bells first practised, changes being nothing else but a moving and placing of the Notes in ringing, whereby variety of pleasant Musick is made; and as the manner of moving the notes, is, for two notes to change places with each other, therefore are they called Changes. The methods of changes being somewhat intricate, I have therefore penn’d the following Treatise as a Clue to guide the Practitioner through the Labirinth of them, wherein I have made use of figures to represent the notes of Bells, the manner thus. In a peal of five Bells there are five several notes, which with figures are thus exprest, 1 2 3 4 5: the figure 1 represents the least or sharpest note, which is term’d the First, because its place in round ringing is to lead; this note is most 22commonly called the Treble. The figure 2 represents the note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and is term’d the Second, because it strikes in the second place. And in like manner 3 represents the note of the third Bell, 4 the note of the fourth Bell, and 5 the note of the Fifth or Tennor. In which manner, the figures in all the following methods do likewise represent the notes of Bells.

Since the ringing of changes requires the peal of Bells, on which the changes are to be rung, to be first raised up to a set Pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of them; therefore the Learners first practice must be to raise a Bell true in peal, to ring it at a low compass, and also to cease it true in peal, wherein consists the chief grounds of this Art, which depends on the Ear, and therefore much judgment is required therein. And to speak the truth, most practitioners are in these days somewhat deficient herein; the ringing of changes having generally diverted the Learners fancy from the practice of raising, round-ringing, and ceasing, by which means we have in a manner lost one Excellency in the pursuit of another. Therefore I could wish that the Practitioners of this Art would set a greater esteem on true 23Ringing in general, since the only excellency as well in the ringing of Changes as Rounds, depends thereon: the keeping of time being as essential to render all kinds of ringing pleasant to the ear, as ’tis to render any other kind of Musick; therefore the practitioner ought to have a Musical eare, and to have some judgment in beating time, without which he can never ring his Bell true in its place. A prospect of true ringing at any certain compass under the Sett, may thus be taken; for Instance, in ringing a peal of 5 Bells; from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there ought to be eleven punctums or Beats of time, which are all supposed to stand at Æquidistances: now in ten of these punctums, the five notes ought exactly to strike at the fore-stroke and back-stroke, and the eleventh stands as a Cypher to guide the Treble-note at fore-stroke to a double proportion of time from the Tennor-note at back-stroke: which blank punctum must also be beaten in the same place by every note, to render its fore-stroke answerable to that of the Treble. For example; the third note having struck at fore-stroke, it must beat eleven punctums of equidistance unto its striking there again. The first punctum is that of the 4th note, the second 5, the 24third 1, the fourth 2, the fifth 3, the sixth 4, the seventh 5, the eighth 0, the ninth 1, the tenth 2, the eleventh its own place of striking again at fore-stroke. These punctums or Beats of time, must be proportioned either wider or closer, according to the compass of the Treble: therefore first the Treble must fix its compass certain and true at fore-stroke, which ought to be proportionate to what the number of the notes, and compass of the peal of Bells, may according to judgment permit; and then from one fore-stroke of it to the next, if there are five notes; there ought to be eleven punctums of equidistance assigned, wherein the notes should exactly strike (except the blank) as before. From hence ’tis, that the most judicious Ringer ought to be put to the Treble; for that bell cannot possibly be rung true by any other means than by beating of its own time; and although the exactness of true ringing requires the like in every note, when once the compass is fixed, yet the leading note being rung true, may be a guide to the rest of the notes, which may tolerably take their measures of time from the Treble-note: but for every note to take its measure of time solely from the next preceding note, must needs be very erronious; for thereby 25they implicitely lead one another out of the way. Or else in the ringing of five bells, from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there may be one and twenty punctums or beats of time assigned, to stand at equidistances; and the five notes, as they follow one another, at the fore-stroke and back-stroke to strike in every second punctum, except the Treble-note at fore-stroke, which must strike in the third punctum from the Tenor at back-stroke; so that then there will be two of those spaces betwixt every note, and three betwixt the note of the Tenor at back-stroke and the note of the Treble at fore-stroke, which possibly by some may be held a better compass than the former: but quot homines tot sententiæ. Every Practitioner, that has judgment to beat his own time, has the advantage of ringing his bell true, whilst the rest of the notes commit faults; for the compass being once fixed, as many bells as do either rise or fall from thence commit errors.

The truest way of raising a peal of bells according to the best of modern practice, is, as quick as may be; every Ringer taking assistance to raise his bell, according as the going of it requires. In raising of them, the lesser bells as the Treble &c. ought at the first 26pull to be swayed very deep, and held down in the sway by strength of armes as much as may be, to delay the time of their first striking, by which means the bigger bells, which carry a large compass, may have space to come in; and the raising of the smaller bells to be continued with a strong pull, giving them scope over head (for the aforesaid reason) untill they come up Frame-high, or thereabouts, and then the pull to be slacken’d, and the bells leisurely to be raised to the intended height or pitch. The bigger bells of the peal, as the Tenor &c. must in their first raising be checkt or pinch’d over head, by which means the notes of all the bells may be made to strike round in their due place and order from the beginning; and observe, that at the first pull all the bells must follow one another as close as may be. A peal of bells may thus be ceased: the falling of the bells from a Sett-pull must gradually be done, by checking them only at Sally, until the low compass renders the Sally useless; and when they are ceased so low, that they scarce strike at back-stroke for want of compass: then he that rings the Treble, may give notice (by stamping on the ground) that the next time the bells come to strike at the fore-stroke, they may be checkt down so low as to cease 27their striking at the back-stroke, yet their striking round at the fore-stroke may be continued, until they are brought into a chime, which is a graceful conclusion of a peal.

In raising of a peal of bells, all the notes ought to strike round at one pull: but mistake me not, I do not mean at the first pull; for at small bells ’tis usual to sway them all round at the first pull without striking; at the second pull to strike them at the fore-stroke, and at the third pull at back-stroke. In raising of a peal of more weighty bells, ’tis usual to strike them double at the fourth pull, because the extraordinary weight and large compass of the hind-bells permits it not to be done sooner. In the first raising of a peal of bells, one bell ought not to strike before the rest, or to miss striking when the rest go round: neither ought any bell in ceasing to strike after the rest, or to leave striking before the rest; all which, according to the strictness of true ringing, are accounted great faults.

The peal of bells on which the changes are to be rung, must first be raised up to a Sett-pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of changes; for then the notes of the bells may be had at command. Therefore before the young Practitioner can be capable of ringing changes, he must be extraordinary 28well skill’d in the managing of a bell at a Sett-pull, which is absolutely requisite, for this reason: In the ringing of changes, his mind will be so busied and wholly taken up with the consideration of the course and method of them, and his eye continually wandring about to direct his pull in the following of the other bells; that unless he has extraordinary skill in the managing of his own bell, and can set it in a manner hood-winkt, he will be apt either to drop or overturn it; or else on the other hand, for want of skill, his eye and mind will be so fixed on his own rope and bell to guide the managing of it, that he cannot at the same time mind the course of the changes, and then no wonder if he is in a wood, which consequently follows; and indeed hence partly ’tis, that the Learners in their first practice do oftentimes toil and moil themselves to so little purpose. Therefore ’tis not enough that the young Practitioner can set a bell it may be half a score times together, when ’tis an even wager that he either drops or overturns it in those ten-pulls: but he must be so perfectly skill’d, as that he might adventure to lay ten to one, that he can set it thirty or forty times together, both fore-stroke and back-stroke, without dropping or overturning it, and without 29looking directly either on his hands or rope whilst he sets it. Therefore in his practice of setting a bell, he may cast his eye about on the other bell-ropes whilst he manageth his bell, whereby he may accustom himself to manage it as the ringing of changes requires.

The ringing of changes is performed, partly by the ear, and partly by the eye; the ear informs when to make a change, the eye directs the pull in the making of it, but then again the ear guides the striking of the note true in its place according to time. So that the ear and eye have each of them its proper object in the ringing of changes, and therefore ought at the same time to be absolutely free from all others whatsoever, the notes of the bells being the object of the ear, and the bell-ropes the object of the eye. Now these two Senses in the time of ringing do each of them thus perform its office. First, the ear, as a Sentinel, discovers the near approaching change, and also the place wherein his note lies, that is, whether before or behind the note wherewith ’tis to make a change, and gives present information to the eye, to perform its part accordingly in the making of it; but then again the eye refers it to the ear, to place the note true in striking. But questionless (by the bie) the truest ringing of 30changes is to be performed only by the ear; but then the Practitioners must be capable to judg of time, and to beat it true, which must be the only direction to guide their pull; and then it must be performed at a peal of bells that may be managed with ease: and being so fitted in all respects, the changes may doubtless be rung more true, with greater pleasure to the Practitioners, and much more free from mistakes and forgets, only by the ear, than by making use of the eye to direct their pull. But in regard that either the ill going of the bells, or want of fit accomplishments in the practitioners, may render it unfit for common practice; therefore the surest way is to ring both by the eye and ear, as I said before. Now to render the eye and ear rightly useful in the ringing of changes, five things ought by the young Practitioner to be well understood. First, he must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells, and to know one from another in the time of ringing. Secondly, he must apprehend the places of the notes. Thirdly, the precedency of notes. Fourthly, the manner of making a change in ringing. Fifthly, a general prospect of the manner of putting the four preceding notions into practice.

Observation 1. The Learner must be able 31to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells one from another, and to know them asunder; as the Treble-note from the Second, the Second from the Third, &c. which, tis true, may readily be done in round ringing, because each note may be known by the place wherein it constantly strikes; but in ringing of changes it is more difficult. For admitting that six bells should strike in this order, 5.3.6.1.4.2. it might puzzle an unskilful ear to judg which is the Treble, or which the Second note, especially whilst any other note strikes betwixt them: and the like difficulty might happen in distinguishing the rest of the notes, as the 2d from the 3d, &c. To remove this difficulty, he must endeavour to acquire some skill in tuning the notes of a peal of bells, with his voice, which he may do by imitating the notes of the bells when he hears them ring: or else any person that has skill in singing, will presently direct him therein, and also how to take the true pitch of any notes with his voice, which will be the only means to distinguish them asunder.

32
┌──┬──┐
│ 1│2 │
├─┬┴┬─┤
│3│4│5│
└─┴─┴─┘

Observ. 2d. The Learner must rightly apprehend the places of the notes, which I think cannot better be done than by this means. Considering that the notes of a peal of bells do all strike one after another at the fore-stroke, and the like at back-stroke; it might be requisite for him to imagine, that the notes in their striking do lie in a direct line, that is, in a row at the fore-stroke, and the like again at back-stroke; for then the places of the notes will much resemble the places of the figures wherewith the changes are prickt: for as the figures of every change do all stand in a row; so likewise the notes of the bells, being imagined to strike in the like row, he may the more readily apprehend the places of the notes, and consequently of changing them. For the practick part of this Art, is performed by means of imaginary, not real notions; which will thus manifestly appear. This is the platform of a Frame, wherein five bells may be supposed to hang in a Steeple, the figures therein representing the places wherein the five bells hang. Now in the sixscore changes on five bells, we will suppose the Treble to be the whole Hunt, and to hunt up first over the Second, then over the Third, &c. Now the Treble cannot really move out of the place wherein it hangs; but by delaying its striking untill the Second Bell has struck, it may by that means strike next after it; and again, by delaying its striking until the Third has 33struck; it may also strike next after that, this being the true manner of the changes; by which ’tis evident, that the bells have neither really such places nor motion as is pretended, but is meerly imaginary, and was at first feigned only as a Guide to direct the Practitioner’s apprehension in the ringing of them. So that although the art of changes is in it self a real thing, yet the notions by which they are reduced to practice on bells, are not so. For which reason, the several practitioners of this Art, before they can become expert, are fain to form in their minds imaginary notions to guide them; some after one manner, some perhaps after another, according to their several fancies, yet all tending, to render the methods of changes practicable on bells; and having once form’d in their minds such imaginary helps, they become expert in short time: and then no sooner do they understand the methods of changes prickt with figures, which they commonly discover at first view; but they are presently capable of ringing them readily on bells, which experience daily testifies. And hence it is, that oftentimes the Learners, although they perfectly understand the methods of changes prickt, and also can perfectly manage a Bell; yet for want of a right apprehension 34of the nature of changing the notes, which of themselves it may be they cannot soon attain, are therefore much puzzled in their first practice of ringing changes. Therefore as a guide, the Learner must first form in his mind a fit representation of the places of the notes; which I think cannot better be done, than by imagining each note to be a figure; as the Treble-note to be the figure 1, the second note the figure 2, the third note the figure 3, and the like of the rest. Then whensoever he hears a peal of bells ring, let him by strength of imagination conceit, that each note bears the shape of a figure; that is, at the same instant of time that the note strikes, he may imagine that it leaves the impression of the figure behind it, and that with the eye of his imagination he perfectly sees it: and likewise as the notes of the bells do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, so he may imagine that they lie in a row in the shape of figures; and the like again at back-stroke. For instance: suppose that five Muskets were charged with five bullets, and that each bullet bears the shape of a figure; one Gun to be charged with the figure 1, another with the figure 2, and the other three Guns with these three figures, 3. 4. 5. Then supposing a straight 35line were drawn upon the wall, thus —————————— and that the five Muskets were by five men levell’d against the line, which is to be the mark for them to shoot at; the figure 1 to be first shot off, then the figure 2, and so the rest in order immediately after one another: now at the same instant of time that the Guns are heard to go off, the five figures would appear in a row upon the wall, thus. So in like manner when he hears a peal of five bells strike after one another at the fore-stroke, and again at back-stroke, he may imagine that at the very instant of their striking their notes appear to his apprehension in the shape of the five figures, and that they strike in a row, thus, 1 2 3 4 5, as if each Bell were a Gun, and had shot out its note in the shape of a figure. There being necessity that the young Practitioner must either imagine each note to be a real figure, or else a representative: for as the ear is to be his guide to direct when to make each change; so a right apprehension of the motion and places of the notes, must be a means to guide his ear. Now in regard that the changes are first prickt with figures, from whence the notes of the bells derive 36their course, therefore if in ringing he imagine each note to be a real figure, then the same knowledge that guides the pricking, guides also as readily the ringing of them, for then the note of his bell is supposed to have the same course with that of a real figure. But if he imagines that each note is not a real, but a representative of a figure; then consequently it must only have the like, and not the same course: by which means, whilst he is ringing of changes, his mind must have frequent recourse to his Pocket, that is, to the changes there prickt; from whence he must continually fetch instructions to direct the course of his Bell, which is oftentimes the case of the Learner: his thoughts in the time of ringing being commonly upon the figures that are prickt, either upon paper, or else upon the Steeple-wall, whilst it should be wholly intent upon the notes. Therefore in a word, the Practitioner whilst he is ringing of changes, must fix his mind fully and wholly upon the notes of the bells, and not permit it in the least to wander from thence; for the notes are to be the sole object of the thoughts in the time of ringing.

The notes being imagined to strike in a row as aforesaid, their places will then soon be understood. The notes do take their 37places according to their successive order of striking both at fore-stroke and back-stroke; each succeeding note taking its place next to that which preceds it: for whatsoever bell leads either at fore-stroke or at back-stroke, its note lieth in the first place of the supposed row of notes; and that which strikes next after the leading note, its note lieth in the second place of the supposed row of notes, and so the rest in the like order. As if five bells should strike thus after one another either of fore-stroke or back-stroke, 5 4 1 2 3. here the 5th lieth in the first place, because it was first struck; the 4th in the second place, because it was second struck; the Treble in the third place, because it was third struck; the 2d in the fourth place, because it was fourth struck; and the 3d in the last place, because it was last struck; and the like of the notes in every change.

Observ. 3. The next thing to be understood by the Learner, is the precedency of the notes. Now whereas in the ringing of changes, the notes do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, and again at the back-stroke, therefore are they said to lie before or behind each other, according to their places of striking. As if five men were standing in a row, as these five figures represent, 381 2 3 4 5, the first man to stand at the fig. 1, the second man at the figure 2, &c. and that they stand with their faces all one way, that is, the first man ready to lead, and the rest to follow him one behind another. Now the first man stands before the rest, and the fifth man behind the rest; the second man stands behind the first man, but before the third; the third man stands behind the second, but before the fourth; and the fourth stands behind the third, but before the fifth. In which manner the notes being supposed to strike in the like row, may also be laid to lie before or behind each other as the men did. For whatsoever note leads either at fore-stroke or back-stroke, is said to lie before the rest; and that which strikes last, to strike behind the rest. The note which lieth in the second place, as on the one hand it lieth behind the leading note, so on the other hand it lieth before the note in the third place. As the note in the third place lieth behind the note in the second place, so it lieth before the note in the fourth place. And in like manner, every note is said to lie behind those that strike before it, and before those that strike after it.

Observ. 4. A Change is to be made betwixt two notes, by moving them into each 39others places; wherein ’tis to be observed as a general Rule, That every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next to each other. As if five bells were ringing round in this order, 12345, the 1 and 2 may make a change, or 2 and 3, or likewise 3 and 4, or 4 and 5, because each two lie next each other; but the 1 and 3 cannot, because 2 strikes between them, much less may 1 and 4, &c. The two notes which make every change, moves into each others places in the making of it; wherein one note is said to move up, and the other down. The reason why one of them is said to move up, is, because he that rings that bell, in the making of the change must hold it up at the Sett a little longer than ordinary, to delay its striking, whereby ’tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded; and because ’tis so held up, therefore ’tis said to make an Up-change, or to move up: and on the contrary, the reason why the other note is said to move down, is, because he that rings it, pulls down the bell a little sooner than ordinary, to make it strike before the note which before it followed; and because ’tis so pulled down, therefore it is said to make a Down-change, or to move down. I will here give a short though certain rule to know when an 40Up-change or a Down-change is to be made: whensoever any note moves to strike behind the note wherewith it makes a change, it makes an up-change in doing it; and whensoever it moves to strike before the note, which ’tis to make a change with, it makes a down-change in doing it: so that every note which moves fromward the leading-note, makes an up-change; and when it moves toward the leading-note, it makes a down-change. I will here shew the manner of making a change: admitting that a peal of five bells were raised to a sett-pull, which is the usual compass for ringing of changes; the notes are first supposed to strike in this order, 12345. Now a change may be made betwixt any two notes that strike next each other; I will here make it betwixt the 3d. and 4th. which is to be done by moving them into each others’ places. Now ’tis observable, that before the making of the change, the 3d. note lies before the 4th. that is, it strikes next before the 4th; and the 4th. lies behind the 3d. that is, it strikes behind it: now in the making of the change, the 3d. must move to strike behind the 4th: wherein it makes an up-change; and the 4th. note at the same time must move to strike before the 3d. wherein it makes a down-change; 41the change being made, the bells will strike thus, 12435. All changes whatsoever are made in the aforesaid manner: for as the 3d note made an up-change in moving to strike behind the 4th, and the 4th at the same time a down-change in moving to strike before the 3d; so in like manner the two notes that make every change, must in the making of it move the one up, and the other down, as the 3d and 4th here has done. The Learner may take notice, that in ringing termes ’tis not usual to say, that a bell makes an up-change, or a down-change; but in short, that it moves up or down, which implies the former. When a note makes an up-change, ’tis then said to move over the other note; and when it makes a down-change, to move under it: as in the next preceding example, where the 3d note is said to move up over the 4th, and the 4th down under the 3d, in which manner the terms over and under are given to the two notes that make every change.

Observ. 5. In the time of ringing changes, two things are by the Practitioners to be well considered. First, to observe and readily to know, which two bells are always to make the next succeeding change: Secondly, if he is concern’d therein, to consider what bell he is to follow in the making of it. 42Upon a right knowledge of these two things, depends the Practick part of this Art. To make him expert herein, he must before hand perfectly understand, and readily remember the course and method of the changes prickt with figures, wherein he ought to be so well skill’d, as to be able to prick them down divers ways, that is, to make any figure a Hunt at pleasure; which when he can readily and speedily do, without pausing to consider of the course, then ’tis presumed that he understands the methods throughly. But yet he will not be capable to put them in practice, untill he understands the manner of making a change in ringing; neither can he understand that, until he understands the precedency of the notes; nor the precedency, until he understands the places; nor the places, until he knows the notes one from another. Therefore the four preceding observations being first perfectly understood, and also the methods of the changes as before; the Practitioner may then successfully proceed in the ringing of changes; and as a further help therein I will here instruct him. There are three bells concern’d in the making of every single change, except only when ’tis made behind, and then but two: whensoever the note of his bell is to make a change with 43any other note, his ear must then inform him whether it lies before or behind the other note; if it lies before, then in making the change it must move up behind it, that is, to follow it; and consequently, he must draw down his bell next after that which he makes a change with, which is called an up-change, as I said before. But if the note of his bell lies behind the other, then in making of the change it must move down to strike before it, and consequently he must draw down his bell next after that which the other before followed, this being a down-change. So that the making of an up-change is very easie, because he must always follow that bell which he makes a change with; but a down-change is more difficult, because he cannot so readily apprehend what bell he is to follow; yet there is a certain rule for it, which is this: to observe beforehand what note strikes the next but one before his, which bell he must follow in the making of the change. Whensoever the two notes, which strike next before his note, are to make a change; he must consider, that notwithstanding his note is to lie still in its place, yet he is concern’d therein, because the bell which he followed before the making of the change, must in the making of it move away down, and therefore he 44must follow the bell that comes into its place.

The changes are to be rung, either by walking them, as the term is; or else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By walking them, is meant, that the bells go round four, six, eight times or more in one change; which way is very proper for young Practitioners, to introduce them into a more ready way of Practice; for whilst the bells go round divers times in one change, they have in the mean time leisure to consider which two bells are to make the next following change, and also what bell each of them is to follow in the making of it; and so by diligence in practice they will by degrees acquire a more ready skill to enable them to ring at whole-pulls. Whole-pulls, is, when the bells go round at the fore-stroke and back-stroke in a change; and every time they are pull’d down at Sally, a new change is made. Whole-pulls was the general practice in former times; and indeed, considering the manner of the hanging of the bells in those days, they could not well be rung at half-pulls: but since the improvement of the Art of Bell-hanging, that is, with round Wheels, trussing them up in the Stock, and placing the Roll at right Angles with the Sole of the Wheel; the bells go much better, and are managed with more ease at a 45Sett-pull than formerly: therefore the changes are now generally rung at half-pulls, that is, at the fore-stroke one change, at the back-stroke another, and so throughout.

In ringing half-pulls, some peals of changes will cut compass, wherein the whole Hunt comes always to lead at the back-stroke; to prevent which, make the first change of the peal at the back-stroke. In plain and single changes on six bells, to hunt (that is, whole Hunt) the Treble, third, or fifth, down at the beginning of a peal cuts compass, unless prevented as before. Also to hunt the second, fourth, or sixth up at the beginning of a peal, cuts compass, unless prevented as before. Which rules, leaving out the Tenor, serves in like manner to prevent cutting compass on five bells.

’Tis convenient in ringing, to give notice of the extream changes, and he that rings the slowest Hunt, may best do it. The manner of it is, to say Extream, when the leading bell is pulling down, in order to make the change next before the extream; by which means there will be one compleat change betwixt the warning and the extream: longer warning would be too much, and shorter too little.

46The divers kinds of changes on Bells may be comprehended under two heads, viz. Plain Changes, and Cross Peals, which terms are comparatively given: for as the first are plain and easie only in comparison to the methods of the second; so consequently the second cross and intricate in comparison to the methods of the first. I will first shew in what respect they differ, and then proceed to the methods. Plain changes (I mean compleat peals) are such as have one universal method, wherein all the notes except three have a direct hunting course, moving gradually under each other in one plain and uniform order. But the methods of cross peals are various, each peal having a course differing from all others: and although most of them have Hunts, yet the Hunts have different kinds of motions, and some very intricate. Moreover plain changes are also term’d Single changes, because in the ringing of them there is only a single change made in the striking of all the notes once round either at fore-stroke or back-stroke; whereas in cross changes ’tis usual to make as many changes as the number of notes will permit. For example, supposing that a peal of 5 bells were raised, and rung at a Sett-pull; the notes are supposed to strike round 47in this order, 12345: now any two of the notes that strike next together may make a change, therefore either a single or a double change may be made at pleasure. The single change is made by changing only two notes; the double change is made by changing four notes, that is, two to make one change and two another, yet ’tis called one double change, and not two changes, in regard ’tis made in the striking of the five notes of the bells once round: as, admit the treble, second, third, and fourth, should make a change, ’tis thus to be done, 21435, where the Treble and Second made one change, and 3, 4 another; which we will imagine to be made at the fore-stroke of the bells, and therefore ’tis called one double change, and not two changes, because ’tis entirely made in the striking of the five notes once round. So that this one double change has effected that which would have required two single changes to have done the like. For instance, there can but two notes change their places at once in a single change, therefore the Treble and Second shall first change their places thus, 21345; then the third and fourth thus, 21435: so that here the five notes have gone twice round to effect that, which in the double change was done in going once round. 48And this is the nature of the difference between Plain and Cross changes.

As the Learner ought to proceed regularly in his practice, beginning first with the plainest and easiest methods. I will therefore observe that order, and first shew the course and methods of Plain changes.

### The Changes on two Bells.

Two bells are capable to make only two changes, which is to be done by changing the notes twice, as in these figures.——

| 1 2
| 2 1
| 1 2

### The Changes on three Bells.

There are six changes on three bells; which are made by this rule: the two first and two last notes must be changed by turns.

| 123
First the two first notes, which are 1 2 thus. | 213
The two last, which are 1 3, thus. | 231
The two first | 321
The two last | 312
The two first | 132
The two last | 123

In these six changes ’tis observable, that the two first notes, which were 1 2, made the first change of the six; but they may as well be rung by

49
| 123
beginning with the two last notes, which are 2, 3 thus—— | 132
Next the two first notes, which are 1 3, thus, | 312
The two last | 321
The two first | 231
The two last | 213
The two first | 123

The six changes can be rung no more than these two ways here set down.

The Six changes are sometimes rung by observing a hunt therein, which is very improper, since every note has a like course. Yet I confess in demonstrating the methods on twelve, I did there admit a Hunt into the six changes; but that was only for demonstration sake.

The compleat peals of plain changes, from three to all greater numbers whatsoever, as the Twenty four changes on four, the Sixscore on five, the Seven hundred and twenty on six, &c. are prickt and rung by one method; all the notes having a hunting-motion, except only three in each peal, which three do make the six changes in the same manner as they are before prickt. So that the Six changes on three may be term’d the basis or foundation of the compleat peals on all greater numbers.

Every Hunting note in each peal has a 50certain number of notes assigned, through which ’tis always to hunt. The term hunt is given to a note in respect of the manner of its motion, which I will shew in this example. First, the notes of four bells are supposed to strike round in this order, 1234. The Treble shall be the Hunt, and the other three assigned or appointed for it to hunt through. Now whereas the Treble-note leads, it must move through its assigned number to strike behind them: and whereas every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next each other, as I have shewed before in the 4th Observation; therefore the hunting-note is confin’d to move gradually through the rest by making a change with each note that strikes next to it; and accordingly it must first move into the 2d place, next into the 3d place, and lastly into the 4th. So that ’tis to make a change with every note that lies behind it; first with the 2d note, next with the 3d, and lastly with the 4th.

| 1234
The first change is thus | 2134
The second thus | 2314
The third thus | 2341

The hunting note has here moved through its assigned number; for whereas at first it did lead, now it strikes behind them. Wherein ’tis observable, that it made up 51changes all the way; which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay behind it: and because it made up changes, therefore ’tis said to have hunted up. The hunting-note shall now move through its assigned number again, to lead as at first. Therefore first it must move into the 3d place, then into the second place, and lastly into the first place, which is called the Treble’s place; in which motion it must make a change with each note that strikes next before it: first with the 4th note, next with the 3d, then with the 2d.

The first change thus | 2314
The second thus | 2134
The third thus | 1234

’Tis observable, that here the Treble made down-changes all the way, which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay before it: and because it made down-changes, therefore it is said to have hunted down. This is the manner of the motion of the hunting notes in all peals of plain changes; for they hunt up and down through their assigned number, as the 1 here has done. This example is plain and full to instruct the Learner in the hunting of any bell, therefore he ought to peruse it diligently, that he may understand the true 52scope and meaning of it; and as a help he may apply himself to practice by taking a Treble, and attempt to hunt it up and down as this Example directs; which he may the more readily do, if he understand the 5th Observation before set down, which guides him to make a change in ringing. So that partly by reading and well considering of what I have here wrote, and partly by practice, he may in a short time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note; which when he rightly apprehends, he will then presently be capable of understanding the following methods; and therefore I shall be the more brief in my directions to them.

### The Changes on four Bells.

Twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells: but the Learner may first practice the twelve changes, and the eighteen changes. In the twelve changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another, which may be called the Twelve all over. First the treble-note must be hunted up, letter (a); then the second note must likewise hunt up, letter (b); next the 53third note must hunt up, letter (c); and lastly the 4th note also, letter (d).

| 1234
a | 2134
2314
2341
b | 3241
3421
3412
c | 4312
4132
4123
d | 1423
1243
1234

The four notes may also hunt down one after another. First, the 4th note must hunt down to lead: then the 3d note likewise, and so the 2d and Treble one after another, which may be term’d the Twelve all under.

Courteous Reader, in my directions to the course of each peal, I do there refer by letters to the examples; which I am forced to do, to prevent those confused breaks, and unhandsome spaces, which otherwise would have happen’d both in examples and precepts. Whatever letter I mention in my directions, refers to the like at the figures. For instance; in my directions to the twelve changes next before, I there directed the treble-note to be first hunted up, letter (a); which letter refers to the like letter at the first three changes of the twelve, where the Treble hunted up, as ’tis here again represented, and the like of the rest.

a | 2134
2314
2341

In the Eighteen changes, the Treble is a 54hunting note, but never hunts up farther than the 3d place; and when it lies there, the two first notes must make a change; and every time it leads, the two hindmost notes. First it hunts up into the 3d place, letter (a); the two first notes, Which are 2.3, make a change, letter (b); the Treble hunts down (c). The two hindmost notes make a change (d), the Treble hunts up (e). The two first notes, which are 3.4, make a change (f) the Treble hunts down (g); the two last notes, which are 3.2, make a change (h), which method being continued, will bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes. The Eighteen changes may also be rung by hunting the 4th note down into the 2d place, and then a change to be made behind: the 4th note to be hunted up again into its own place, and then a change to be made before, which course being continued, will produce Eighteen changes.

| 1234
a | 2134
2314
b | 3214
c | 3124
1324
d | 1342
e | 3142
3412
f | 4312
g | 4132
1432
h | 1423
i | 4123
4213
k | 2413
l | 2143
1243
m | 1234

The Six changes on three are the ground of the Twenty four changes on four; for one of the four notes hath a constant hunting motion 55through the other three, in the same manner as in the preceding Example, page 50. and the three notes are to make the six changes in the same manner as I have before shewed in the changes on three bells; one of the six changes being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three bells: therefore if the Learner do but rightly apprehend the course of the six changes, and also the manner of the motion of the hunting note, he will presently understand the method of the twenty four changes. The six changes in the twenty four, according to the terms of ringing are called Extream changes, and the three bells which makes them, Extream bells. So that in the twenty four changes, there is a hunt and three extream bells. Every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extream bells, an extream change must then be made. The extream changes may be made two ways, viz. either betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest extream bells to it. In this Example every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, and the treble shall be the hunting note, which must first 56hunt up (a); then the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (b). The Treble must hunt down (c). The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (d). The treble must hunt up (e); the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extream change (f). The treble-note must hunt down (g). The two farthest extream bells from the hunt, which are 3.2, must make an extream change (h). The treble must hunt up (i). The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 4.2, must make an extream change (k). The treble must hunt down (l). The two farthest extream bells, which are 4.3, must make an extream change (m), which concludes the peal. Now the Learner for his satisfaction may take out the extream changes in the same order as they were made, as first at (b), then (d), and so (f.h.k.m.) and they will stand as they are here set down; where ’tis evident, that 2.3.4 have made the six changes according to the method of the first six changes on three bells, before set down, 57(page 48.) where the first change of that six was 213, and this being 324, is the same in course though the figures differ, and the rest of the changes in this six, are likewise the same in course and method with those.

| 1234
a | 2134
2314
2341
b | 3241
c | 3214
3124
1324
d | 1342
e | 3142
3412
3421
f | 4321
g | 4312
4132
1432
h | 1423
i | 4123
4213
4231
k | 2431
l | 2413
2143
1243
m | 1234

3241
1342
4321
1423
2431
1234

In the preceding twenty four changes, every extream change was made betwixt the two furthest extream bells from the hunt. I will therefore here set down an example, where they shall be made between the two nearest bells, to it. First, the treble hunts up (a). The two next notes to the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extream change (b). The Treble must hunt down (c). The two nearest notes to the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (d). The Treble hunts up (e). The two nearest extream bells to the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (f). The Treble hunts down (g). The two next extream bells to the hunt, which are 4.3, must make a change (h). And the like extream changes being made as at (k) and (m), concludes the peal.

58
| 1234
a | 2134
2314
2341
b | 2431
c | 2413
2143
1243
d | 1423
e | 4123
4213
4231
f | 4321
g | 4312
4132
1432
h | 1342
i | 3142
3412
3421
k | 3241
l | 3214
3124
1324
m | 1234

The six extream changes, viz. (b.d.f.h.k. and m.) being set down by themselves, will stand in this order, as here you see; where ’tis plain, that 2 3 4 have made the six changes, according to the method of the last six changes on three bells, page 49. where the first change of that six is made between the last two notes thus, 1 3 2. So in like manner is the first here thus, 243, which is the same method with that, though not the same figures.

2431
1423
4321
1342
3241
1234

So that the making of the extream changes two ways in the twenty four, proceeds from the two ways of making the six changes on three bells. This last way of making the extream changes, may, for distinction from the other way, be called mediums; which term is very proper, in regard that the two middlemost of the four notes do always make the extream change. The extream changes in one peal must all be made alike, that is, either betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest notes to it; but the most usual way is to make them between the two farthest.

Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may be either up or down. The twenty 59four changes may be rung sixteen ways according to the aforesaid method, yet the changes to each are still one and the same; but by making each note a hunt, and moving it either up or down at the beginning, and also by making the extream changes two ways, the course of the changes will be so altered, that the same changes shall not come all along together in any two of those sixteen ways. With the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways; for the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal; then in its motion either way the extream changes maybe made two ways, as before: so that to make each note a hunt, and with each hunt to ring it four ways makes sixteen in the whole. Wherein ’tis observable, that the treble-note cannot be moved down at first, nor the 4th up; therefore an extream change must first be 60made, which is as effectual as if either note had moved at first. I have here prickt the twenty four changes three ways, wherein the extream changes are all made betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt.

2d. down | 3d. up | 4th. up
--- | --- | ---
1234 | 1234 | 1234
2134 | 1243 | 2134
2143 | 2143 | 2143
1243 | 2134 | 2413
1423 | 2314 | 4213
1432 | 3214 | 4231
4132 | 3241 | 2431
4123 | 2341 | 2341
4213 | 2431 | 2314
2413 | 2413 | 3214
2431 | 4213 | 3241
4231 | 4231 | 3421
4321 | 4321 | 4321
4312 | 3421 | 4312
3412 | 3412 | 3412
3421 | 4312 | 3142
3241 | 4132 | 3124
2341 | 4123 | 1324
2314 | 1423 | 1342
3214 | 1432 | 1432
3124 | 1342 | 4132
3142 | 3142 | 4123
1342 | 3124 | 1423
1324 | 1324 | 1243
1234 | 1234 | 1234

### The Changes on five Bells.

There are sixscore changes to be rung on five bells; but the Learner may first practice some shorter peals, as the Ten changes, the twelve, the Fourteen, the Twenty all over, the Twenty with one hunt, and the Forty eight.

In the Ten changes the treble must first hunt up (a); the 2.3 must make a change (b). The treble must hunt down again (c); the 3.2 must make another change (d). The ten changes may also be rung by hunting down the 5 to lead; then 3.4 to make a change; the 5 to be hunted up again, and the 4.3 to make another change.

| 12345
a | 21345
23145
23415
23451
b | 32451
c | 32415
32145
31245
13245
d | 12345

In the Twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place, then the two first notes make a change; the treble hunts down again, then the two hindmost 61notes make a change. First the treble hunts into the 3d place (a); the two first notes 2.3 make a change (b). The treble hunts down (c); the two last notes make a change (d); the treble hunts up (e); the two first notes make a change (f); the treble hunts down (g); the two last notes make another change (h).

| 12345
a | 21345
23145
b | 32145
c | 31245
13245
d | 13254
e | 31254
32154
f | 23154
g | 21354
12354
h | 12345

In the Fourteen changes, the treble first hunts up behind; then the 5 hunts down to lead; the treble then hunts down again into its own place; and the fifth also hunts up into its own place.

The Twenty all over are rung in the same manner as the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer.

In the Twenty changes with one hunt, the hunting note continually hunts up and down through the other notes, and every time it lies either before or behind them, an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest notes from it. The treble shall be the hunt, and first hunteth up (a). An extream change is made (b); the treble hunts down (c); an extream change is made (d); which 62course must be continued to the end. The extream changes may also be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, yet still observing to make the extreams as before.

| 12345
a | 21345
23145
23415
23451
b | 32451
c | 32415
32145
31245
13245
d | 13254

In the forty eight changes, the 5th and 4th are both hunts, and 1 2 3 do make the six changes; the 5.4 do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, then one of the six changes is made. First the 5 hunts down (a); one of the six changes is made (b); the 5 hunts up into its own place (c); the 4 hunts down (d); another of the six changes is made (e); then the 4 must hunt up, and the 5 down again, &c. which course must be continued to the end.

| 12345
a | 12354
12534
15234
51234
b | 52134
c | 25134
21534
21354
21345
d | 21435
24135
42135
e | 42315

In the Sixscore changes, four of the notes do make the Twenty four changes, and the fifth note hunts continually through them: so that the course and method of the Sixscore is in effect the same with that of the Four and twenty. For as the Four and twenty comprehended the Six changes on three; so in like 63manner the Sixscore comprehend the Four and twenty changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore in the Sixscore there must be two hunts and three extream bells; one of the hunts is term’d the whole-hunt, and the other the half-hunt, The three extream bells do make the Six changes in the same manner as they were made before in the Four and twenty changes upon four bells, and are here also call’d Extream changes: the half-hunt and three extream bells do make the Four and twenty changes in the same manner as the Four and twenty changes on four bells were likewise made: and the whole hunt continually hunts through those four bells, and every time it either leads or lies behind them, one change must then be made in the twenty four. 1 shall here be the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 345 extream bells: so that 2345 must make the four and twenty changes. Every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. First, the treble hunts up (a). One of the twenty four changes must now be made; and therefore 2 which is the 64hunt in the twenty four, must begin its motion through the extream bells (b). The treble hunts down (c); the half-hunt must proceed in its course (d); the whole-hunt hunts up (e); The half-hunt proceeds forward (f); the whole-hunt moves down (g). The half-hunt should now proceed, but having finished its course through the extream bells, therefore an extream change must now be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.4 (h). The treble must hunt up (i); the half-hunt must now begin its course again through the extream bells (k); treble hunts down (l); the half-hunt proceeds in its course down (m); treble hunts up (n); the half-hunt proceeds in its course down (o); treble hunts down (p); the half-hunt having finished its course, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.5 (q). The 65treble hunts up (r). The half-hunt begins its motion again through the extream bells, and first it moves up over 4th (s). The whole hunt moves down (t); the half-hunt must proceed in its course, and therefore must move over another note (v). And this method being observed, will produce sixscore changes, and then the bells will in course come round. Now ’tis observable, that the changes at (b d f h k m o q s v x and z), being set down by themselves, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on 2345 to be set directly under one another in the same successive order as they were made, it will thereby appear, that those four figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four, according to the method of the first twenty four changes on four bells before set down. And whereas here are just half the sixscore changes prickt down, so likewise here are just half the four and twenty changes made therein: and the remaining part of this sixscore being likewise prickt, the remaining part of this four and twenty would also appear therein, which part being added to the former twelve, would make up 66the twenty four changes compleat; and the method of them the same in all respects with the first twenty four changes on four bells, page.

| 12345
a | 21345
23145
23415
23451
b | 32451
c | 32415
32145
31245
13245
d | 13425
e | 31425
34125
34215
34251
f | 34521
g | 34512
34152
31452
13452
h | 14352
i | 41352
43152
43512
43521
k | 43251
l | 43215
43125
41325
14325
m | 14235
n | 41235
42135
42315
42351
o | 24351
p | 24315
24135
21435
12435
q | 12453
r | 21453
24153
24513
24531
s | 42531
t | 42513
42153
41253
14253
v | 14523
w | 41523
45123
45213
45231
x | 45321
y | 45312
45132
41532
14532
z | 15432

Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may either be up or down. Any note may also be made a half-hunt, and its first motion likewise up or down at pleasure; yet still observing that the half-hunt and three extream bells must make the twenty four changes, as in this last example. So that in the sixscore changes the Learner may observe, that the three extream bells are always assigned for the half-hunt to hunt through; and the half-hunt and three extream bells are also assigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through: so that the whole-hunt always hunts through four notes, and the half-hunt through three. The extream changes may be made two ways; first, betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt, as in this last example; secondly, betwixt the two next extream bells to the half-hunt, which may be called mediums, for distinction from the former. But the most usual and easiest way, is to make them betwixt the two farthest notes from the half-hunt.

67Whereas the treble or fifth being made whole-hunts, the first of them can neither be moved down, nor the last up, at the beginning of a peal; therefore one of the twenty four changes must first be made, which is as effectual, as if the treble had moved down, or the 5th up.

The Learner may observe, that two of the four and twenty changes are never made together in any sixscore, but as soon as one is made, the whole-hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made.

The sixscore changes may be rung one hundred and sixty ways, which are thus demonstrable. There are five times four figures to be produced out of five, and not twice four the same figures: as 1234. 1235. 1245. 1345. 2345. with each four the twenty four changes may be prickt sixteen ways, as before I have shewed on four bells; so that here will be five times sixteen four and twenties, which amount to eighty, and not two alike. Now to each four add the fifth figure which is wanting, as to 1234 add 5, to 1235 add 4, to 1245 add 3, to 1345 add 2, to 2345 add 1, and every fifth figure being hunted through the sixteen four and twenties, which the other four make, as the 5 through the sixteen four and twenties which the 681234 make, and the like of the rest, will produce as many sixscores as there were four and twenties, that is, 80. Then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each four and twenty, that is, up and down at the beginning, which doubles the former number, and makes 160 in the whole.

#### Treble up, fifth down.

12345 | 12534 | 15243 | 21453 |  | 14325 | 13524
| 21534 | 51243 | 24153 | 14253 | Extre. | 13254
21345 | 25134 | 52143 | 24513 | 14523 | 13425 |
23145 | 25314 | 52413 | 24531 |  |  | 13245
23415 | 25341 | 52431 | 24351 | 15423 | 13452 | Extre.
23451 | 52341 | 25431 | 24315 | Extre. | 13542 | 12345
23541 | 52314 | 25413 | 24135 | 15432 |  |
23514 | 52134 | 25143 | 21435 |  | 15342 |
23154 | 51234 | 21543 | 12435 | 14532 | Extre. |
21354 | 15234 | 12543 | Extre. | 14352 | 15324 |
12354 | Extre. | 12453 | 14235 |  |  |

#### Treble up, fourth down.

12345 | 12435 | 41253 | 21543 | 52134 |  | 14325
| 14235 | 14253 | 12543 | 51234 | 15342 | 13425
21345 | 41235 | 12453 | 12534 | 15234 | 15324 |
23145 | 42135 | 21453 | 21534 | 15243 |  | 13245
23415 | 42315 | 24153 | 25134 |  | 13524 | 13254
23451 | 42351 | 24513 | 25314 | 15423 | 13542 |
24351 | Extre. | 24531 | 25341 | 14523 |  | 12354
24315 | 42531 | 25431 | Extre. |  | 13452 | 12345
24135 | 42513 | 25413 | 52341 | 14532 | 14352 |
21435 | 42153 | 25143 | 52314 | 15432 |  |

69

#### Second down, fourth up.

12345 | 31524 | 34125 | 43512 | 35412 | Extre.
| 31254 | 34215 | 43521 | 35421 | 53142
21345 | 32154 | 32415 | 43251 | 35241 | 53124
21354 | 23154 | 23415 | 42351 | 32541 | 53214
12354 | 23145 | 24315 | 24351 | 23541 | 52314
13254 | 32145 | 42315 | 23451 | 23514 | 25314
13524 | 31245 | 43215 | 32415 | 32514 | 25341
13542 | 31425 | 43125 | 34251 | 35214 | 52341
Extre. | 31452 | 43152 | 34521 | 35124 | 53241
31542 | 34152 | Extre. | 34512 | 35142 | &c.

In ringing terms the hunts are named in short, as in the peals here prickt. The first which is named is here understood to be the whole-hunt, and the last the half-hunt. For instance, Treble is the whole-hunt, and fifth the half-hunt; and treble is the whole-hunt, and fourth the half-hunt, &c.

### The Changes on six Bells.

There are seven hundred and twenty changes to be rung of six bells. But the Learner may first practice some shorter peals.

The twenty four changes are thus rung. The treble must continually hunt through the rest of the notes, and every time it leads 70or lies behind them, an extream change must then be made between the two farthest notes from it. The treble hunts up (a). A change is made betwixt the two farthest notes from it, which are 2.3 (b). The treble hunts down (c). An extream change is made betwixt 5.6 (d), which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and the extream changes may as well be made betwixt the two nearest notes to the hunt. The Thirty-all-over are rung according to the method of the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer.

| 123456
a | 213456
231456
234156
234516
234561
b | 324561
c | 324516
324156
321456
312456
132456
d | 132465

The thirty six changes are thus rung. The treble hunts up into the third place, and then the two first notes make a change. The treble hunts down again to lead, and then the two notes in the 3d and 4th places do make a change, except the 2 lies next the treble, and then the two hindmost notes. The treble hunts up (a). The two first notes make a change (b). 71The treble hunts down (c); the 2.4 make a change (d). In which manner the changes are to be made untill the treble leads, and the 2 (which may be term’d the half-hunt) lies next it, and then the extream change is made behind, as in the last change of this example, there being but two of these changes in the peal.

| 123456
a | 213456
231456
b | 321456
c | 312456
132456
d | 134256
e | 314256
341256
f | 431256
g | 413256
143256
h | 142356
i | 412356
421356
k | 241356
l | 214356
124356
m | 124365
| &c.

In the Twelvescore long-hunts, (otherwise called the Esquire’s twelvescore); the 6th and 5th are hunts, and 1234 do make the twenty four changes. The 6th and 5th do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, one of the twenty four changes must then be made. The course and method of this is the same with that of the forty eight changes on five bells, to which I refer the Learner.

In the Sevenscore and four, the treble and tenor are both hunts; and 2345 do make the twenty four changes, 2 being the hunt therein. The treble and tenor do both hunt at one and the same time, the one up, and the other down, crossing each others course; and when one of them leads, the other 72always lies behind; at which time one of the twenty four changes must be made. The extream changes in this peal are made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (a). One of the twenty four changes is made (b). The treble hunts down, and the tenor up (c). Another of the twenty four changes is made (d). The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (e), &c. which method must be observed to the end.

| 123456
a | 213465
231645
236145
263415
623451
b | 632451
c | 362415
326145
321645
312465
132456
d | 134256
e | 314265
341625
346125
364215
634251
f | 634521
| &c.

In the sixscore changes there is a whole-hunt, a half-hunt, and four extream bells. The half-hunt and four extream bells do make the twenty changes in the same manner as the twenty changes were made upon five bells with one hunt. page 61. The whole hunt hath a continual motion through the other five notes, and every time it leads and lies behind them, one of the twenty changes must then be made. In this example, treble is the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 3456 extream bells; therefore 23456 must make the twenty changes wherein 2 is the hunt, and every time it lies either before the four 73extream bells, or behind them, an extream change must then be made, which here shall be betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. The treble hunts up (a). One of the twenty changes must now be made, therefore 2 being the hunt in it, must begin its course through the extream bells (b). The treble hunts down (c); The half-hunt proceeds forward (d); the treble hunts up (e); the half-hunt proceeds forward in its course (f); the treble hunts down (g); the 2 proceeds forward (h); the treble hunts up (i); the half-hunt should now proceed forward, but its course through the extream bells being finished, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt 3.4, which are the two farthest extream bells from it, (k). The treble must hunt down (l); the half-hunt must now go its course again through the extream bells, and first it moves down under the 6th, (m) &c. 74which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, or a half-hunt also. And the extream changes may be made betwixt the two nearest extream notes to the half-hunt; but withall observing to make all the extreams in one peal alike. There are four extream changes in each peal, and thirty changes distance from one to another.

| 123456
a | 213456
231456
234156
234516
234561
b | 324561
c | 324516
324156
321456
312456
132456
d | 134256
e | 314256
341256
342156
342516
342561
f | 345261
g | 345216
345126
341526
314526
134526
h | 134562
i | 314562
341562
345162
345612
345621
k | 435621
l | 435612
435162
431562
413562
143562
m | 143526
| &c.

The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an absolute dependency upon the method of the Sixscore changes on five bells; for five of the notes are to make the sixscore changes, and the sixth note hunts continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one of the Sixscore changes must then be made. The method of the Seven hundred and Twenty is in effect the same with that of the Sixscore: for as the Sixscore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on three; so likewise the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixscore changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore here must be three Hunts, and three Extream bells: the three Hunts are thus distinguished; one of 75them is call’d the whole-hunt, another the half-hunt, and the other the quarter-hunt. The Half-hunt, Quarter-hunt, and three Extream bells, are to make the Sixscore changes; the Quarter-hunt and three Extream bells are to make the Twenty four changes, and the three Extream bells are to make the six changes, which are here also called extream changes, and made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. In this example here prickt, treble is the whole-hunt, 2d the half-hunt, 3d the quarter-hunt, and 4 5 6 extream bells. Now ’tis observable, that 4 5 6 are to make the six extream changes, which will divide the seven hundred and twenty into six equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are to make the twenty four changes, wherein the 3d is the hunt, (but in the seven hundred and twenty ’tis call’d the quarter-hunt;) and 2 3 4 5 6 are to make the sixscore changes, wherein the 2d is the whole-hunt (though in the 720 ’tis call’d the half-hunt,) by which ’tis evident, that the treble continually hunts through these five 2 3 4 5 6, the 2d through the four 3 4 5 6, and the 3d through these three 4 5 6; which are assigned for the respective hunts to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal. First the treble hunts up (a). Now one of the sixscore 76changes must be made, therefore the 2d being the hunt in the sixscore, must begin its course through the other four notes (b). The treble hunts down (c); the 2d proceeds in its course (d); the treble hunts up (e). The 2d proceedeth forward in its course (f); the treble hunts down (g); the 2d proceeds forward (h); the treble hunts up (i); the 2d, which is the half-hunt, should now proceed forward, but having finished its course through the four bells, therefore the 3d, which is the quarter-hunt, must begin its motion through the extream bells (k). The treble hunts down (l). The half-hunt must now begin its course again through the four bells, and first therefore it moves down under the 6 (m). The treble must hunt up again, and then the 2d must move down under another bell, which method must be observed untill the 2d has moved quite down 77through the four bells again, and then the 3d must proceed forward by moving over another of the extream bells; which method must be observed in the motion of the three hunts, until the quarter-hunt hath moved up behind the extream bells, and then the whole and half-hunts, having gone their course again through the bells, an extream change must be made: after which the whole, half, and quarter-hunts proceed again in their course as before.

| 123456
a | 213456
231456
234156
234516
234561
b | 324561
c | 324516
324156
321456
312456
132456
d | 134256
e | 314256
341256
342156
342516
342561
f | 345261
g | 345216
345126
341526
314526
134526
h | 134562
i | 314562
341562
345162
345612
345621
k | 435621
l | 435612
435162
431562
413562
143562
m | 143526

78The letter h standing by the figures signifies half-hunt, that is, the motion of the half-hunt in that change; and likewise q the quarter-hunt. Here are the first sixscore changes of a seven hundred and twenty; wherein ’tis observable, that all the changes at h and q being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other 79five figures to be set down directly under one another, and the extream change at last, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a sixscore, according to the method of the example on five bells, page 63. with this only difference, these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike course, the 2d and 3d going the same course in this, as the treble and 2d did in that. Now whereas the sixscore changes here prickt down are a sixth part of the seven hundred and twenty, so likewise are the twenty changes, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the sixscore: and then consequently, the seven hundred and twenty changes being all prickt, the sixscore changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this sixscore. Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method of the sixscore changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any hunts, the second extream change being made between the two bells which made the first extream, will always bring the bells round at the end of the twelvescore. But after twelvescore are made, 80they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720.

| 123456 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 213456 |  | 435612 |  | 214536 |  | 456312
| 231456 |  | 435162 |  | 241536 |  | 456132
| 234156 |  | 431562 |  | 245136 |  | 451632
| 234516 |  | 413562 |  | 245316 |  | 415632
| 234561 |  | 143562 |  | 245361 |  | 145632
h | 324561 | h | 143526 | h | 425361 | h | 145623
| 324516 |  | 413526 |  | 425316 |  | 415623
| 324156 |  | 431526 |  | 425136 |  | 451623
| 321456 |  | 435126 |  | 421536 |  | 456123
| 312456 |  | 435216 |  | 412536 |  | 456213
| 132456 |  | 435261 |  | 142536 |  | 456231
h | 134256 | h | 432561 | h | 145236 | h | 452631
| 314256 |  | 432516 |  | 415236 |  | 452613
| 341256 |  | 432156 |  | 451236 |  | 452163
| 342156 |  | 431256 |  | 452136 |  | 451263
| 342516 |  | 413256 |  | 452316 |  | 415263
| 342561 |  | 143256 |  | 452361 |  | 145263
h | 345261 | h | 142356 | h | 453261 | h | 142563
| 345216 |  | 412356 |  | 453216 |  | 412563
| 345126 |  | 421356 |  | 453126 |  | 421563
| 341526 |  | 423156 |  | 451326 |  | 425163
| 314526 |  | 423516 |  | 415326 |  | 425613
| 134526 |  | 423561 |  | 145326 |  | 425631
h | 134562 | h | 243561 | h | 145362 | h | 245631
| 314562 |  | 243516 |  | 415362 |  | 245613
| 341562 |  | 243156 |  | 451362 |  | 245163
| 345162 |  | 241356 |  | 453162 |  | 241563
| 345612 |  | 214356 |  | 453612 |  | 214563
| 345621 |  | 124356 |  | 453621 |  | 124563
q | 435621 | q | 124536 | q | 456321 |  | Extre.
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 125463

The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the sixscore changes may be prickt one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have shewed on five bells. Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several sixscores which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the 160 several sixscores which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160 several sixscores, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce as many seven hundred and twenties as there are sixscores, that is, six times one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each sixscore, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole.

81

## AN INTRODUCTION
to the Knowledge of
CROSSE PEALS.

These Peals are term’d cross in respect of their intricate methods; wherein several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or cross each other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720 &c. yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only basis on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, 82by which the course of the peal is steered; which note is term’d a Hunt, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is term’d one compleat Course. Some peals upon five bells, as old Doubles, &c. consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as London Paradox, &c. consist of double Courses; there being twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, viz. twelve changes in every single Course, as in Grandsire Bob &c. and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in Colledg Bob, &c. the change wherein the Hunt leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easie than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the 83Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three respects. First, in the motion of the Hunt; secondly, in the motion of the rest of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I shall shew in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein ’tis observable, that the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again at the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intend. So that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course.

First Course | 2d Course | 3d Course
--- | --- | ---
12345 | 13524 | 15432
21354 | 31542 | 51423
23145 | 35124 | 54132
32415 | 53214 | 45312
23451 | 35241 | 54321
32541 | 53421 | 45231
23514 | 35412 | 54213
32154 | 53142 | 45123
31245 | 51324 | 41532
13254 | 15342 | 14523
13524 | 15432 | 14253

First therefore, as to the motion of the hunt, the 1 which is the hunt moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then 84down again to lead, where it lieth also twice; as appears in each of these three Courses, and the like also throughout the peal.

Secondly, as the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th bells move through the first Course, so the bells that lie in the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th places in the last change of every course, moves in the same manner also through the next following course. For instance; first, for the bell in the 2d place: in the first course the 2d bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then dodges untill the treble comes down to it. So likewise in the second course, the 3d bell lying in the 2d place moves down to lead, where it lies twice, and then dodges until treble comes down to it; and also in the third course, the 5th bell lying in the 2d place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice, and dodgeth until the treble moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the 3d place. In the first course the 3d bell moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it: so likewise in the second course the 5th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it: and also in the 3d course the 4th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the treble comes down to 85it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the first course, the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; so likewise in the second course, the 2d bell lying in the 4th place moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; and also in the third course the 3d bell lying in the 4th place, moves therefore up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And such uniform motion also hath the bell in the 5th place through every course.

Thirdly, that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike, will here also plainly appear in the three courses. For the first change of every course is made on the two first and two last bells; the second change of every course is made on the four last; the third is made on the four first; the fourth on the two first and two last; the fifth on the four first; the sixth on the two first and two last; the seventh on the four first; the eighth on the four last; the ninth on the two first and two last; and the tenth single.

And thus in every Cross-peal the Courses do all agree, first in the motion of the Hunt, secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes, and thirdly in the making of the changes, 86as before I have showed. So that these three things being well observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them; the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of them, and the first and second the ringing of them. Therefore if the Practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of a peal, wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt, (with a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to the making of Extreams and Bob-changes) he may easily prick down all the following Courses of the same peals and therefore in the following peals I have onely prickt down two or three of the first courses for an example, and then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are some few Cambridg-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courses of each peal do not agree in the aforesaid three respects: For although as to the motion of the whole-hunt they do, yet in the motion of the rest of the notes, and consequently in the making of the changes they do not.

It being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross hunts, that is, to make the 87 2d, 3d, 4th &c. whole-hunts, I will therefore set down a general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each Peal, wherein consists the great difficulty. In any Cross-peal the whole-hunt may move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the whole-hunt in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion of any cross hunt, and consequently of making the first changes in that peal. For Example, admit the 4th were made the whole-hunt in the peal called Old doubles and singles upon five bells, and to hunt up at first: now to know how to make the first changes, observe how the change is made wherein the treble (which is there the whole-hunt) moves up out of the 4th place, and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the 4th bell also moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble moves up out of the 4th place is a single behind; so likewise must the change wherein the 4th bell moves up out of that place, be also a single behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth still behind is double of the four first bells; so likewise the next change wherein the 4th bell lieth still behind, must also be made on the four first, thus, 21534, &c. Or admit the 4th 88were to hunt down at the beginning, then observe how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the 4th place, and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the 4th hunts also down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble hunts down out of the 4th place, is double of the four first bells; so likewise must the change wherein the 4th bell hunts down out of that place, be also double of the four first thus, 21435; then as the treble makes a single when it moves down out of the 3d place, so likewise must the 4th next make a single change in moving down out of the 3d place thus 24135, &c. which observations will guide the making of the first changes in any cross peal with any Hunts; but observe whensoever the first change of any peal happens to be single, it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting compass; and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way observe, that all the following peals are so prickt, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the first change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke, the single changes in each peal will always be made at the back-stroke; and also the double changes in Triples and Doubles, excepting some few Single 89in two or three peals. But when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke, then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change.

In such peals on five bells where singles are made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the extreams may there be made three ways in each peal; viz. every time the half-hunt lieth next to the whole-hunt; secondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, and also behind: in this last way there are six extreams in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the extreams being always made when the whole-hunt leads, and betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt.

In such peals upon five bells wherein there are three extreams, and made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt; the rest of the singles at the leadings of the whole-hunt may be made two ways in each peal, viz. either in the 2d and 3d, or the 4th and 5th places; if they are made in the 2d and 3d, then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lyeth behind; but if the singles are made behind, then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, 90the extreams being always made between the two next extream bells to the half-hunt.

In all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title of the peal, are the hunts in the peal there prickt: for instance, in the first cross-peal upon five bells call’d Old doubles and singles, the two figures standing thus 1 and 2, are the hunts in that peal; 1 is the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and the like of the rest.

All peals of doubles upon five bells, which go sixty changes compleat without any single, by making of two extreams they will go 120. And also all peals of doubles upon six bells, and triples and doubles upon six, which go 360 changes without any single or extreme, by making of two extreams they will go 720. The extreams in all these compleat peals proceeding from one and the same cause, are therefore to be made after one manner, according to this general and infallible rule: Wheresoever any two of the extream bells are in course to make a change, those two bells by lying still will effectually make the extream. So that the making of the extream in doubles upon five bells, necessitates the making of a single change at the same time, by reason that the two extream bells which 91should contribute to the making of the double change, do lie still; so that the single change is accidental, and very improperly called the extream. When the extreams in triples and doubles upon six bells are made at double changes, then there happens two singles in the peal; but when they are made at triple changes, then those two changes will become double, and consequently the 720 will then go compleat without any single. Upon five bells the first extream must be made within sixty changes from the beginning, and the second extream just sixty changes from the first. Upon six bells the first extream must be made within 360 changes from the beginning, and the second extream just 360 changes from the first. The easiest way in practice, is to make the extremes at the leadings of the whole-hunt; wherein it may be observed as a general rule, That in all peals upon six bells, where the half-hunt dodgeth behind at the bobs, there the first extream may be made either the first, second, or third time: the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, and then the second extream must be made the third time those two bells dodg again together behind, after the first extream is made. And also in all such peals upon six bells, where the doubles at the leadings of the 92 whole-hunt are made on the four middle bells, there the first extream may be made either the first, second, or third time the half and quarter-hunts do make a change in the 2d and 3d places, and then the 2d extream must be made the third time those two bells come there again to make a change after the first extream is made. The singles at all these extreams must be made by the half and quarter-hunt. The first extream in any peal may also be made at any place, where two of the extream bells are in course to made a change according to the preceding general rule; and then the making of the second extream may be guided by observations taken from the changes at the leadings of the whole-hunt: for at the leadings of the whole-hunt the half and quarter-hunts always come together to make a change in one place, just at 120 changes distance from one another throughout each peal. Now as the second extream must be made just 360 changes from the first, so the making of it may thus be guided: Look how many changes, or else how many leadings of the whole-hunt the first extream is made after the half and quarter-hunts have made a change together, so many changes or leadings of the whole-hunt must the second extream be made, after the third following time that those two 93bells do made a change in the same place again. And likewise in all peals, where there are single and double bobs, the same observations will also hold good, in making the extreams either after the single or double bobs as before; there being likewise 120 changes distance between the single bobs and also between the double bobs: so that if the first extream is made at a single bob, the second must then be made at the third following single bob, and the like also at double bobs. And such kind of observations, according to the nature of the peal, will guide the making of the second extream in any peal, either upon five or six bells. Wherein ’tis observable, that the second extream must always be made by the same two bells, and in the same place where the first was made, which two bells will in course lie apt for that purpose; and the rest of the bells will also in course lie in the same places at the second extream where they lay at the first. After the making of the first extream, the method of the peal goeth on as if no extream had been made; and also after the making of the second extream if any remaineth, it also goes on, until in course the bells come round.

In all compleat peals of doubles upon six bells there may also moveable extreams be 94made, which are made according to this rule; wheresoever any two of the extream bells are together, and in course to lie still, those two bells by making a change will thereby make the extream, which is as effectual as the fixed extream, the reason and ground of both being one and the same. There are also two of these extreams in the peal, and the second always made 360 changes from the first, and the making of it guided by such kind of observations as before. When moveable extreams are made, then there will be two triple changes in the 720; but when fixed extreams are made, then two singles.

The art of cross-pricking may receive a being from this consideration. As every compleat peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the compleat peals on all lesser numbers; so likewise every compleat cross-peal must of necessity do the like, although their cross course permits it not to be done so regularly and demonstrably as the former. From whence may be inferr’d, that every note in a cross-peal must of necessity lie as many times in one place, as the rest of the notes are capable of making changes; and also that two or more of the notes must jointly lie in the same places as many times, as the remaining number are also capable of making changes: 95this being a certain touchstone to prove all cross-peals after they are prickt, and must be held as a principle on which to ground such methods of pricking, that the course of all the notes may demonstrably tend to produce those effects. And from hence it is, that the whole hunt immediately derives the manner of its uniform motion through the courses of each peal. And the changes in every course are as so many guides to conduct the rest of the notes in such sort, that they may be prepared to lie at the last change of the course in apt places for each succeeding course to receive them, and to perform the like. Now as the changes in all the courses of a peal are made alike, except as before; so in the composing of cross-peals, by pricking of one course may soon be discovered, whether or no a compleat Peal will from thence arise.

96

### Cross Peals.

#### The Twenty four, Doubles and Singles on four Bells.

This peal consists equally of double and single changes; one change is double, the next single, and so throughout. 1 is here the hunt, and 2.3.4 extream bells. Every double change is made on the two first and two last bells, and every single on the two middle bells, except when the 1 leads, and then behind which is call’d extream. All the bells have a direct Hunting course up and down until 1 leads, and then the bell in the second place lyeth still, whilst the two hind-bells make a dodg; which being made, all the bells proceed again in their Hunting course. The three changes of (a.b.c) are the three extream changes.

| 1234
| 2143
| 2413
| 4231
| 4321
| 3412
| 3142
| 1324
a | 1342
| 3124
| 3214
| 2341
| 2431
| 4213
| 4123
| 1432
b | 1423
| 4132
| 4312
| 3421
| 3241
| 2314
| 2134
| 1243
c | 1234

There are three ways to make the extream changes. First, every time 97the hunt leads, as in the peal here prickt; secondly, every time it lies behind; thirdly, every time it leads and lies behind: in this last way there are six extream changes in the peal, but in the other two ways, only three extreams; the extream changes must always be made betwixt the two farthest bells from the hunt. Any bell may hunt at pleasure, and it may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal. If the 1st or 3d do hunt down, or the 2d or 4th up at the beginning, the first change must be single, and made of the back-stroke (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) to prevent cutting compass; but if either of those bells do hunt the contrary way, then the first change must be double.

#### Old Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes. Every double change is on the four first bells, and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every single change, except when it leads, and then the single is in the 3d and 4th 98places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then the single is behind, which is call’d extream. Every time the treble leaves leading, the two first bells continue slow dodging, until the treble comes down and displaceth them. And when the treble moves down out of the 5th place, the bell that comes into it lies still there, untill the treble comes thither again, except when the extream change is made behind. Every bell lies twice together in the 3d and 4th places, except when the treble leads, and also when it hinders them in hunting.

12345 | 51432 |
21435 | 15342 | 12543
24135 | 15432 | Extre.
42315 |  | 12534
42351 | 13254 |
24531 | 13524 | 13425
24513 |  | 13245
42153 | 12435 |
41253 | Extre. | 14532
14523 | 12453 | 14352
14253 |  |
41523 | 15324 | 15243
45123 | 15234 | 15423
54213 |  |
54231 | 13452 | 12354
45321 | 13542 | Extre.
45312 | 14235 | 12345
54132 | 14325 |

This old peal may be rung by a new course, which differs from the former only in the single changes that are made every time the whole-hunt leads, viz. every single may be made either in the 2d and 3d, or 4th and 5th places. If they are made in the 2d and 3d, then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lies behind; but if they are made in the 4th and 5th places, then 99the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lies next the whole-hunt, the extreams being always made in the 3d and 4th places.

#### London Paradox. 1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The motion of the treble is after this manner; in hunting up, first, it makes a dodg in the 2d and 3d places, then it lies twice in the 4th place, and four times behind; in which manner also it hunts down again, and then leads four times. The rest of the bells have a like course and motion with that of the treble, untill the treble leads. Now ’tis observable, that every single change is made in the 2d and 3d places until the treble leads, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then an extream behind. The changes 100at the leadings of thewhole-hunt have an absolute dependency upon the course of the twenty four changes, doubles and singles upon four bells; and the extreams to be made as many ways as in that peal, which are here guided by the motion of the half-hunt.

12345 | Extre.
21435 | 12453
24135 |
21453 | 14235
24153 | 14325
42513 | 13452
45213 | 13542
42531 |
45231 | 15324
54321 | 15234
53421 | 12543
54312 | Extre.
53412 | 12534
35142 |
31542 | 15243
35124 | 15423
31524 | 14532
13254 | 14352
13524 |
15342 | 13425
15432 | 13245
| 12354
14523 | Extre.
14253 | 12345
12435 |

#### Phœnix 5 and 4.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. Every bell leads twice, and lies behind four times. Every single is made in the 2d and 3d places, until the 5th comes behind, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 4th leads, (the 5th being behind) the single is in the 2d and 3d places.

12345 | 54123
21354 | 51423
23154 | 15432
32514 | 14532
35214 | 41352
53241 | 43152
52341 | 34125
25431 | 34215
24531 | 43125
42513 | 41325
45213 |

#### London pleasure. 1 and 2.

This peal in the former printing of it was prickt another way, but I have 101here transposed that Course, which in my opinion renders it more easie and practical.

12345 | 23154 | 35142 | 15432
21345 | 21354 | 35412 |
23145 | 12354 | 35421 | 14532
32145 | 13254 | 53421 | 14523
31245 | 13524 | 53412 | 14253
31425 | 13542 | 53142 | 12453
34125 | 31542 | 51342 |
34215 | 31524 | 15342 | 12435
34251 | 31254 | 15324 | 14235
32451 | 32154 | 15234 | 14325
32415 | 32514 | 12534 | 14352
23415 | 32541 |  |
23451 | 35241 | 12543 | 13452
23541 | 35214 | 15243 | 13425
23514 | 35124 | 15423 | 13245
|  |  | 12345

#### Mr. Tendring’s Peal, call’d Grand Paradox. 1 and 5.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The motion of the whole-hunt is after this manner: first, it moves up into the 2d and 3d places, lying twice in each; then it moves up and makes a dodg behind, and then lieth still one change in the 102 5th place; then it makes another dodg behind, and so moves down into the 3d and 2d places lying twice in each as before, and then leads four times. Every other bell hath a like course and motion with that of the treble until the leadings of the treble, and then observe, that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double change is made on the two first and two last bells, except when it goeth to lead if the half-hunt lies next it, and then not. Every bell leads four times, and every single is made behind. The change wherein each bell leaves leading, is always made on the four first bells, except as before.

12345 | 45321 | 21534 | 43152 | 13524 | 14523
21354 | 45312 | 25143 | 43125 | 13542 |
21345 | 54132 | 25134 | 41352 |  | 13254
23154 | 54123 | 52314 | 41325 | 12453 | 13245
23145 | 51432 | 52341 | 14352 | 12435 | 12354
32415 | 51423 | 53214 | 14325 | 14253 | 12345
32451 | 15243 | 53241 | 13452 | 14235 |
34215 | 15234 | 35421 | 13425 |  |
34251 | 12543 | 35412 |  | 15432 |
43521 | 12534 | 34521 | 15324 | 15423 |
43512 | 21543 | 34512 | 15342 | 14532 |

103

#### What you please, Doubles and Singles.

Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the extream is made behind; and twice in the second place, except when the extream is made before: and note, when the treble is before the fourth stroke, the single is in the 2d and 3d, the next time the single is behind; but at other times the single is in the 3d and 4th places. When any bell leaves leading the double change is on the two first and two last, and the extreams are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six extreams.

12345 | 34521 | 21435 | 45231 | 14352 | 14235
21354 | 34251 | 21345 | 54213 | 14532 | 14325
21534 | 43215 | 23154 | 54123 | 15423 | 13452
25143 | 43125 | 23514 | 51432 | extre. | extre.
25413 | 41352 | 32541 | 51342 | 15432 | 13425
52431 | 41532 | 32451 | 15324 |  |
52341 | 14523 | 34215 | 15234 | 13254 | 12534
53214 | 14253 | 34125 | 12543 | 13524 | 12354
53124 | 12435 | 43152 | extre. | 15342 | 13245
35142 | extre. | 43512 | 15243 | extre. | extre.
35412 | 12453 | 45321 |  | 13542 | 12345

104

#### Old Doubles.
1 and 2.

The changes are all double, except one single every time the treble leads. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath a like hunting course with that of the treble until the treble leads, and then a single is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, the single is behind which is call’d extream.

12345 | 13254 | 51432 | 12453 | 15234 | 14532
21435 | 13524 | 15342 |  |  | 14352
24153 | 31254 | 15432 | 14235 | 12543 |
42513 | 32145 |  | 14325 | extre. | 13425
45231 | 23415 | 14523 |  | 12534 | 13245
54321 | 24351 | 14253 | 13452 |  |
53412 | 42531 |  | 13542 | 15243 | 12354
35142 | 45213 | 12435 |  | 15423 | extre.
31524 | 54123 | extre. | 15324 |  | 12345

#### New Doubles.
1 and 2.

The changes are all double, except one single at every leading of the treble. The 105treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes; and when it moves up from leading, the two first bells dodg untill it comes down again and displaceth them. Every bell that comes into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up behind; but the bell which lies there when the treble leaves leading, moves down. Every bell lies twice behind, except at the changes wherein the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading. Every time the treble leads, a single change is then made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an extream behind.

12345 | 13254 | 51324 | 12453 |  | 14352
21354 | 13524 | 15342 |  | 12543 |
23145 | 31542 | 15432 | 14235 | extre. | 13425
32415 | 35124 |  | 14325 | 12534 | 13245
23451 | 53214 | 14523 |  |  |
32541 | 35241 | 14253 | 13452 | 15243 | 12354
23514 | 53421 |  | 13542 | 15423 | extre.
32154 | 35412 | 12435 |  |  | 12345
31245 | 53142 | extre. | 15324 | 14532 |
|  |  | 15234 |  |

#### Reding Doubles. 1 and 2.

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and when it moves up from leading the two first bells dodg until it 106comes down again and displaceth them; and whilst they dodg before, every bell that comes down into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up again behind. But after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting course up and down, until the dodging again hindreth them as before. Every bell lies twice behind, except when the treble leaves leading if the 2d lies next it, and then the double is made on the two first and two last bells; by which means the two hind-bells then make a dodg, which happens in course once in twenty changes, that is, every second time the treble leaves leading. By this method it will go sixty changes, and then an extream must be made. The extreams in this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule set down in the Introduction. Here the first extream is made at the end of sixty changes, the bells lying 1 3 2; and when they come to lie 107so again, the second extream must be made; the extream is made behind, two of the extream bells lying there, and the single is made in the 2d and 3d place at both the extreams.

12345 | 12534 | 12354
21354 | 21543 |
23145 | 25134 | 13524
32415 | 52314 | 15342
23451 | 25341 |
32541 | 52431 | 14253
23514 | 25413 | 12435
32154 | 52143 |
31245 | 51234 | 14325
13425 | 15324 | 13452
14352 | 13542 |
41532 |  | 15234
45123 | 14235 | 12543
54213 | 12453 |
45231 |  | 15423
54321 | 14523 | 14532
45312 | 15432 |
54132 |  | 13245
51423 | 13254 | extre.
15243 | extre. | 12345

#### Grandsire. 1 and 5.

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath also a like hunting course with that of the treble except when the bobs hinder. The bobs are double changes, and made on the two first and two last bells according to this rule, viz. every time the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, a bob-change is then made, except the 5th lying next it makes a change there with it, and then not. Now ’tis observable, that once in twenty changes, that is, at every second leading of the treble, the 5th lies next it, and consequently there is but one bob-change then to be made, but at other times two; so that at one leading of the treble there is but one bob-change made, at the next leading there are two, and so successively by turns, which for distinction may be call’d single and double bobs, The two bells that dodg behind at a bob continue there 108dodging until the treble comes up and displaceth them, and at every bob-change the bell in the 3d place lieth still, and then moves down to lead. By this method it will go sixty changes; and to carry on the course extreams must be made, there being two in the peal. The manner of making an extream I have at large shewed in the Introduction, and the extreams may here be made in any place according to the general rule there set down. The easiest way in practice is to make them at the leadings of the treble; at any single bob it maybe made behind, two of the extream bells lying there, and to lie still whilst the bells in the 2d and 3d places do make the single change: at any double bob it may be made in the 2d and 3d places, so that the single must there be made behind. 109If the first extream is made at the single bob, the second must be made at the third following single bob; or if the first is made at a double bob, the second must be made at the third double bob following, as in this peal here prickt, where the first extream is made at a double bob, and the second also made at the third following double bob.

12345 | 52143 | 52431
21354 | 51234 | 25341
23145 | 15324 | 23514
32415 | 13542 | 32154
34251 | 31524 | 31245
43521 | 35142 | 13254
45312 | 53412 | extre.
54132 | 54321 | 13245
51423 | 45231 |
15243 | 42513 | 15342
12534 | 24153 | 13524
21543 | 21435 |
25134 | 12453 | 14253
52314 | 14235 | 12435
53241 | 41253 |
35421 | 42135 | 15234
34512 | 24315 | 12543
43152 | 23451 |
41325 | 32541 | 13452
14352 | 35214 | 14325
13425 | 53124 |
31452 | 51342 | 15423
34125 | 15432 | 14532
43215 | 14523 |
42351 | 41532 | 12354
24531 | 45123 | extre.
25413 | 54213 | 12345

This peal will go with any hunts, and to begin it on the four hind bells; but then in ringing it at half-pulls, the first change being made at back-stroke to prevent cutting compass, the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change. Therefore the better way is to begin it on the four first bells, which may also be done with any hunts, excepting 1.3, 1.5. and 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, wherein the first change of each may be a bob. And observe, that in any way of beginning it, the bells must all proceed in such a perfect hunting course as the first change directs them, until the first bob comes to be made.

#### Old Triples and Doubles.

One change is triple, the next double, and so by turns, except one single at the end of every sixty changes. Every triple 110change is made on the two first, the two middle, and two last bells; and every double is made on the four middle bells, except when the hunt leads and then on the four hind bells. Treble is here the hunt, and hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes: the rest of the bells have also a direct hunting course up and down except when the treble leads, and then each bell that was hunting up (except that in the 2d place) makes a dodge with the next bell below it, and then proceeds forward again in its course up; and each bell which at the same time was hunting down, makes a dodg with the next bell above it, and so proceedeth forward in its course down; which method will carry on the peal five courses of the hunt, that is sixty changes as they are here prickt.

In the 120 there is also a half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change must then be made, either in the 3d and 4th, or 5th and 6th places; but observing when the half-hunt comes again to lie next the whole-hunt, another single change must be made in the 111same place where the first was made. These single changes are called extreams, there being two in every sixscore, and the last of them always falls out in course to be made just 60 changes from the first, that is, at the fifth leading of the whole hunt after the first extream.

123456 | 135264 | 156342 | 164523 | 142635
214365 | 312546 | 513624 | 615432 | 416253
241635 | 321456 | 531264 | 651342 | 461523
426153 | 234165 | 352146 | 563124 | 645132
462513 | 243615 | 325416 | 536214 | 654312
645231 | 426351 | 234561 | 352641 | 563421
654321 | 462531 | 243651 | 325461 | 536241
563412 | 645213 | 426315 | 234516 | 352614
536142 | 654123 | 462135 | 243156 | 325164
351624 | 561432 | 641253 | 421365 | 231546
315264 | 516342 | 614523 | 412635 | 213456
132546 | 153624 | 165432 | 146253 | 124365

In the 240 there is also a half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change being then made in the 4th and 5th places, will bring the bells round at twelvescore, there being four singles in the peal, one of which falls in the course at the end of every sixty changes.

In the 720 there is a whole, half, and quarter hunt, and every time the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change must then be made in the 4th and 5th places as in the twelvescore; but when the quarter-hunt lies next the half-hunt, that is, when the three hunts come together before, (which always happen at the end of every twelvescore) then the single must be made behind, which is call’d extream, there being three of them in the peal.

112The sevenscore and four triples and doubles are the same with the former except at the leadings of the treble, and then a single is always made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an extream is made in the 4th and 5th places. This peal is grounded on the twenty four doubles and singles, the four middle bells making them at the leadings of the treble.

#### Grandsire Bob. 1, 2 and 4.

The general method of this peal is the same with that next before, but with this difference; whereas in that peal singles were made at the end of every sixty changes to carry on the course, in this there are double changes made in their stead, which are called Bob-changes, and made when the treble leads in the 2d and 3d and the 5th and 6th places, whereas at other times the double is there made on the four hind bells.

The Practitioner may observe these rules in the ringing of it, viz. whatsoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up, he must follow the same bells again, and in the same order, the next time he hunts down, as in these 113changes here prickt; where the treble in hunting up first follows 2, then 4, and then 6; and when it comes behind, first it follows 2 again, then in its hunting down it follows 4 and 6 in the same order as when it hunted up; which is also observed in the ringing of any other bell, but with this difference betwixt the whole-hunt and the rest of the bells, viz. Every time the whole-hunt leaves the treble’s place and hunts up, it followeth different bells from what it did in its former hunting up, as may be seen in this example: where in its first hunting up it first follows 2, then 4, then 6; whereas in the next hunting up it first follows 3, then 2, then 4. But the first time any other bell leads after a bob, whatsoever bells it then follows in its hunting up, it follows the same bells likewise and in the same order every time it hunts up, and consequently every time it hunts down unto the next bob; as in this example, where 2 in its first hunting up, first follows 4, then 6, then 5, and likewise when it next hunts up it follows 465 as before, &c. But when the whole-hunt is the second bell which he follows in hunting up, 114he must follow it again when he next lies behind.

123456
214365
241635
426153
462513
645231
654321
563412
536142
351624
315264
132546
135264
312546
321456
234165
243615
426351
462531
645213

’Tis observable, that at every leading of the treble the two hind bells dodg; and whensoever the half-hunt dodgeth there, a bob must then be made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not; which is an infallible rule, by which he that rings the half-hunt may always give notice of the bobs as well when the peal is inverted, as in the ordinary way of ringing it. The bobs fall out in course single and double, the one single, the next double; and so by turns; there being three single bobs and three double bobs in the eighteenscore, and consequently six of each in the 720.

The aforesaid method being observed, will carry on the course of the peal to the end of eighteenscore, which is just half the 720, and then it terminates, as appears in the eighteenscore here prickt: but by making an extream that number may be doubled; for then eighteenscore changes more will go in course according to the former method; and another extream being likewise made at the end of the last eighteenscore will compleat the 720. The manner of making an extream I have shewed at large in the Introduction, page 90. where I have also set down a general rule 115for making them, to which I refer.

The first extream may be made either the first, second, or third time that the half and quarter hunts dodg behind; or else at the first, second, or third single bob; at either of which places the single must be made behind.

132546 | 165432 | 132465 | 421536 | 142563
123456 | bob. | 134256 | 412356 |
214365 | 156423 | 312465 | 143265 | 124653
241635 | 514632 | 321645 | 142356 | 126435
426153 | 453126 | 236154 | bob. |
462513 | 435216 | 263514 |  | 162345
645231 | 342561 | 625341 | 124536 | 163254
654321 | 324651 | 652431 | 125463 |
563412 | 236415 | 564213 |  | 136524
536142 | 263145 | 546123 | 152643 | 135642
351624 | 621354 | 451632 | 156234 |
315264 | 612534 | 415362 |  | 153462
135264 | 165243 | 461235 | 165324 | bob.
312546 | 162534 | 143526 | 163542 | 135426
321456 | 615243 | bob. |  |
234165 | 651423 | 134562 | 136452 | 153246
243615 | 564132 | 315426 | 163425 | 152364
426351 | 546312 | 351246 |  |
462531 | 453621 | 532164 | 136245 | 125634
645213 | 435261 | 523614 | 132654 | 126543
654123 | 546321 | 256341 |  |
561432 | 342516 | 265431 | 123564 | 162453
516342 | 324156 | 624513 | 125346 | 164235
153624 | 231465 | 642153 |  |
156342 | 213645 | 416325 | 152436 | 146325
513624 | 126354 | 143652 | 154263 | bob.
531264 | 123645 | bob. |  | 164352
352146 | 216354 | 134625 | 145623 |
541362 | 261534 | 316452 | bob. | 146532
325416 | 625143 | 361542 | 154632 | bob.
234561 | 652413 | 635124 |  | 164523
243651 | 564231 | 653214 | 145362 |
426315 | 453612 | 562341 | bob. | 146253
462135 | 435162 | 526431 | 154326 | 142635
641253 | 341526 | 254613 |  |
614523 | 314256 | 245163 | 145236 | 124365

116Here are eighteenscore changes wanting one, which one if it were made double as the former, would bring the bells round, therefore an extream must be made as in this change 123465, the two hind bells making the extream, and the bells in the 3d and 4th places making the single. Now in regard that this extream is made the second time the whole-hunt leads after a double bob, therefore the second extream must be made the second time the whole-hunt leads after the third double bob following.

This peal may be rung with any hunts, and to begin the changes triple and double as in this here prickt.

117

## Fifty three London-Peals
upon Five, Six, Seven, and Eight
Bells, composed by F.S.

### Crambo.

The changes are all single; it hath a perfect course, and may be prickt many ways.

12345 | 45312 | 23514 | 35142 | 13254 | 41325
21345 | 54312 | 32514 | 35124 | 13245 | 14325
21435 | 54132 | 32154 | 53124 | 31245 | 14352
24135 | 45132 | 23154 | 51324 | 31425 | 14532
24153 | 45123 | 23145 | 51342 | 13425 | 41532
42153 | 54123 | 32145 | 15342 | 13452 | 41523
42135 | 54213 | 32415 | 15432 | 31452 | 14523
42315 | 52413 | 23415 | 51432 | 34152 | 14253
24315 | 52431 | 23451 | 51423 | 34125 | 41253
24351 | 25431 | 32451 | 15423 | 43125 | 41235
42351 | 25413 | 32541 | 15243 | 43215 | 14235
42531 | 25143 | 35241 | 51243 | 34215 | 12435
24531 | 52143 | 35214 | 51234 | 34251 | 21453
24513 | 52134 | 53214 | 15234 | 43251 | 12453
42513 | 25134 | 53241 | 15324 | 43521 | 21543
45213 | 25314 | 53421 | 13524 | 34521 | 12543
45231 | 52314 | 35421 | 13542 | 34512 | 12534
54231 | 52341 | 35412 | 31542 | 43512 | 21534
54321 | 25341 | 53412 | 31524 | 43152 | 21354
45321 | 23541 | 53142 | 31254 | 41352 | 12354
|  |  |  |  | 12345

118

### The Primrose. 1 and 2.

The treble hath a perfect course as in plain changes. And when it hunts up out of the 2d place it makes two singles together, and the like when it hunteth down. When it leads, the single is in the 3d and 4th places, except when 2 lies next it, and then an extream behind. Every bell (except the treble) leads four times, and lies still behind untill the treble displaceth it, except at the extream.

12345 | 51432 | 15234
21435 | 15342 |
24135 | 15432 | 12543
24315 |  | Extre.
23451 | 14523 | 12534
32541 | 14253 |
35214 |  | 15243
35124 | 12435 | 15423
31524 | Extre. |
13254 | 12453 | 14532
13524 |  | 14352
31254 | 14235 |
32154 | 14325 | 13425
32514 |  | 13245
35241 | 13452 |
53421 | 13542 | 12354
54312 |  | Extre.
54132 | 15324 | 12345

119

### Orpheus.

12345 | 14253 | 34125 | 54312 | 32541 | 52134
13254 | 41523 | 43152 | 53421 | 23514 | 51243
13245 | 41532 | 43125 | 53412 | 23541 | 51234
31254 | 45123 | 34215 | 35421 | 25314 | 15243
31245 | 45132 | 34251 | 35412 | 25341 | 15234
32154 | 54123 | 32415 | 53142 | 52314 | 12543
32145 | 54132 | 32451 | 53124 | 52341 | 12534
23154 | 51423 | 23415 | 51342 | 25431 | 21543
23145 | 51432 | 23451 | 51324 | 25413 | 21534
21354 | 15423 | 24315 | 15342 | 24531 | 12354
21345 | 15432 | 24351 | 15324 | 24513 | 12345
12435 | 14523 | 42315 | 13542 | 42531 |
12453 | 14532 | 42351 | 13524 | 42513 |
21435 | 41352 | 43215 | 31542 | 45231 |
21453 | 41325 | 43251 | 31524 | 45213 |
24135 | 14352 | 34521 | 35142 | 54231 |
24153 | 14325 | 34512 | 35124 | 54213 |
42135 | 13452 | 43521 | 53214 | 52431 |
42153 | 13425 | 43512 | 53241 | 52413 |
41235 | 31452 | 45321 | 35214 | 25143 |
41253 | 31425 | 45312 | 35241 | 25134 |
14235 | 34152 | 54321 | 32514 | 52143 |

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns.

120

### New Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes, and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the change is double on the two first and two last bells, the rest of the double changes are on the four first. The treble is one of the two bells that makes every single change except when it leads, and then the single is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the 1, then an extream is made behind. When the treble leaves the two first bells, they continue slow dogding until treble comes down and displaceth them. Every bell (except the treble) lieth twice in the 3d place.

12345 | 51324 | 15234
21354 | 15342 |
23154 | 15432 | 12543
32514 |  | Extre.
32541 | 14523 | 12534
23451 | 14253 |
23415 |  | 15243
32145 | 12435 | 15423
31245 | Extre. |
13254 | 12453 | 14532
13524 |  | 14352
31542 | 14235 |
35142 | 14325 | 13425
53412 |  | 13245
53421 | 13452 |
35241 | 13542 | 12354
35214 |  | Extre.
53124 | 15324 | 12345

121

### The Morning Star. 1 and 2.

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes; and every time it hunts up, it makes two singles together, and the like when it hunts down: when it leads the single is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places. Every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, and every bell except the treble leads four times together.

12345 | 51432 | 14523 | 15243 |
21354 | 54132 | 14532 |  | 14253
23154 | 54312 |  | 13425 | 14235
23514 | 53421 | 12354 | 13452 |
25341 | 35241 | extre. |  | 15324
52431 | 32514 | 12534 | 12543 | 15342
54213 | 32154 |  | extre. |
54123 | 31254 | 14352 | 12453 | 12435
51423 | 13245 | 14325 |  | extre.
15432 | 13254 |  | 13542 | 12345
15423 |  | 15234 | 13524 |

122

### The Quirister. 1 and 2.

This peal consists most of double changes; the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a single in the 3d and 4th places; and when it leads, the single is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places.

12345 | 32514 | 15234
21354 | 35241 | 15243
23145 | 53421 |
23415 | 54312 | 14352
24351 | 54132 | 14325
42531 | 51423 |
45213 | 15432 | 12543
45123 | 15423 | extre.
41532 | 51432 | 12453
14523 | 54123 |
14532 | 54213 | 15324
41523 | 52431 | 15342
45132 | 25341 |
45312 | 23514 | 14253
43521 | 23154 | 14235
34251 | 21345 |
32415 | 12354 | 13542
32145 | extre. | 13524
31254 | 12534 |
13245 |  | 12435
13254 | 13425 | extre.
31245 | 13452 | 12345
32154 |  |

When the treble leaves the two hind bells, they continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them, and then they hunt directly down; the first to lead, and the other into the 2d place: that which moves to lead, having lead four times, gives place to the treble; but 123when the Treble hath done leading it takes the treble’s place again, and leads four times more and then hunts directly up; the other bell which moved down into the 2d place lies there twice, and then the Treble in hunting down moves it into the 3d place where it lies still, untill the Treble in hunting up moves it back into the 2d place, where having lain twice it hunteth up. This Peal is as musical, easie, and practical as any of this kind that ever was prickt.

### The Faulcon. 1 and 2.

This Peal consists most of double changes. The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a single in the 3d and 4th places, and when it leads a single is also made there, but when 2 lies next it the extream is made behind. When the treble leaves the two first bells they continue there until it comes down again and displaceth them, but observe, when the treble moves into the 5th place, and again from thence, the double is on the two first and two last bells, by means of which the two first bells then 124dodg, but before and after they lie still. Every bell lies twice in the 3d place and then hunts up, except that which lies there when the treble leaves leading.

12345 | 53241 |  | 15243
21354 | 35421 | 14235 | 15423
23145 | 53412 | 14325 |
23415 | 53142 |  | 14532
32451 | 51324 | 13452 | 14352
23541 | 15342 | 13542 |
32514 | 15432 |  | 13425
32154 |  | 15324 | 13245
31245 | 14523 | 15234 |
13254 | 14253 |  | 12354
13524 |  | 12543 | extre.
31542 | 12435 | extre. | 12345
35124 | extre. | 12534 |
35214 | 12453 |  |

### Merry Andrew.
1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place. Every other bell leads 125four times. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells, they continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them. Every single is made behind until the treble hinders, and then in the 2d and 3d places. When the treble leads and the 2d lies next it, then an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places.

When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double in on the four first.

12345 | 51423 | 23514 | 15243
21354 | 15432 | 32154 | 15234
21345 | 15423 | 32145 | 12543
23154 | 14532 | 31254 | extre.
23145 | 14523 | 31245 | 12453
32415 | 41532 | 13254 |
34215 | 41523 | 13245 | 13542
32451 | 45132 | 12354 | 13524
34251 | 45123 | extre. | 15342
43521 | 54213 | 12534 | 15324
45321 | 52413 |  |
43512 | 54231 | 14352 | 14235
45312 | 52431 | 14325 | 14253
54132 | 25341 | 13452 | 12435
54123 | 23541 | 13425 | extre.
51432 | 25314 |  | 12345

126

### May-day. 1 and 5.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells; and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the four first.

The treble hath a constant dodging course, for in its hunting up it first makes a dodg in the second and third places, and then another behind, and then it lies still one change in the 5th place; then in its hunting down it makes another dodg behind, and also another in the 2d and 3d places, and then leads four times. So that the treble in one of the two bells that makes every single until it leads, and then ’tis made in the 2d and 3d 127places, except when the 5th lies behind, and then an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells they continue slow dodging, until it comes up again and displaceth them. Every bell leads four times.

12345 | 45132 | 12543
21354 | 41523 | 15234
23154 | 45123 | 12534
21345 | 54213 |
23145 | 54231 | 14352
32415 | 52413 | 13452
32451 | 52431 | 14325
34215 | 25341 | Extre.
34251 | 25314 | 14235
43521 | 23541 |
43512 | 23514 | 15324
45321 | 32154 | 13524
45312 | 31254 | 15342
54132 | 32145 | 13542
51432 | 31245 |
54123 | 13254 | 12453
51423 | 12354 | 14253
15432 | 13245 | 12435
14532 | Extre. | Extre.
15423 | 13425 | 12345
14523 |  |
41532 | 15243 |

### St. Dunstan’s Doubles. 1 and 2.

The changes are all double except one single every 2d time the treble leads, there being six in the peal. The treble is a perfect hunt; and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is made on the two first and two last bells, at which changes the bells in the 3d place lie still and then move down, and the two hind-bells at the same time dodg: but at other times all the bells have a direct hunting 128course. When the treble leads, and the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, then a single must always be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the 2d.

12345 | 13245 | 12453
21354 |  |
23145 | 15423 | 13542
32415 | 14532 | 15324
34251 |  |
43521 | 12354 | 14235
45312 | extre. | single.
54132 | 12534 | 14253
51423 |  |
15432 | 14352 | 13524
14523 | 13425 | 15342
41532 |  |
45123 | 15243 | 12435
54213 | single. | Extre.
52431 | 15234 | 12345
25341 |  |
23514 | 14325 |
32154 | 13452 |
31245 |  |
13254 | 12543 |
single. | extre. |

### Church Doubles. 1 and 2.

The changes are all double except six singles as the former. The treble is a perfect hunt; and every time it moves up into the 5th place, and also out of it, the double is then made on the two first and two last bells, at which time the bells in the 3d place do lie still and then move up; and the two first bells at the same time dodg. When the treble leads, and the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, then a single must always be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the 2d.

12345 | 13254 | 14325
21435 | single. |
24153 | 13245 | 12543
42513 |  | Extre.
24531 | 14532 | 12453
42351 | 15423 |
24315 |  | 15324
42135 | 12354 | 13542
41253 | Extre. |
14523 | 12534 | 14235
15432 |  | single.
51342 | 13425 | 14253
53124 | 14352 |
35214 |  | 15342
53241 | 15243 | 13524
35421 | single. |
53412 | 15234 | 12435
35142 |  | Extre.
31524 | 13452 | 12345

In this and the former peal the singles may 129be made in another manner, viz. when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lieth either in the 4th or 5th places, a single must then be made betwixt the two next bells to the half-hunt; but at other times a double change to be made when the whole-hunt leads, as in the former way.

### Stedman’s Principle.

The changes are all double, two singles excepted. One double is made on the two first and two last bells, the next on the four last, and so by turns successively; excepting every sixth change, which is double on the four first bells, and for distinction is called a Parting change. All the bells have a like course. The general method is this; the three first bells go the six changes, and the two hind-bells in the mean time dodg; then a Parting change is made which parts the two hind-bells, moving that in the fourth place down into the 3d, and that in the 3d place up into the 4th, and then the three first bells go the six again, the two hind-bells in in the mean time dodging as before; and then another Parting change is made, and so successively on. Every bell that comes behind 130continues there dodging six changes with one bell and six with another, and then in course the Parting change brings it down. One six cuts compass, the next doth not, and so by turns successively. In the six which cut compass the two first bells of the three makes the first change of it, but in the other the two last of the three. By this method the peal will go sixty changes, and to carry it on farther extreams must be made. An extream is made by the lying still of two bells when in course they should make a change, as before I have shewed more fully in the Introduction, page 90. but withall observing, that whereas in this peal the bells have all a like course, therefore they may all be termed extream bells, and consequently the extreams to be made according to this general rule, viz. the first extream may be made by any two bells that are in course to make a change within the compass of the first sixty changes of the peal; and the second extream must be made according to this rule. Whatsoever two bells are dodging behind at the first extream, when the same two bells come to dodg there again, is a certain warning for the second extream to be then made. And observe, how many changes the first extream is made from a parting change; so many likewise must the last 131 extream be made after a Parting change also. And the single and extream comes in course each of them to be made in the same place 132and by the same bells at the last extream, as they were at the first. Here the singles are made behind, and the extreams in the 2d and 3d places; and as the 4th and 5th bells do dodg behind at the first extream, so likewise when they come to dodg there again, the second extream is then made, the treble leading at both of them, as appeareth in the peal here prickt.

12345 | 42135 | 52431 | 24513 | 51324
21354 | 41253 | 25341 | 42153 | 15342
23145 | 14523 | 52314 | 24135 | 13524
32415 | 41532 | 53241 | 21453 | 31542
23451 | 45123 | 35214 | 12435 | 35124
24315 | 54132 | 32541 | 14253 | 53142
42351 | 51423 | 23514 | 41235 | 35412
43215 | 15432 | 32154 | 14325 | 34521
34251 | 51342 | 31245 | 13452 | 43512
43521 | 53124 | 13254 | 31425 | 45321
45312 | 35142 | extre. | 34152 | 54312
54321 | 31524 | 13245 | 43125 | 53421
53412 | 13542 | 31254 | 41352 | 35241
35421 | 15324 | 32145 | 14532 | 53214
34512 | 51234 | 23415 | 41523 | 52341
43152 | 15243 | 32451 | 45132 | 25314
34125 | 12534 | 34215 | 54123 | 23541
31452 | 21543 | 43251 | 51432 | 32514
13425 | 25134 | 42315 | 15423 | 23154
14352 | 52143 | 24351 | 51243 | 21345
41325 | 25413 | 42531 | 52134 | 12354
14235 | 24531 | 45213 | 25143 | extre.
12453 | 42513 | 54231 | 21534 | 12345
21435 | 45231 | 52413 | 12543 |
24153 | 54213 | 25431 | 15234 |

The first Parting change is here made the third change at the beginning, and that six cuts compass.

In all the several ways of ringing this peal, if the Parting changes are made at the fore-stroke, as in course they are in this here prickt, then cutting compass is always on the same sixes, as in this peal: but when the Parting changes are made at back-stroke, then the contrary six always cuts compass to what doth here.

133

### Peals upon Six Bells.

#### The single Method.

The changes are all single, and treble is the hunt. When the treble moves up out of the 2d place, the two first bells continue slow dodging untill the treble comes there again. And when the treble moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells likewise continue slow dodging until the treble comes there again. When the treble leads, (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) the fore-stroke change (that is, at the third stroke of the treble’s leading) is made in the 3d and 4th places, the rest of the changes there are made behind. 134By this method it will go sixscore changes.

123456 | 135264 | 164253
213456 |  | 164235
213465 | 153642 |
231465 | 153624 | 146352
231456 |  | 146325
321456 | 135624 |
324156 | 135642 | 164325
234156 |  | 164352
234516 | 153426 |
324516 | 153462 | 146523
324561 |  | 146532
234561 | 135462 |
235461 | 135426 | 164532
325461 |  | 164523
325416 | 153264 |
235416 | 153246 | 146235
235146 | 152346 | 146253
325146 | 152364 | 142653
321546 |  | 142635
312546 | 125643 |
312564 | 125634 | 124356
132564 | 126534 | 124365
132546 | 126543 | 123465
135246 |  | 123456
| 162435 |
| 162453 |

To ring 240. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth behind; the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places, as in this here prickt, where the 2d is the half-hunt and there are little marks set at the fore-stroke changes.

To ring 360. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half and quarter-hunts dodg behind, the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places as before.

To ring 720. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth behind, the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places as before, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with the half-hunt, and then in the 3d and 4th places as at other times. The 2d an 4th, or the 2d and 6th may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

“Note, in all the following peals upon six bells, the bobs are double changes, and always made at the leadings of the whole hunt (except No-nsuch Bob, for there the Bobs are made at the change wherein the whole-hunt goeth to lead, and not when it doth lead.) And whereas in the following 135peals the directions for calling bob runs thus; viz. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a Bob must then be made, &c. ’tis there implied, That whereas every time the whole-hunt leads, the two hind-bells then dodg; therefore when the half-hunt dodgeth there at the leading of the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made. And in like manner also must all the bobs in the following peals be made at the leading of the whole-hunt. He that rings the half-hunt may best call bob in all peals.”

#### A Cure for Melancholly.

Doubles and Singles. The Treble is the whole-hunt which leads four times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the fourth place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue dodging until it comes down there again, and then the two hind-bells dodg until the Treble displaceth them. The Treble is one of the bells which maketh every double change, except when it lieth still behind, and then the double is on the four first, and also when it leads the double is 136on the four last. Every single is made in the fifth and sixth places, except when the Treble lieth there, and then in the third and fourth places. Every bell except the Treble lieth four times in the second place. By this method it will go sixscore changes, but by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still.

123456 | 134625
213465 |
213456 | 162345
231465 | 162354
231456 | 163245
234165 | 163254
234156 |
243516 | 125634
245316 | 125643
243561 | 126534
245361 | 126543
423561 |
425361 | 154263
423516 | 154236
425316 | 152463
452136 | 152436
452163 |
451236 | 143526
451263 | 143562
415236 | bob
415263 | 134526
145236 | 134562
145263 |
142536 | 156423
142563 | 156432
| bob
156423 | 165423
156432 | 165432
bob |
165423 | 132654
165432 | 132645
| 136254
143652 | 136245
143625 |
bob | 124365
134652 | 124356
| 123465
| 123456

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made.

To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

1372 may be the half hunt, and 4 the quarter hunt, or others at pleasure.

#### The Morning Exercise.

Doubles and singles. The treble is the whole hunt, and hunteth up into the 2d, 3d and 4th places, lying twice in each; then having made a dodg behind, it lyeth still in the sixth place, and then makes another dodg behind, and so hunts down in the same manner as it hunted up, and then leads four times. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodge untill it comes up there again; during which time the bell in the 4th place lieth still. And when the Treble moves 138up out of the second place, each bell that comes there lieth four times, until the Treble comes down there again. Every single is made behind. By this method it will go 120 changes; and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 270. At the bobs the bell in the 2d place always lieth still.

123456 |  | 142365
213465 | 164352 | 142356
213456 | 164325 |
231465 | bob | 146532
231456 | 163452 | 146523
234165 | 163425 | bob
234156 |  | 145632
243516 | 165243 | 145623
243561 | 165234 |
245316 | 156243 | 143265
245361 | 156234 | 143256
254631 |  | 134265
254613 | 154326 | 134256
256431 | 154362 |
256413 | bob | 136524
265143 | 153426 | 136542
265134 | 153462 | bob
261543 |  | 135624
261534 | 152643 | 135642
216543 | 152634 |
216534 | 125643 | 132465
126543 | 125634 | 132456
126534 |  | 123465
162543 | 124365 | 123456
162534 | 124356 |

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

The warning for the bobs in the 360 and 720, is the same with that in the peal next before: 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

#### The City Delight.

Doubles and Singles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and lieth four times before, four times behind, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the third place, the singles are made in the second and third places until it comes there again, and then behind until it moves up again out of the third place. When it moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes up there again, during which time the 139bell in the fourth place lieth still. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the second place always lieth still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the two last peals. In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

123456 | 265143 | 153462 | 126534 | 143256
213465 | 256143 |  | 126543 | 134265
213456 | 251634 | 156234 |  | 134256
231465 | 251643 | 156243 | 124365 |
231456 | 215634 | 165234 | 124356 | 135642
234165 | 215643 | 165243 | 142365 | 135624
243165 | 125634 |  | 142356 | bob
234165 | 125643 | 164352 |  | 136542
243615 | 152634 | 164325 | 145623 | 136524
246351 | 152643 | bob | 145632 |
264351 |  | 163452 | bob | 132465
246531 | 154326 | 163425 | 146523 | 132456
264531 | 154362 |  | 146532 | 123465
265413 | bob | 162534 |  | 123456
256413 | 153426 | 162543 | 143265 |

#### London Nightingale.

Doubles and Singles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and lieth four times before, four 140times behind and twice in every other place. When it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells continue dodging until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. And when the two hind-bells leave dodging then the two first bells dodg until the hind-bells dodg again, and then they cease. By this method it will go 120; and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the second place always lyeth still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the preceding peals. In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts or others at pleasure.

123456 |  | 163245
213465 | 126543 | 163254
213456 | 126534 |
231465 | 162543 | 125634
231456 | 162534 | 125643
234165 |  | 152634
234156 | 153624 | 152643
243516 | 153642 |
423516 | bob | 164523
243561 | 156324 | 164532
423561 | 156342 | bob
245361 |  | 165423
425361 | 134562 | 165432
245316 | 134526 |
425316 | bob | 143652
452136 | 135462 | 143625
452163 | 135426 | bob
451236 |  | 146352
451263 | 142356 | 146325
415236 | 142365 |
415263 | 124356 | 132465
145236 | 124365 | 132456
145263 |  | 123465
154236 | 136245 | 123456
154263 | 136254 |

141

#### The Evening Delight.

Doubles and Singles. Treble is the whole-hunt and leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place, except in the 2d and 3d places where it makes a dodg every time it hunts up and down. Every other bell hath the same course with the whole-hunt; but observing, when they come down and have made a dodg in the second and third places, they lie still one change in the second place, and then make another dodg there, and so hunt up as the Treble did. But note, when the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the bells in the third and fourth places lie still. Every single is made in the second and third places, and every bell lieth four times behind. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bob-change, the bell in the 4th place always lieth still.

123456 |  | 153642
213465 | 146253 | 135642
231465 | 164253 |
213645 | bob | 136524
231645 | 146235 | 163524
236154 | 164235 | bob
263154 |  | 136524
236514 | 162453 | 163542
263514 | 126453 |
265341 | bob | 165324
256341 | 162435 | 156324
265431 | 126435 | bob
256431 |  | 165342
254613 | 124653 | 156342
245613 | 142653 |
254163 | 124563 | 153624
245163 | 142563 | 135624
241536 |  | 153264
214536 | 145236 | 135264
241356 | 154236 |
214356 | 145326 | 132546
124365 | 154326 | 123546
142365 |  | 132456
124635 | 153462 | 123456
142635 | 135462 |

142To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the second and third places a bob must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 6 is the half-hunt.

To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together in the second and third places, a bob must then be made.

To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the 2d and 3d places a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 360 or 720, the 6 and 5 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or else 2 and 4, or others at pleasure.

#### Colledge Doubles.

Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again; during which 143time the bell in the fourth place lieth still: but otherwise the five hind-bells have a direct hunting course. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still.

123456 | 156234
213465 | 165243
231456 |
234165 | 164352
243615 | bob
246351 | 163425
264531 |
265413 | 162534
256143 | 126543
251634 |
215643 | 124365
125634 | 142356
152643 |
512634 | 145623
521643 | bob
526134 | 146532
562314 |
563241 | 143265
536421 | 134256
534612 |
543162 | 135642
541326 | bob
514362 | 136524
154326 |
bob | 132465
153462 | 123456

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made; as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind, a bob must then be made.

To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the 144 half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

By making of two extreams the 360 may be doubled. They are to be made according to the rules in the Introduction, page 90.

#### Non-such Bob.

Doubles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves up out of the third place, the bell that comes there lieth still until the Treble comes down there again; during which time the two first bells dodg. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they dodg until the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, and then one of them moves down; but as soon as that change is made, the two hind-bells dodg again until the Treble moves up and parts them. Every time the Treble leads, the double is made on the four hind-bells throughout the peal. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. The bob is always made at the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, the two first and two last bells making it.

123456 | 532641 | 165324 | 543162
213465 | 352614 | 163542 | 453612
231456 | 532164 | 613524 | 543621
234165 | 531246 | 631542 | 453261
324615 | 513264 | 635124 | 543216
234651 | 153624 | 365214 | 453126
324561 | 156342 | 635241 | 451362
234516 | 516324 | 365421 | 415326
324156 | 561342 | 635412 | 145236
321465 | 563124 | 365142 | 142563
312456 | 653214 | 361524 | 412536
132546 | 563241 | 316542 | 421563
135264 | 653421 | bob | 425136
315246 | 563412 | 136524 | 245316
351264 | 653142 | 135642 | 425361
352146 | 651324 | 315624 | 245631
532416 | 615342 | 351642 | 425613
352461 | bob | 356124 | 245163
|  | 536214 | 241536
|  | 356241 | 214563
|  | 536421 | 124653
|  | 356412 | 126435
|  | 536142 | 216453
|  | 531624 | 261435
|  | 513642 | 264153
|  | 153462 | 624513
|  | 154326 | 264531
|  | 514362 | 624351
|  | 541326 | 264315
|  |  | 624135
|  |  | 621453
|  |  | 612435
|  |  | bob
|  |  | 162453
|  |  | 164235
|  |  | 614253
|  |  | 641235
|  |  | 642153
|  |  | 462513
|  |  | &c.

145To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the whole-hunt goeth to lead; as in this here prickt, where 6 is the half-hunt.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together before, is a warning for a bob to be made when next the Treble goeth to lead.

To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the Treble goeth to lead, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

146In the 180 and 360, the 6 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

By making of two extreams the 360 may be doubled; they must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

The bobs in this peal may also be made at the leadings of the whole-hunt as in other peals, and the bell in the fourth place to lie still at every bob-change. The warning for them in the 120, 180, and 360 being the same with that in the Colledge Doubles, page 143.

### London Doubles.

The Treble is the whole-hunt; and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. When the Treble is behind, the two first bells make a change; but at other times 147the leading bell lieth still. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and 360, is the same with that in Colledge Doubles, p. 143. By making of two extreams it will go 720. The extreams must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

In the 120 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 and 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

123456 | 541263 | 156342 |
213465 | 542136 |  | 164523
231456 | 524316 | 134562 | bob
234165 | 523461 | bob | 165432
243615 | 253641 | 135426 |
246351 | 256314 |  | 143652
426531 | 265134 | 142356 | bob
425613 | 261543 | 124365 | 146325
452163 | 216534 |  |
451236 | 126543 | 136245 | 132465
415263 | 162534 | 163254 | 123456
145236 |  |  |
154263 | 153624 | 125634 |
514236 | bob | 152643 |

148

#### Triples, Doubles, and Singles.

123456 | 153462
214365 | bob
241635 | 135426
246135 |
264315 | 153246
623451 | 152364
632541 |
365214 | 125634
356124 | 126543
351624 |
315264 | 162453
132546 | 164235
135264 |
312546 | 146325
321456 | bob
324156 | 164352
342516 |
435261 | 146532
453621 | bob
546312 | 164523
564132 |
561432 | 146253
516342 | 142635
153624 |
bob | 124365
135642 | 123456

#### Triples, Doubles, and Singles dodging behind.

123456 | 162345
214365 | 126354
241356 |
243156 | 156423
234516 | bob
325461 | 154632
352641 |
536214 | 134256
563124 | 143265
561324 |
516342 | 163542
153624 | 136524
135642 |
316524 | 126435
361542 | bob
365142 | 124653
356412 |
534621 | 154326
543261 | 145362
452316 |
425136 | 165243
421536 | bob
412563 | 162534
145236 |
bob | 132465
142563 | 123456

149

#### Doubles, and Triples.

123456 | 152364
214365 | 125346
241356 |
243165 | 165432
234615 | bob
326451 | 164523
362541 |
635214 | 134256
653124 | 143265
651342 |
615324 | 153624
163542 | 135642
136524 |
315642 | 125463
351624 | bob
356142 | 124536
365412 |
634521 | 164352
643251 | 146325
462315 |
426135 | 156234
421653 | bob
412635 | 152643
146253 |
bob | 132465
142635 | 123456

#### Single Bob.

123456 | 134562
214365 | 135426
241635 |
426153 | 125634
462513 | bob
645231 | 152643
462531 |
645213 | 142356
654123 | 143265
561432 |
516342 | 163542
153624 | 165324
156342 |
513624 | 125463
531264 | bob
352146 | 152436
325416 |
234561 | 132654
325461 | 136245
234516 |
243156 | 146532
421365 | bob
412635 | 164523
146253 |
bob | 124365
164235 | 123456

150

#### London Bob.

123456 |
214365 | 162534
241356 | 126543
423165 |
432615 | 145623
346251 | bob
436521 | 146532
345612 |
354162 | 135642
531426 | bob
513462 | 136524
154326 |
bob | 125634
153462 | 152643
164352 | 146253
bob | 164235
163425 |
| 132465
124365 | 123456
142356 |
153246 |
135264 |

#### City Bob.

123456 | 163425
214365 | bob
241635 | 136452
426153 |
462513 | 163254
645231 | 162345
465321 |
643512 | 126543
634152 | 125634
361425 |
316245 | 152436
132654 | 154263
136245 |
312654 | 145362
321564 | bob
235146 | 154326
253416 |
524361 | 145623
254631 | bob
526413 | 154632
562143 |
651234 | 145236
615324 | 142563
163542 |
bob | 124365
136524 | 123456

151These six peals will each of them go sixty changes without any bob, and by making of bobs each of them will go 120, 180, and 360. In three of them, viz. Triples Doubles and Singles, Single bob, and City bob, at the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place always lyeth still; whereas at the rest of the changes which are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in the second place lieth still. And in the other three peals, viz. Triples doubles and singles dodging behind, Doubles and Triples, and London Bob, at the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still, whereas at the rest of the changes that are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and 360, in each of these six peals is the same with that in the 120, 180, and 360 in Colledge Doubles, p. 143. Each of these peals will go 720 with two extreams, which must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

In the 120 of each there prickt, viz., in City Bob, London Bob, and Triples doubles and singles, the 2 is the half-hunt, and in the other three peals the 3 is the half-hunt.

In the 180 and 360 of each peal, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

152

#### New Bob.

Triples and Doubles. The general method of this Peal is the same with Grandsire Bob, and the bobs also made as in that peal. It will go 120, 180, or 240, and by making of two extreams it will go 360 or 480; and with six singles it will go 720.

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind, a bob must then be made; and by making of two extreams it will go 360. The first extream may be made at the first, second, or third bob; observing to make the second extream at the third following bob from the first extream, where the singles in both must be made behind.

To ring 720. The bobs throughout the peal are made by the same rule as in the 120, but farther observing, when the whole and half-hunts come together before, if the quarter-hunt lieth either in the third or fourth places, then a single must be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the quarter-hunt.

The 2 may be the half-hunt and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

153

#### Colledge Little Bob, dodging behind.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. All the bells have a direct hunting course, but observing, that when any bell moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is then any where below it, it lies there twice, and then moves down again. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the second place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in Colledge Doubles, page 143. And the two extreams in the 720 must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

123456 | 162345
214365 | 126354
241356 |
423165 | 156423
432615 | bob
346251 | 154632
364521 |
635412 | 134256
653142 | 143265
561324 |
516342 | 163542
153624 | 136524
135642 |
316524 | 126435
361542 | bob
635124 | 124653
653214 |
562341 | 154326
526431 | 145362
254613 |
245163 | 165243
421536 | bob
412563 | 162534
145236 |
bob | 132465
142563 | 123456

154In the 120 here prickt, 3 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

This peal in practice will be found very plain and easie, and also good Musick.

#### Colledge Little Bob, dodging before and behind.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble hath a direct hunting course, and when it moves up out of the second place, the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and also when it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell that moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is any where below it, lies there twice and then hunts down; and also every bell that moves down into the third place, if the Treble is any where above it, lieth there twice, and then hunts up behind. By this method it will go sixty 155changes, and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the second place lieth still. The 2 is the half-hunt in the 120 here prickt, and 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts in the 120 and 360, or others at pleasure.

123456 | bob
214365 | 156342
241356 |
423165 | 134562
243615 | bob
426351 | 135426
246531 |
425613 | 142356
245163 | 124365
421536 |
412563 | 136245
145236 | 163254
154263 |
512436 | 125634
521463 | 152643
254136 |
524316 | 164523
253461 | bob
523641 | 165432
256314 |
526134 | 143652
251643 | bob
215634 | 146325
126543 |
162534 | 132465
| 123456
153624 |

The warning for the bobs is the same with that in the Colledge Doubles, p. 143. And the two extreams in the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90.

#### Court Bob.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble hath a direct hunting course. Every bell that comes before and behind makes a Dodg, then lieth still, and so moves away, except the bell that lieth still behind when the treble leads, and also that bell which leads when the Treble lieth behind, both which do dodg before and after their lying still, and then move away. When the treble leads and lieth behind, the double is made on the four middle bells. By this method it will go sixty changes; and with bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place lieth still.

156
123456 | 165324
214365 | 156234
241356 |
423165 | 143265
243615 | 134625
426351 |
462531 | 152643
645213 | bob
465123 | 125634
641532 |
614523 | 143652
165432 | 134562
156342 |
513624 | 126543
531642 | bob
356124 | 162534
536214 |
352641 | 143526
325461 | 134256
234516 |
324156 | 165243
231465 | 156423
213456 |
124365 | 132465
bob | bob
142356 | 123456

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together next the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made.

To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-hunt a bob must then be made, except when a quarter-hunt makes a change there with it, and then not.

In the 180 and 360 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts or others at pleasure. The two extreams in the 720 must be made according to the rule in the Introduction. The first extream may be made either 157first, second, or third time that the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the second and third places at the leading of the whole-hunt; and then the second extream must be made the third time following that those two bells make a change there again, the extreams being there made in the fourth and fifth places, and the singles in the second and third places.

Every time the Treble leads, the double may as well be made on the four hind-bells, and the bobs to be made as before; but the warning for them the same with Colledge Doubles.

#### Five Colledge Bobs.

In these five peals, the Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a like dodging course in all of them. The general method of the five peals is as follows: viz.

Colledge Bob the first. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts up into the fourth place, unless the dodging course of the Treble hinders it, where it lieth twice and then moves down again; except the bell 158that dodged with the Treble before, and also that which leads when the Treble lieth still behind, both which hunt directly up. When the Treble moves down from dodging in the third and fourth places, the bell that dodged there with it continues in those two places, lying twice together in each by turns until the Treble comes to dodg there with it again.

Colledge Bob the second. Every bell when it comes to lead makes a dodg before, then it lyeth still one change, then it makes another dodg, and so moves up into the fourth place where it lieth still twice, and then down again; except it dodgeth with the Treble in the fourth place, and then it hunts up behind. But when the Treble moves down out of the third place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue there until the Treble comes up there again, during which time the two hind-bells dodg.

Colledge Bob the third. When the Treble leaves leading, the two first bells dodg until it comes to lead again; except when the Treble dodgeth behind, for then the two first bells lie still. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the treble comes there again. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble hindereth them.

159

##### Colledge Bob the First.

123456 | 435216
214365 | &c.
124356 | 163542
213465 | bob.
231456 | 165324
324165 |
321456 | 123564
234165 | bob.
243615 | 125346
426351 |
462315 | 143526
643251 | 134562
634521 |
365412 | 165432
356421 | 156423
534612 |
543162 | 124653
451326 | 142635
453162 |
541326 | 136245
514362 | bob.
153426 | 132654
513462 |
154326 | 156234
145362 | bob.
413526 | 152643
143562 |
415326 | 146253
451362 | 164235
543126 |
541362 | 132465
453126 | 123456

##### Colledge Bob the Second.

123456 | 543216
214365 | &c.
124356 | 153624
213465 | bob
231645 | 135642
326154 |
231654 | 153462
326145 | bob
362415 | 135426
634251 |
364215 | 153246
632451 | 152364
623541 |
265314 | 125634
625341 | 126543
263514 |
236154 | 162453
321645 | 164235
236145 |
321654 | 146325
312564 | bob
135246 | 164352
315264 |
132546 | 146532
135264 | bob
312546 | 164523
132564 |
315246 | 146253
351426 | 142635
534162 |
351462 | 124365
534126 | 123456

160

##### Colledge Bob the Third.

123456 | 462513
214365 | &c.
123465 | 165432
214356 | bob
241365 | 156423
423156 |
241356 | 143526
423165 | bob
243615 | 134562
426351 |
423615 | 152364
246351 | 153246
423651 |
246315 | 126543
243651 | 125634
426315 |
246135 | 164235
421653 | 162453
246153 |
421635 | 143652
412653 | bob
146235 | 134625
412635 |
146253 | 165324
142635 | bob
416253 | 156342
142653 |
416235 | 132546
461253 | 135264
642135 |
461235 | 124365
642153 | 123456

##### Colledge Bob the Fourth.

123456 | 462513
214365 | &c.
124356 | 165432
213465 | bob
231456 | 156423
324165 |
321456 | 143526
234165 | bob
243615 | 134562
426351 |
246315 | 152364
423651 | 153246
246351 |
423615 | 126543
243651 | 125634
426315 |
462135 | 164235
641253 | 162453
642135 |
461253 | 143652
416235 | bob
142653 | 134625
412635 |
146253 | 165324
142635 | bob
416253 | 156342
146235 |
412653 | 132546
421635 | 135264
246153 |
241635 | 124365
426153 | 123456

161 Colledge Bob the fourth. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again; and then the two first bells dodg until the Treble gives way for the two hind bells to dodg again, and then the two first bells cease dodging.

##### Colledge Bob the Fifth.

123456 | 632514
214365 | &c.
124356 | 163542
213465 | bob
231456 | 136524
324165 |
321456 | 163425
234165 | bob
324615 | 136452
236451 |
234615 | 163254
326451 | 162345
234651 |
326415 | 126543
324651 | 125634
236415 |
326145 | 152436
231654 | 154263
236145 |
321654 | 145362
312645 | bob
136254 | 154326
316245 |
132654 | 145623
136245 | bob
312654 | 154632
132645 |
316254 | 145236
361245 | 142563
632154 |
631245 | 124365
362154 | 123456

Colledge Bob the fifth. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again. And when it leaves the two first bells they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until it comes down there again; during which time the bells in the third and fourth places dodg except when the Treble hindereth them.

By these methods each of them will go 120 changes, and by making of bobs they will go 240, 360, or 720. In the first of them the bell in the second place lieth still at the bob-changes, and in 162the other four the bell in the fourth place always lieth still.

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, as in these peals here prickt; where, in the first peal the 4 is the half-hunt, and in the other four peals the 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made.

To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 360 or 720 of each peal the 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt or others at pleasure.

#### The Experiment.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth up farther than the fourth place, for the four first bells go Doubles and Singles; and every time the Treble leads an extream is made in the third and fourth places, according to the common course of doubles and singles upon, four bells; which course of doubles and singles 163must be continued, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, until the making of the first Parting change, which will separate the two hind bells; and then the four first bells go the same course of doubles and singles again, the two hind bells dodging as before, until the making of the second Parting change, and so successively. The Parting change is a double change on the four middle bells, and made at the leading of the Treble. The first Parting change may be made either at the first second or third leading of the Treble, observing, that whatsoever bell in the first Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second Parting change must then be made. And whatsoever bell in the second Parting change moves down to the Treble when the Treble leads, and that bell lieth next it again, the third Parting change must then be made, and so successively. There being five Parting changes in the Peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the bells (the Treble excepted) taking that place one after another; and consequently, the five persons that ring them must call the Parting changes one after another as their turn comes, according to the aforesaid rule.

164

### Changes upon Seven Bells.

The methods upon five may be prickt upon seven, observing but the true difference of proportion in the changes; that is, doubles upon five bells must be triples upon seven; doubles and singles upon five must be triples and doubles upon seven, &c.

#### Plain Triples.

All the bells have a direct hunting course. All peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon seven according to this method here prickt; two of the changes upon six being always made at the leadings of the Treble, the six hindmost bells making them: the first is a triple change brought in by the course of the bells, and the next must either be double or single according to the method of the changes upon six.

1234567
2143657
2416375
4261735
4627153
6472513
6745231
7654321
7563412
5736142
5371624
3517264
3152746
1325476
165

#### Dodging Triples.

Triples and Doubles upon six may also go upon seven, according to this method here prickt, but in the same manner as the former.

1234567
2143576
2415367
4251376
4523167
5432617
4523671
5432761
4523716
5432176
5341267
3514276
3152467
1325476
1352746

#### Colledge Bob Triples.

1234567 | 6745312
2135476 | 7654132
2314567 | 7561423
3241657 | 5716243
3426175 | 5172634
4362715 | 1527364
4637251 | 1253746
6473521 |

Every time the Treble leaves leading, the bell in the third place lieth still, whilst the four hind bells dodg; but otherwise all the bells have a direct hunting course as Plain Triples. By this method it will go seventy changes, and by making of bobs it will go 350. The rule for the bobs is this; when the Treble goeth to lead, if the half-hunt lying before gives it 166place, then a bob must be made at that change, wherein the bell in the third place lieth still, and the four hind bells dodg; so that at every bob the four hind bells make two dodges before they part. By making of two extreams it will go 700, and with four extreams it will go 1400. But by making of intervening bobs it will go 700 compleat triples without any extream; 1400 with two extreams, and 2800 with four extreams. Any bell may be made a half-hunt.

#### Colledge Bob, Triples: the second way.

1234567 | 4536271 | 7162534 | 7326145
2135476 | 5463721 | 1726354 | 3762415
2314567 | 5647312 | 1273645 | 3674251
3241576 | 6574132 | 2176354 |
3425167 | 6751423 | 2713645 |
4352617 | 7615243 | 7231654 |

When the Treble leaves leading, the two hind bells dodg until Treble parts them; but in all other respects ’tis the same with the former, and the bobs made in the same manner, and by the same rule as in that peal, and it will go as many changes also as that.

167

#### Colledge Triples, dodging behind.

1234567 | 5346271 | 7165324 | 3675124
2143576 | 3564721 | 1756342 | 6357214
2415367 | 3657412 | 1753624 | 6532741
4251376 | 6375142 | 7135642 |
4523167 | 6731524 | 7316524 |
5432617 | 7613542 | 3761542 |

#### Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind.

1234567 | 2436571 | 4126753 | 4726153
2143576 | 4263751 | 1462735 | 7462513
2415367 | 2467315 | 1467253 | 4765231
4251376 | 4276135 | 4176235 |
2453167 | 2471653 | 4712653 |
4235617 | 4217635 | 7421635 |

Each of these two peals by the method here prickt will go Eighty four changes; and then when the Treble leads, and the half-hunt lieth next it, a Parting change being then made, they will go 420. And by making of bobs they will go 5040. 2 may be the half-hunt, or any other at pleasure. The Parting 168change is a double on the four middlemost of the six hind bells.

’Tis plainly demonstrable, that the Principle upon five may go 420 triples upon seven, which is a twelfth part; 840, which is a sixth part; or 1260, which is a fourth part of the whole, and the utmost period of triple changes. And then by making of four extreams it may go 5040, the compleat peal.

Great variety of peals may be prickt upon seven: as Triples, Triples and Doubles, Triples Doubles and Singles; Doubles, Doubles and Singles, &c. But changes upon seven being seldom practised, I will therefore forbear to wast more paper in pricking down examples, and proceed to the changes on eight.

### Changes upon Eight Bells.

Sixscores upon five bells are commonly rung upon eight, three bells lying behind. The most musical to lie behind are 218, 418, 148, 248, 348, 468, 648, 548, 864, 241, 321, and 135 to be laid behind, and then 1 and 3 to dodg throughout the peal. And also 184 to be laid behind, and to go the six changes thus, 814. 841. 169481. 418. 148. 184. 814. &c. and so on to the end of the sixscore. They may go the sixes either at whole or half-pulls. Peals upon six, as Triples and Doubles, &c. make exceeding good musick upon Eight, 48. 68. 41. or 18. lying behind. Or else Triples and doubles upon the six middle bells, the Treble leading, and the Tenor lying behind. And also Triples upon seven, the Tenor lying behind. But for such as have not yet attain’d the skill to ring these compleat peals, Sett-changes are very proper for them, being easie and rung with little difficulty.

#### Colledge Grounds.

The grounds of these sett-changes are of two kinds. First, placing of the bells Fifths, or secondly Thirds. To place them fifths; the 4 must hunt up behind the 7, the 3 behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5. Or else the 5 may hunt down under the 2, the 6 under 3, and the 7 under 4. Or otherwise, first a single, then a double, and then a triple change to be made on the middlemost bells, all which are to one effect; for then the bells will lie fifths thus, 15. 26. 37. 48. Here are four Concords to be chiefly regarded in the 170peal. The first is 15. the second 26. the third 37. and the fourth is 48. These four Concords may go the methods of any changes upon four bells; 1.5 being taken for the Treble, 2.6 for the Second, 3.7 for the Third, and 4.8 for the Fourth; and the Concords to change places with each other at pleasure. Wherein ’tis observable, that the two notes of every Concord must constantly attend each other in their motion; that is, whensoever one of the two notes moves, the other must follow it. For example: admit they were to go the twenty four changes, and that 1.5 were to hunt up over 2.6, 3.7, and 4.8. first therefore it must move up over 2.6, wherein it makes four changes: for first, the 5 moves up over the 2 thus, 12563748, the 1 must follow it thus, 2156.37.48. Then the 5 moves up over 6. 2165.37.48. the 1 follows it again 26.15.37.48; here the two Concords have made a change. In which manner also 1.5 must move up over 3.7. and 4.8. And in this manner are the Concords to move and change places with each other throughout the peal. Or secondly, to place the bells thirds, the 64 and 2 must hunt up, or else the 357 down; or otherwise a triple, a double, and a single change to be made on the middlemost bells; all which are to one and the 171same effect, for then the bells will lie thirds thus, 13.57.24.68. Here are also four Concords principally to be regarded in the peal: the first is 1.3, the second 5.7, the third 2.4, and the fourth 6.8. These four Concords may also go the methods of any changes upon four bells, 1.3 being taken for the treble, 5.7 for second, 2.4 for the third, and 6.8 for the fourth, and they must move in the same manner as before I have shewed. By these Grounds great variety of excellent and Musical changes are to be rung. If they go the twenty four, then the peal will consist of four times that number, that is, ninety six changes. But they may go only the first eight changes of the twenty four, and then the peal will consist of thirty two. Or else the first eight changes of a twenty four doubles and Singles, which will consist of forty eight if the double changes of the twenty four are singled, otherwise but thirty two as before. Any Concord may be made a hunt and to move either up or down at the beginning: so that these Grounds afford great diversity. In the ringing of these Sett-changes the notes will lie sometimes fifths, sometimes thirds, and sometimes thirds and fifths, and then ’tis pleasant Musick to Clam them, that is, the two notes of each Concord to strike together; and 172if they are clam’d true, the eight bells will strike as if they were but four, but with far greater harmony. They may Clam two or three bouts, and then strike open as many, and so alternately; or else they may Clam one pull, open the next, and so on. To reduce the notes of the fifths to their right places again at the conclusion of the peal, either 234 must hunt down, or else 765 up; or otherwise a Triple double and single change to be made on the middlemost bells, all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells round. To reduce the thirds either move down 246 into their places, or else move up 753 into theirs; or otherwise make single, double, and triple change on the middlemost bells; all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells again round.

The methods of all peals upon six bells may be prickt upon eight, observing but proportion in the changes, according to the difference in the number of bells, viz. Triples and doubles upon six must be quadruples and triples upon eight. Doubles upon six must be Triples upon eight, &c.

173

#### Bob-Major.

12345678
21436587
24163857
42618375
46281735
64827153
68472513
86745231
87654321
78563412
75836142
57381624
53718264
35172846
31527486
13254768
13527486

Plain Quadruples and Triples. All the bells have a direct hunting course until the Treble leads, and then the six hindmost bells dodg. By this method it will go 112. And by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still.

To ring 224. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made.

To ring 336. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made.

To ring 672. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

By making of two extreams it will go 1344, and with four extreams it will go 2688.

174All peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon eight according to the method before prickt, but after this manner. If it is a peal upon six, which consists of 360 or 720 changes, then in the ringing of it upon eight there must be five hunts. The Treble may be the first hunt; 2 the second &c. Now the method of the peal must go on according to that before prickt until the Treble leads, and the 2 lie next it, and then two of the changes upon six are always made, the six hind bells making them: the first is always a triple change brought in by the course of the bells thus, 12436587, and the second either double or single according to the method upon six; and the third fourth and fifth Hunts in eight, are the whole half and quarter-hunts in the changes upon six. By this method it will go 40320 compleat, but then every 112th change will be a double, and sometimes single in some peals. The bells may be brought round at 672 in some peals, but in others not till 1344.

175

#### Colledge Bob-Major.

The first. | The second. | The third. | The fourth.
--- | --- | --- | ---
12345678 | 12345678 | 12345678 | 12345678
21436587 | 21436587 | 21436587 | 21436587
24163578 | 24163578 | 24135678 | 24135678
42615387 | 42615387 | 42316587 | 42316587
46251378 | 24651378 | 43261578 | 24361578
64523187 | 42563187 | 34625187 | 42635187
65432817 | 24536817 | 36452817 | 24365817
56348271 | 42358671 | 63548271 | 42638571
53684721 | 24385761 | 65384721 | 24368751
35867412 | 42837516 | 56837412 | 42637815
38576142 | 24873156 | 58673142 | 24367185
83751624 | 42781365 | 85761324 | 42631758
87315642 | 24718356 | 87516342 | 24613785
78136524 | 42173865 | 78153624 | 42167358
71863542 | 41237856 | 71856342 | 41263785
17685324 | 14328765 | 17583624 | 14627358
16758342 | 13482756 | 15786342 | 16423785

Quadruples and Triples. The first hath single dodging behind; the second single dodging before and behind; the third double dodging behind; and the fourth double dodging before and behind. It may also be prickt a fifth way, viz. with single dodging before, and double dodging behind. And likewise a sixth way, viz. with doubled dodging before, and single dodging behind. The dodging is without intermission except when Treble hindreth, and also betwixt two bells until Treble parts them. By this method each of them will go 112, and by making of bobs they will go 224, 336, or 672. The bobs are triple changes at the leadings of the Treble; in the first second and sixth the bell in the 4th place lieth still at the bobs, and in the third fourth and fifth the bell in the 2d place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in Bob-major next before. And the extreams made as in that peal, 2 may be the half and 4 the quarter-hunt in the four first, or others at pleasure.

176

#### Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind.

12345678 | 42587613
21435687 | 24578163
24153678 | 42571836
42513687 | 24517863
24531678 | 42157836
42536187 | 41275863
24563817 | 14725836
42568371 | 17452863
24586731 |

By this method it will go 112, and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple-change at the leadings of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same 177with that in Bob-major, and the extreams also the same as in that peal. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

#### The Wild-Goose Chase.

12345678
21536784
25163748
52613784
56231748
65327184
63572814
36752841
37625481
73265418
72356148
27531684
25713648
52173684
51237648
15327684
13572648
31752684
37125648
73215684
72351648

Triples. The fourth bell must first hunt up into the 7th place and then the 4 and 8 continually dodg behind throughout the peal, except when the Treble hindreth them. The bell that moves up into the 6th place when the Treble moves down from thence, lieth still there until the Treble displaceth it; during which time the two hind bells dodg, and the five first go a perfect hunting course. And also when the Treble moves up out of the 5th place, the five first bells go a hunting course until it comes down there again. By this method it will go eighty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 160, 240, or 480. The 178 bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still.

To ring 160. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the 2d and 3d places, a bob must at the same time be made.

To ring 240. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the second and third places, a bob must then be made.

To ring 480. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the second and third places, a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt makes a change there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 6 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

#### Colledge Triples, dodging behind.

12345678 | 62345178
21435687 | 26431587
24153678 | 24613578
42513687 | 42163587
45231678 | 41236578
54326187 | 14326587
53462817 | 13462857
35642871 | 31642875
36524781 | 36124857
63254718 | 63214875

The method of ringing this peal is the same in all respects with that next before, with this only difference. Every time the whole-hunt leads, the triple change is here made on the six middle bells, which parts the two hind-bells, and so introduceth them by degrees into the body of the peal. By this method it will go 112, and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a 179 triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 6th place lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 224 is the same with that in the 160 next before. In the 336 ’tis the same with that in the 240 next before. And in the 672 ’tis the same with that in the 480 next before. 2 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

#### The Grand Experiment.

Quadruples and Triples. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth up farther than the sixth place; for the six first bells go triples and doubles, it matters not of what sort, provided that the double changes at the leadings of the Treble are always made on the four hindmost of the six bells; which course of triples and doubles must be continued, the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging until the first Parting change is made, which will separate the two hindmost bells; and then the six first bells go 180the same course of triples and doubles again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, until the second Parting change is made, and so successively. The Parting change is a triple change on the six middle bells, and made at the leadings of the whole-hunt. The first Parting change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth leading of the Treble; observing, that whatsoever bell in the first Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second Parting change must then be made. And again, whatsoever bell in the second Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the third Parting change must then be made, and so successively; there being seven Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the seven bells taking that place one after another. So that the seven persons that ring the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th bells, must call the Parting changes one after another, according as the aforesaid rule directs them: or else he that rings the Treble may do it, but not so well as the rest. To ring it with such peals upon six bells which consist of single courses, it will go 420; with double courses 840. This peal may also be rung triples, 181that is, the six first bells to go doubles, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, and the Parting changes to be made as before. But in ringing it with such Peals of Triples and Doubles, or else Doubles upon six bells, where the double change at every leading of the Treble is made in the 2d 3d 5th and 6th places, there, whatsoever two bells lie next the Treble at the first Parting change, the same two bells will lie next it at every Parting change, which will be a rule for calling them, there being only five Parting changes in it, which are triples as before. The first Parting change may also here be made either the first second third fourth or fifth time the Treble leads. If it is rung with peals upon six bells, consisting of single Courses, it will then go 300, with double Courses 600. This peal may also be rung by Concatenating of divers kinds of methods. For as the peal consists of several parts, viz. from one Parting change to the next, being accounted a compleat part; so each part may be rung by a different method from the rest. For any peals upon six bells, whether doubles, or triples and doubles, consisting either of single or double Courses, may indifferently be rung together in this peal, succeeding each other in the several parts of it, and at every Parting change a new 182method to begin. Or else any two of them to succeed each other alternately throughout the parts of the peal, or more or less at pleasure. But still observing, that all that are rung together in one peal must be such, where the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made on the four hindmost of the six bells; or else all of them such, where the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made in the second and third, and the fifth and sixth places. If they are of the first kind, then there will be seven Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts; and the half-hunts must successively call the Parting changes as before I have shewed: if of the later kind, then but five Parting changes, which must be call’d by the same rule as before I have shewed in ringing it with one peal of this kind. And also observing, if the first Parting change is made at the first second third or fourth leading of the Treble, then whatsoever method it goes at first, it must also go the same again after the last Parting change is made. But in ringing it with peals of the first kind, the second being made the first half-hunt, and to call the first Parting change; and with peals of the later, the 3d likewise: then the last Parting change in either of them will conclude the peal.

183This peal may go the method of the Experiment upon six bells, page 162, that is, the four first bells to go the Twenty four Doubles and Singles as in that peal; and the four hindmost bells in the mean time to dodg double. The Parting changes are triples on the middle bells, and the same rules observed in making and calling them, as in that peal: but here are seven of them in this, and 168 changes.

The Experiment upon six may also be rung Comprehensively herein. The six first bells to go that compleat peal, the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging; and every time the 3d bell comes to call the Parting change on six, then instead of it a Grand change must be made, that is, a triple on the six middle bells: and then the six first bells to go the compleat peal again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, untill the third bell calls another Grand change, and so successively; there being three of them in the peal, and 360 changes. If the bells are placed 23567148 at the beginning, the 4.8 will dodg behind the first sixscore of it, 4.1 the second, and 1.8 the third, and then the 5th may call the Grand changes in the place of the 3d; or any other three bells may be laid behind at first, for the 184sake of Musical dodging. The first Grand change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth Parting change, observing, that whatsoever bell at the first Grand change should then in course have call’d a Parting change, every time that bell comes to call a Parting change, it must call a Grand change in the place of it: or else any one of the six first bells (the whole-hunt excepted) may be appointed beforehand to attend the calling of the Grand changes, observing, that every time that bell comes to call a Parting change, a Grand change must be call’d in the place of it.

#### Imperial Bob.

Quadruples and Triples. The Treble hath a dodging course. The two first and two last bells always dodg until the Treble hindreth them, and in the mean time the two next bells to those dodging bells do lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the Treble also hindreth them. And the two bells in the fifth and sixth places whilst the Treble is behind, and those in the 3d and 4th places when ’tis before dodg, until Treble likewise hindreth them. By this 185method it will go 224, and by making of bobs it will go 448, 672, or 1344. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still.

12345678 | 42361875 | 16847253 | 14283675
21436587 | 24368157 | 16482735 |
12346578 | 42631875 |  | 18645273
21435687 | 24613857 | 18765432 | 18462537
24136578 | 42168375 | bob |
42315687 | 24618357 | 17864523 | 16587432
24135678 | 42163875 |  | bob
42316587 | 41268357 | 16573824 | 15684723
24361578 | 14623875 | bob |
42635187 | 41263857 | 15678342 | 18753624
24631578 | 14628375 |  | bob
42365187 | 14263857 | 17352648 | 17856342
24635817 | 41628375 | 17536284 |
42368571 | 14268357 |  | 15372846
24365817 | 41623875 | 13274586 | 15738264
42638571 | 46128357 | 13725468 |
24365871 | 64213875 |  | 13254768
42638517 | 46123857 | 12438765 | 13527486
24635871 | 64218375 | 12347856 |
42368517 | 46281357 |  | 12436587
24638157 | &c. | 14826357 | 12345678

To ring 448. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 672. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made.

186To ring 1344. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, others at pleasure.

## Nottingham Peals.

### Nottingham Mixt Peal.
1.6.2.

123456
214365
241635
426153
462513
645231
654321
563412
536142
351624
315264
132546
132564
——————

The Changes are plain Trebles and Doubles until the Treble leads, and then a single change is always made. The Peal called Old Doubles and Singles upon five bells is the ground of this Peal, every single in this peal being the single in that. For as in that peal the whole-hunt is one of the two bells that make every single; so likewise in this, the 6 being the half-hunt, is one of the two bells that makes every single change herein, except when it lieth next the whole-hunt, and then the single is behind; but when 1872 lieth also next the 6, then extream in the fourth and fifth places.

### Nottingham Trebles and Doubles.
1.2.3.

123456
214365
241356
423165
432615
346251
364521
635412
653142
561324
516342
153624
135264
312546
321564

The ordinary course is to move directly, except when the whole-hunt passes either out of or into the second’s place, and then constantly dodg behind. There are single and double bobs; the bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. When the third hunt dodges behind, the second hunt then leading, is a warning for the single bob to be made at the next leading of the Treble. And when the second and third hunts dodg together behind, is a warning for the double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble. The two extreams in the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, p. 90.

188

### Nottingham Single Bob.
1.5.2.

123456 | 341265
214365 | 314625
241635 | 136452
426153 | bob
462513 | 163425
645231 | 614352
654213 | 641532
562431 | 465123
526413 | 456132
254631 | 541623
245361 | 514263
423516 | 152436
432156 | 154263

One time the Treble hunts quite up, the next time only up into the fourth place, and so by turns, as in the example here prickt. The bells observe the course of the Treble, and also dodg it being before; and once in 120 changes bob, when that bell which is nominated for the second hunt lying behind twice, meets with the third hunt when the first hunt is going to lead. The second and third hunts are both one.

The first single, | The second single.
--- | ---
124365 | 123465
124356 | 123456

### Nottingham Bob.
1 and 2.

The Treble hath a dodging course, and every time it leads, the double is on the 189four middle bells, except the bobs which are made in the 2d and 3d, and the 5th and 6th places. The bobs are single and double. When the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lieth behind, is a warning for a double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble, there being but three changes betwixt the two bobs. And when the half-hunt lieth in the first and second places for twenty changes together, is a warning for a single bob to be made the second time the Treble leads. The extreams must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90.

123456 | 523614 | 412635 | 562314 | 162453
214365 | 526341 | 146253 | 653241 | 126543
241635 | 253614 | bob | 635421 | 215634
426153 | 235164 | 164235 | 364512 | 216543
421635 | 321546 | 612453 | 365421 | 125634
246153 | 325164 | 621543 | 634512 | 152364
264513 | 231546 | 265134 | 643152 | 513246
625431 | 213456 | 261543 | 461325 |
624513 | 124365 | 625134 | 463152 |
265431 | 142635 | 652314 | 641325 |
256341 | 416253 | 563241 | 614235 |

190

### Redding Bob.

123456 | 324516
214365 | 234561
124356 | 325416
213465 | 235146
231456 | 321564
324165 | 235164
231465 | 321546
324156 | 312564
234516 | 135246
325461 | 315264
235416 | 132546
324561 | 135264
235461 |

The treble hath a dodging course, and when it moves up out of the 2d place the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and when it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again, except only whilst it dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, and then the two hind bells lie still. When the Treble lieth behind the double is on the four first bells; and when it leadeth on the four last. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the 4th place lieth still. The rule of calling the bobs is the same with that in the Colledge Bobs, page 162.

### Redding Bob according to the Cambridg way.

123456
214365
124356
213465
231456
324165
321456
——————
——————
231654
236145
321654
312645
136254
316245
132654
136245

This is the same with the former, excepting only the double changes which are 191made when the Treble dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, both in hunting up and down; which are here made on the four hind bells, whereas in that they were made on the four first bells: so that here the two hind bells dodg without intermission until the Treble hindreth them. This will also go 240, 360, and 720, and the bobs made by the same rule as the former.

192

### Fifteen Oxford Peals.

### Adventure. 1 and 2.

12345 | 35142 | 12453 | 15243
21435 | 31542 |  | 15423
24135 | 35124 | 14235 | 14532
21453 | 31524 | 14325 | 14352
24153 | 13254 | 13452 |
42513 | 13524 | 13542 | 13425
42531 | 15342 |  | 13245
45213 | 15432 | 15324 | 12354
45231 |  | 15234 | Extr.
54321 | 14523 | 12543 | 12345
54312 | 14253 | Extr. |
53421 | 12435 | 12534 |
53412 | Extr. |  |

Doubles and singles. Every bell leads four times. The Treble hath a dodging course; and is one of the two bells which makes every single change except when it leads, and then ’tis made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lieth next it, an extream behind.

### Camelion. 1 and 2.

193
12345 | 45213
21354 | 45123
23145 | 41532
23415 | 14523
24351 | 14253
42531 |

Every time the Treble hunts up and down, it makes a single in the third and 4th places, and when it leads the single is there also; but when 2 lies next it, then an extream behind. Every bell except the Treble leads four times.

### Medley. 1 and 5.

12345 | 54132
21354 | 54123
21345 | 51432
23154 | 51423
23145 | 15243
32415 | 15234
34215 | 12543
32451 | 12534
34251 |
43521 | 14352
45321 | 14325
43512 | 13452
45312 | 13425

Doubles and Singles. The treble leads four times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. Every single is made behind, except when the Treble is either in the fourth or fifth places, and then in the second and third places. Every time the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, except when the treble goeth to lead if the 5th gives it place, and then the double is made on the four first bells.

194

### Oxford Paradox. 1 and 5.

12345 | 54312
21435 | 54132
21345 | 45312
23154 | 45132
23514 | 41523
32154 | 41253
32514 | 14523
35241 | 15423
35421 | 14532
53241 | 15432
53421 |

Doubles and singles. Every bell leads four times, and lieth behind as many. Every single is made in the third and fourth places until the Treble leads, and then in the second and third places: but when the Treble leads and the fifth lieth behind, then the extream in the third and fourth places.

### Halliwell. 1 and 2.

12345 | 54312
21354 | 45312
21345 | 54132
23154 | 54123
23145 | 51432
32415 | 51423
23415 | 15432
32451 | 15423
34251 | 14532
43521 | 14523
45321 |

Treble leads four times, lies behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when it leads and 2 lies next it, for then an extream is made in the third and fourth places.

195

### Oxford Sixscore.

12345 | 32514
21345 | 32154
23145 | 31254
23415 | 13254
23451 | 13524
32541 |

The Treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes; and the changes are all single except when the Treble lieth behind, and then a double is made on the four first bells; and when it leads, the single is in the third and fourth places, but when 2 lieth next it an extream behind.

### Fortune. 1 and 2.

12345 | 13254
21354 |
23145 | 14523
32415 | 14532
34251 |
43521 | 12354
45312 | Extr.
54132 | 12534
51423 |
15432 | 14352
15423 | 14325
13245 | &c.

Doubles. The Treble is a perfect hunt, and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them. Every time the Treble leads, a single is made behind, except when 2 lieth next it, and then an extream in the third and fourth places.

196

### Oxford Single Bob.
Triples, Doubles, and Singles.
1. 2. and 3.

123456
214365
241356
423165
432615
346251
364521
635412
653142
561324
516342
153624
156342
513624
531642
356124
365214

The Treble hath a direct hunting course; and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them. When the Treble leads, the double is on the four hind bells. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by making of singles it will go 120, 240, 360, or 720. The singles in the 120, 240, and 720, must be made by the same method with those in Old Triples and Doubles, page 109. And to ring 360, every time the 1.2 lie together before, the single must be made behind; and when 1.2.3 lie together there, then the single in the fourth and fifth places.

197

### Oxford Double Bob.
Triples, Doubles, and Singles.

123456 | 246135
214365 | 421653
241356 | 412635
423165 | 146253
243615 | 142635
426351 | 416253
243651 | 461235
426315 |

When the Treble leaves the two first bells, they dodg until it comes there again; but in all other respects ’tis the same with the former. And the singles in the 120, 240, 360, and 720, to be made as in that Peal.

### Oxford Single Bob.

The method of this Peal is the same in all respects with Oxford Single Bob, Triples Doubles and Singles, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made in stead of the singles in that. By making of bobs it will go 180 or 360. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still.

To ring 180, there must be a whole and half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt is before and the half-hunt behind, the next change is to be a bob.

198To ring 360, there must be a whole, half, and quarter-hunt, viz.

First, when the whole-hunt comes to lead, and the half-hunt to fall behind, the next change is a bob: and

Secondly, when the whole-hunt leads before the quarter-hunt, and the half-hunt is in the fifth place, the next change is also a bob.

The 1 and 5 may be the whole and half-hunts in the 180, and 1.5.3 the whole, half, and quarter-hunts in the 360, or others at pleasure.

### Oxford Double Bob.

The method of this peal is the same in all respects with Oxford double Bob before, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made instead of the singles in that. The bobs are here made in the same manner, and call’d by the same rule in the 180 and 360, as in Oxford single Bob next before; and the two extreams in the 720, both in this and the last peal, must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction.

199

### Oxford Triple Bob.

123456
214365
124356
213465
231456
324165
321456
234165
243615
426351
423615
246351
264531
625413
624531
265413
256143
521634
526143
251634
215643
126534
216543
125634
152364
513246
153264
512346
521364

The Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a dodging course. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it leads, and then a double is made on the four middle bells, which parts the two hind bells; but then the two hind bells dodg again until the Treble displaceth them. Every bell leads twice (except when the Treble dodgeth there) and as they hunt up and down do make a dodg in the third and 4th places. When the Treble moves up from dodging before, the bell that dodged there with it continues in the first and 2d places, lying twice together in each, until the Treble comes down to dodg there with it again. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 360. At the bobs the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for them is this, When the half-hunt leads, and the Treble moves down, and dodgeth there with it, 200a bob must then be made at that leading of the Treble. The 3 may be the half-hunt, or any other.

### Oxford Triple Bob, the second way.

123456 | 254613
214365 | 245163
124356 | 421536
213465 | 425163
231645 | 241536
326154 | 214356
321645 | 123465
236154 | 213456
263514 | 124365
625341 | 142635
623514 | 416253
265341 | 146235
256431 | 412653
524613 | 421563
526431 | 245136

This peal is in all respects the same with that next before, except the double change which is made when the Treble moves up out of the second place, and also down into that place again, which is here made on the four middle bells, and consequently parts the two hind bells, which in the former peal continued dodging together. This will also go 360, the bobs being made, in the same manner, and also the warning for them the same, as in the former peal.

### Oxford Riddle, or the Hermophrodite.

Treble is the whole-hunt; whilst ’tis hunting up the two last bells dodg, and whilst

201
123456 | 341652
214365 | 314562
241356 | 135426
423165 | 134562
432615 | 315426
346251 | 351462
432651 | 534126
346215 | 543216
436125 |

’tis hunting down the two first. Every time it leads and lieth behind, the double is made on the four farthest bells from it. Every bell leads twice and lieth behind twice, except the dodging hinder. By this method it will go sixty changes triples and doubles, and then by making of singles as in Old triples and doubles, it will go 120, 240, or 720.

### My Lord. 144.

123456
213465
231456
324156
342516
432561
423651
243615
234165
321465
312456
132465
123645
——————

Doubles. Treble is a perfect Hunt. Every bell leads twice, and then moves up into the third place where it lieth twice, and then moves down again except the motion of the Treble hindreth. When the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells; and when it leadeth, ’tis on the four middle bells. But when it leadeth, and the 6 lieth behind, then a single in the third and fourth places.

If a double be made on the four hind bells, at every third leading of 202the Treble it will go 180 compleat doubles; and then by making of two singles it will go 360, or with four singles 720.

## Seventeen Peals composed at Cambridge, by Mr. S.S.

### My Honey. 1 and 2.

12345 | 31254 | 54321
21354 | 31245 | 45231
21345 | 13254 | 54231
23154 |  | 45213
23145 | 13524 | 54213
32415 | 15342 | 45123
23415 |  | 45132
32451 | 15432 | 41523
23451 | 51423 | 41532
32541 | 51432 | 14523
23541 | 54123 |
32514 | 54132 | 14253
23514 | 45312 | 12435
32154 | 54312 |
32145 | 45321 | 12453

In this peal there is a whole-hunt and an half-hunt. The whole-hunt lieth always four times before, and four times behind, and twice in every other place. The two hindmost bells always dodg ’till the whole-hunt hindreth, except when the whole-hunt is before, at which time there are four changes made of a four and twenty doubles and singles; the first of which is a double change brought in by 203the course of the bells (as in the following peal appeareth) 13254; the second is a single in the third and fourth places (13524); the third is a double on the four last (15342), and the fourth a single again in the third and fourth places (15432), except when the half-hunt is with the whole-hunt before, then it is to be an extream behind. When the whole-hunt leaves the third’s place hunting up, the two formost bells dodg till it returns into the same place again.

### The Whirligigge. 1 and 5.

In this peal, first the bells dodg behind (and not before) till the whole-hunt hindreth them; and the next course they dodg in like manner before (and not behind) till the whole-hunt hindreth them; and so by turns throughout the whole peal. When the whole-hunt is before, if the bells were dodging behind before it came to lead, single behind; if they were dodging before, single in second’s and third’s place; and when the whole-hunt leads, and half-hunt is in Tenor’s place, there is always an extream to be made in 3d and 4th place, which is every fourth time the whole-hunt leads.

204
21354 | 51243 | 31245 | 41352
23145 | 52134 | 32154 | 43125
32415 | 25314 | 23514 | 34215
34251 | 52341 | 25341 | 43251
43521 | 25431 | 52431 | 34521
45312 | 52413 | 54213 | 43512
54132 | 25143 | 45123 | 34152
51423 | 21534 | 41532 | 31425
15432 | 12354 | 14523 |
15423 | 13254 | 14532 | 13425

### Jack-on-both-sides. 1 and 5.

21354 | 45132 | 52143 | 32514 | 23451 | 53421
23145 | 54312 | 25413 | 23541 | 32541 | 35412
32415 | 45321 | 52431 | 32451 | 23514 | 53142
34251 | 54231 | 25341 | 34215 | 32154 | 51324
43521 | 45213 | 52314 | 43125 | 31245 | 15234
34512 | 54123 | 25134 | 41352 | 13254 |
43152 | 51432 | 21543 | 14325 | 13524 | 15243
41325 | 15342 | 12534 | 14235 | 31542 | 51423
14352 |  | 12354 | 41253 | 35124 |
14532 | 15324 | 21345 | 42135 | 53214 |
41523 | 51234 | 23154 | 24315 | 35241 |

In this peal the bells always dodg both before and behind, till the whole-hunt hindreth them; except when both the Hunts are together either before or behind; for 205then the two farthest bells from the Hunts do leave dodging for the next change onely which is always a double made by the two Hunts and the two next bells to them. The singles and extreams are made as in the Old Doubles.

### Winwick Doubles. 1 and 3.

In this peal, first, the two hindmost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hindreth them, till the first single is made: and then the two formost bells dodg ’till the whole-hunt hindreth them, until there be made another single, and so they continually dodg successively throughout the whole peal. There are six singles which are made in the same manner as in St. Dunstan’s Doubles, page 127.

21354 | 41532 | 31254 | 41523
23145 | 45123 | 32145 | 45132
32415 | 54213 | 23415 | 54312
34251 | 52431 | 32451 | 45321
43521 | 25341 | 23541 | 54231
45312 | 23514 | 32514 | 45213
54132 | 32154 | 23154 | 54123
51423 | 31245 | 21345 | 51432
15432 | 13254 | 12435 | 15342
14523 |  | 14253 |
| 13524 |  | 15324

206

### Non-such. 1 and 2.

In this peal the bells always dodg both behind and before till the whole-hunt hindreth them, except when both the Hunts are together either behind or before: for then the bells omit dodging for the next change, as in Jack-on-both-sides. There are four singles which are all made in the 3d and 4th places every third time that the whole-hunt leads.

21435 | 25134 | 32415 | 53214 | 54231 | 34521
24153 | 52314 | 23451 | 35241 | 45321 | 35412
42513 | 25341 | 32541 | 53421 | 43512 | 53142
24531 | 52431 | 23514 | 54312 | 34152 | 51324
42351 | 25413 | 32154 | 45132 | 31425 | 15342
24315 | 52143 | 31245 | 41523 | 13452 |
42135 | 51234 | 13254 | 14532 | 14325 | 15432
41253 | 15243 |  | 15423 | 41352 |
14235 | 12534 | 13524 | 51432 | 43125 |
12453 | 21354 | 31542 | 54123 | 34215 |
21543 | 23145 | 35124 | 45213 | 43251 |

### Cambridg Delight. 2 and 4.

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them. When the whole-hunt leaves the thirds place 207hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the half-hunt hinders them, whose course is the same with the course of the half-hunt in Grandsire. There are two singles which are made by the same rule as in Grandsire.

13254 | 15243 | 14235 | 45231
31524 | 12534 | 41325 | 42513
13542 | 21543 | 43152 | 24531
31452 | 25134 | 34512 | 25413
34125 | 52143 | 35421 | 52431
43215 | 51234 | 53241 | 54213
42351 | 15324 | 52314 | 45123
24315 | 51342 | 25341 | 41532
23451 | 15432 | 23514 | 14352
32415 | 14523 | 32541 | 13425
34251 | 41253 | 35214 | 31245
43521 | 42135 | 53124 | 32154
45312 | 24153 | 35142 | 23145
54132 | 21435 | 53412 |
51423 | 12453 | 54321 | 23154

### Cambridg Delight, another way.
1 and 4.

208
21354 | 51234 | 31524
23145 | 52143 | 35142
32415 | 25413 | 53412
34251 | 24531 | 54321
43521 | 42351 | 45231
45312 | 43215 | 42513
54132 | 34125 | 24153
51423 | 31452 | 21435
15432 | 13425 | 12453
14523 | 14352 | 14235
41532 | 41325 | 41253
45123 | 43152 | 42135
54213 | 34512 | 24315
52431 | 35421 | 23451
25341 | 53241 | 32541
52314 | 35214 | 23514
25134 | 53124 | 32154
21543 | 51342 | 31245
12534 | 15324 | 13254
15243 | 13542 |
|  | 13245

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, as in the former Peal. When the half-hunt leaves the 3ds place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hinders. It differeth from the former peal in this; That whereas in that the bells always begin to dodg before when the whole-hunt leaves third’s place, and are parted by the half-hunt; in this they begin to dodg before when the half-hunt leaves the third’s place, and are parted as well before as behind by the whole-hunt. It differeth also, in that the half-hunt in this peal always bobbeth behind on the contrary stroke to what it doth in the former peal; there are two singles, which are made as in the former peal.

### The Dream, upon five bells. 1 and 2.

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, except when the two Hunts are together before. Or it may be rang by making the two foremost 209bells dodg always, except the Hunts be together behind. There are six single changes which are all behind every other time the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt at every single lying either in the 2d or 3ds places.

21435 | 51342 | 41235 | 53142
24153 | 53124 | 42153 | 35412
42513 | 35214 | 24513 | 34521
45231 | 32541 | 25431 | 43251
54321 | 23451 | 52341 | 42315
53412 | 24315 | 53214 | 24135
35142 | 42135 | 35124 | 21453
31524 | 41253 | 31542 | 12543
13542 | 14235 | 13524 |
15324 |  | 15342 | 12534
| 14253 | 51324 | &c.

### The Contention upon five bells. 1 and 2.

In this peal, the two hindmost bells dodg as in the former peal till the Hunts are together before for twenty changes; and then for the next twenty changes the two formost bells dodg, except the Hunts are together behind. There are six singles which are made as in the former peal.

210
21435 | 51342 | 41523 | 41235
24153 | 53124 | 45132 | 42153
42513 | 35214 | 54312 | 24513
45231 | 32541 | 53421 | 42531
54321 | 23451 | 35241 | 24351
53412 | 24315 | 53214 | 42315
35142 | 42135 | 35124 | 24135
31524 | 41253 | 31542 | 21453
13542 | 14235 | 13452 | 12543
15324 |  | 14325 |
| 14253 |  | 12534
|  |  | &c.

### The Cheat. 1 and 3.

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg ’till the whole-hunt hinders, and the two foremost bells dodg ’till either the whole or half-hunt hinders. Or on the contrary, the two foremost bells may dodg ’till the whole-hunt hinder, and the two hindmost ’till either the whole-hunt or half-hunt hinder. Or it may be rang a third way, by joining both these courses together, ringing twenty changes of it one way, and the next twenty changes the other way throughout the peal. There are six singles which are all made behind, every second time the whole-hunt leads; or at pleasure it may be rang with twelve singles, which are likewise all made behind.

211
21354 | 41532 | 31542 | 51243
23145 | 45123 | 35124 | 52134
32415 | 54213 | 53214 | 25314
34251 | 45231 | 52341 | 23541
43521 | 54321 | 25431 | 32451
45312 | 53412 | 52413 | 34215
54132 | 35142 | 25143 | 43125
51423 | 31524 | 21534 | 41352
15432 | 13542 | 12543 | 14325
14523 |  | 15234 |
| 13524 |  | 14352
|  |  | &c.

### Topsie-turvie. 1 and 2.

21354 | 41532 | 31542 | 21453
23145 | 45123 | 35124 | 24135
32415 | 54213 | 53214 | 42315
34251 | 45231 | 35241 | 24351
43521 | 54321 | 53421 | 42531
45312 | 53412 | 35412 | 24513
54132 | 35142 | 53142 | 42153
51423 | 31524 | 51324 | 41235
15432 | 13542 | 15234 | 14325
14523 |  | 12543 |
| 13524 |  | 14352
|  |  | &c.

212

### Jumping Doubles dodging before.

12345 | 31254 | 54132 | 24513 | 53241 | 43521
21534 | 23145 | 45213 | 42351 | 35421 | 34215
52143 | 32514 | 54321 | 24531 | 53214 | 43152
25314 | 23451 | 45231 | 42315 | 35142 | 31425
52431 | 32541 | 54312 | 24153 | 51324 | 13254
25341 | 23415 | 45123 | 41235 | 15432 |
52413 | 32154 | 51432 | 14352 | 14523 | 13245
25134 | 21345 | 15243 | 13425 | 41352 | &c.
51243 | 12453 | 12534 | 31542 | 34125 |
15324 | 14235 | 21453 | 53124 | 43512 |
13542 | 41523 | 42135 | 35412 | 34251 |

In this peal every change is a jumping change (in which one bell leaps over two bells at once,) except when the Treble is either behind or before, for then there is always a plain double change made, or else a single at the end of each sixty changes. Treble is a perfect Hunt; the two foremost bells always dodg until the Treble hinder. When the Treble is hunting up, the jumping changes are all made by the bell in the Tenor’s place, jumping into third’s, except only that one when Treble goeth out of second’s place into third’s; for then the bell in the 3ds place jumps into Trebles, where it dodgeth with the bell in the 2ds place till Treble hinder. 213When Treble is hunting down every jumping change is made by the bell in the 3ds place jumping into Tenor’s, except when it goeth out of third’s place into second’s, for then the bell in Treble’s place jumps into 3ds. And observe always, that when Treble is going to lead the first time, the bell in Tenor’s place jumps into third’s, and the next time the bell in the third’s place into Tenor’s throughout the peal. There are two singles which are made, as in Grandsire.

### Jumping Doubles dodging behind.

In this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt, as in the former. The two hindmost bells always dodg till Treble hinders. When Treble is hunting up the bell in thirds place always jumps into Treble’s, excepting only when Treble goeth out of third’s place into fourth’s; for then the bell in Tenor’s place jumps into 3ds. And observe, that every second time the Treble goeth out of 4th into 5ths place, the bell in Treble’s place jumps into 3ds; whereas at other times at the same change the bell in 3ds place jumps into Treble’s. When Treble leaves the 5ths place hunting down, the bell in the 3ds place 214jumps into Treble’s; when she leaves 4ths place the bell in 3ds place jumps into Tenor’s. When she is either in the 2d or 3ds places hunting down, the bell in the Treble’s place jumps into 3ds. There are two singles made, as in the former Peal.

12345 | 31425 | 52143 | 24513 | 25341 | 34251
31254 | 43152 | 25314 | 45231 | 52431 | 23415
23145 | 34215 | 32541 | 54321 | 45213 | 32154
32514 | 42351 | 23451 | 35412 | 54132 | 21345
53241 | 24531 | 42315 | 53124 | 41523 | 13254
35421 | 52413 | 24153 | 31542 | 15432 |
43512 | 25134 | 41235 | 15324 | 14523 | 13245
34125 | 51243 | 12453 | 13542 | 51432 | &c.
41352 | 12534 | 14235 | 51324 | 45123 |
13425 | 15243 | 21453 | 35142 | 54312 |
14352 | 21534 | 42135 | 53214 | 43521 |

### Symphonie, upon six bells. 1. 2. and 3.

In this peal are 720 changes, all doubles except twelve singles, which are made as in plain Trebles and Doubles on six bells. The two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them, except when a single is made in the 4th and 5th places. When the whole-hunt leaves the 4ths place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till it leaves the 215same place again hunting down: but it may be rang at pleasure to make the bells dodg perpetually before as well as behind, by making in every twelve changes two Trebles, one of them when the whole-hunt leaves the 3ds place hunting up, and the other when it leaves the 4ths place hunting down; so that there will be in the whole peal Sixscore Treble-changes. When the whole-hunt is behind, the four foremost bells dodg; when the whole-hunt is before, the four hindmost dodg.

213465 | 316254 | 615342 | 514623 | 412536
231456 | 361245 | 651324 | 541632 | 421563
234165 | 362154 | 653142 | 546123 | 425136
324615 | 632514 | 563412 | 456213 | 245316
234651 | 362541 | 653421 | 546231 | 425361
326451 | 635241 | 564321 | 452631 | 243561
236415 | 365214 | 654312 | 542613 | 423516
326145 | 635124 | 564132 | 452163 | 243156
321654 | 631542 | 561423 | 451236 | 241365
312645 | 613524 | 516432 | 415263 | 214356
132654 | 163542 | 156423 | 145236 | 124365
136245 | 165324 | 154632 | 142563 |
|  |  |  | 124635
|  |  |  | &c.

### Grandsire upon Symphonie. 1. 2. and 6.

This peal of Symphonie may be rang with but two single or two treble changes 216at the end of either Eighteenscore, by ringing it with single and double bobs as in Grandsire Bob. The rule for calling the bobs in this peal is the very same as in Grandsire Bob, but when the bob-changes are to be made, the Hunts do not lie in the same order as in Grandsire Bob; for in this peal at a single bob the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt in the 5th place, and the quarter-hunt in the 4th place. And at the first bob of a double bob the half-huntis in Tenor’s place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds place; and at the later bob the half-hunt is in the 5th place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds place, just contrary to what it is in Grandsire Bob. I have prickt this peal with two Treble changes in every twelve; so that if you make two Trebles more at the end of either Eighteenscore (which must be made when the whole-hunt is going to lead just two changes sooner than if you should have made a single) there will then be in the whole 720 just Sixscore and two Treble changes.

213465 | 316254 | 316542 | 316425 | 612354
231456 | 361245 | 361524 | 361452 | 621345
324165 | 632154 | 635142 | 634125 | 263154
234615 | 362514 | 365412 | 364215 | 623514
324651 | 632541 | 635421 | 634251 | 263541
236451 | 365241 | 364521 | 362451 | 625341
326415 | 635214 | 634512 | 632415 | 265314
236145 | 365124 | 364152 | 362145 | 625134
321654 | 631542 | 631425 | 631254 | 261543
312645 | 613524 | 613452 | 613245 | 216534
132654 | 163542 | 163425 | 163254 | 126543
136245 |  |  | 162345 | 125634
| 136524 | 136452 |  | &c.

217

### Trebles and Doubles on six Bells with six Singles. 1. 2. and 3.

214365 | 321456 | 153462 | 164352 |
241635 | 234165 |  |  |
426153 | 243615 | 135426 | 146532 |
462513 | 426351 |  | 145623 |
645231 | 462531 | 153246 |  |
654321 | 645213 | 152364 | 154263 |
563412 | 654123 |  | 152436 |
536142 | 561432 | 125634 |  |
351624 | 516342 | 126543 | 125346 |
315264 | 153624 |  |  | sing.
132546 | bob. | 162453 | 125364 |
135264 | 135642 | 164235 | &c. |
312546 |  |  |  |
|  | 146325 |  |
|  | bob. |  |

This peal is taken out of the Dream upon five bells. Every time the whole-hunt is before, there being two changes of that peal made in this. Every bell is a perfect Hunt, when the whole-hunt is before dodg on the four hindmost, except the half-hunt be either in the 5th or Tenor’s place, then always bob as in Grandsire Bob, except the 218 quarter-hunt lieth next to the half-hunt, for then it is always to be a dodg on the four hindmost. Every other time that the whole-hunt and half-hunt come together before, there is single which is always made behind.

### A Twelvescore Trebles and Doubles. upon Six Bells.

214365 | 234165 | 261453 | 156423
241356 | 324156 | 216435 | 165243
423165 | 231465 | 124653 |
243156 | 213456 | 214635 | 615234
421365 | 124365 | 126453 | 165324
412356 |  | 162435 |
143265 | 142635 | 614253 | 163542
142356 | 416253 | 612435 | 136452
413265 | 461235 | 164253 |
431256 | 642153 | 146235 | 316425
342165 | 641235 | 412653 | 136245
432156 | 462153 | 142563 |
341265 | 426135 |  | 132654
314256 | 241653 | 145236 | 123564
132465 | 421635 | 154326 |
134256 | 246153 |  | 213546
312465 | 264135 | 514362 | 123456
321456 | 621453 | 154632 |
| 624135 |  |

In this peal the four foremost bells go a four and twenty Doubles and Singles, observing always, That for one Four and Twenty the 219bell in the Treble’s place is the hunting bell, and for the next the bell in the 4ths place throughout the peal, the two hindmost bells always dodging till the end of the Twenty Four; at which time there is a double made (if the bell in the Treble’s place was the Hunt in the Twenty Four) on the four middlemost; but if the bell in the 4ths place was the hunting bell, the double is to be made in Treble and 2d and 4th and 5th places.

### Cambridg Bob.

123456 | 325416
214365 | 352146
123465 | 531264
214356 | 532146
241365 | 351264
423156 | 315246
421365 | 132564
243156 | 315264
234516 | 132546
325461 | 135264
324516 | 312546
235461 | 135246
324561 | 312564
235416 | 321546
234561 | &c.

The Treble hath a constant dodging course; and when it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when the Treble dodgeth before, and then they lie still. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble comes there. When the Treble leaves dodging before, every bell leads twice, except when the Treble lieth still behind, and then the two first bells make a dodg. Bobs are made as in Grandsire Bob, and the warning for them the same also with that.

220

## Fourteen more Peals, composed at Cambridge.

### Doubles and Singles on five Bells.

#### The Parasite. 1 and 5.

In this peal the Bells behind always dodg, except the Treble prevents them. When Treble is leaving the 3ds place hunting up, the bells before dodg at whole pulls, if Tenor be not one of them, until it parts them. The course of the bells in hunting is the same with Tendring.

12345 | 35241 | 31524 | 42531
21354 | 35214 | 31542 | 42513
21345 | 53124 | 35124 | 24153
23154 | 53142 | 35142 | 24135
23145 | 51324 | 53412 | 21453
32415 | 51342 | 53421 | 21435
32451 | 15324 | 54312 | 12453
23415 | 15342 | 54321 | 12435
23451 | 13524 | 45231 | 14253
32541 | 13542 | 45213 | 14235
32514 |  |  | &c.

221

#### The Tulip. 1 and 2.

21354 | 51423
21345 | 51432
23154 | 54123
23145 | 54132
32415 | 45312
32451 | 45321
23415 | 54312
23451 | 54321
32541 | 45231
32514 | 45213
23541 | 54231
23514 | 54213
32154 | 45123
32145 | 45132
31254 | 41523
31245 | 41532
13254 | 14523
13524 | 14253
15342 | 12435
15432 |
| 12453
| &c.

In this peal Treble hunteth as in Tendring. When Treble is in third’s place hunting up, the bells dodg before at whole-pulls, till it comes and parts them. When it is in third’s place hunting down the bells behind always dodg, except it leadeth, till it parts them. When Treble is before there are four changes of twenty four doubles and singles; whereof the first is brought in by the hunting of the bells. All the singles in the Twenty four are made in the 3d and 4ths place, except 1–2 before, then extream behind.

#### The Honey-suckle. 1 and 2.

In this peal every bell leads four times. While every bell but Treble is leading, the 222bells behind always dodg: every 4th change is made by the four foremost bells. When Treble is leading there are four changes of Twenty four doubles and singles made as in the former peal. The first change is on the four bells before.

21435 | 53421 | 51342 | 24351 |
21453 | 53412 | 51324 | 24315 |
24135 | 35142 | 53142 | 42135 |
24153 | 35124 | 53124 | 42153 |
42513 | 31542 | 35214 | 41235 |
42531 | 31524 | 35241 | 41253 |
45213 | 13254 | 32514 | 14523 |
45231 | 13524 | 32541 | 14253 |
54321 | 15342 | 23451 | 12435 |
54312 | 15432 | 23415 |  |
|  |  | 12453 | &c.

### Peals on 5 bells, with twelve Singles.

#### Blunderbus. 1——2.

In this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble and 2d are together either before or behind, the farthest bells from them dodg till either of them part, excepting the extreams. When the Treble is before a single in 3d and 4th place, which is unmade the next time except 1——————2; for then the Hunts 223being together before, the bells behind must dodg according to the rule forementioned.

21354 | 14325 | 13452 | 51234 | 23154
23145 | 41235 | 13542 | 15324 | 21345
32415 | 42153 | 31452 | 15234 | 12354
34251 | 24513 | 34125 | 51324 | 12534
43521 | 25431 | 43215 | 53142 |
34512 | 52341 | 42351 | 35412 | 21543
43152 | 53214 | 24531 | 53421 | 25134
41325 | 35124 | 25413 | 35241 | &c.
14235 | 31542 | 52143 | 32514 |

#### Hudibras. 1 and 2.

In this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble is before a single always in 3d and 4th place which is unmade the next time, except it be 1——2, for then the bells behind dodg until Treble parts them.

21354 | 15423 | 14532 | 31245 | 25143
23145 | 51243 | 14352 | 13425 | 21534
32415 | 52134 | 41532 | 13245 | 12354
34251 | 25314 | 45123 | 31425 | 12534
43521 | 23541 | 54213 | 34152 |
45312 | 32451 | 52431 | 43512 | 21543
54132 | 34215 | 25341 | 45321 | 25134
51423 | 43125 | 23514 | 54231 | &c.
15243 | 41352 | 32154 | 52413 |

224

#### Weston Doubles. 1 and 5.

In this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt. Every other time Treble is leaving the 3ds place hunting up, the bells before dodg till it comes and parts them: the bells behind dodg but when Treble hinders them, except the extremes which are in 3d and 4ths place when it is 1——2 before; all the other singles are made behind when Treble is leading. It may be rang by making all the singles behind, by making the change before it is 1——2 on the bells before.

12345 | 13254 | 51432 | 45123 | 32514
21354 | 13245 | 15423 | 41532 | 23154
23145 | 31254 | 15432 | 14523 | 21345
32415 | 32145 | 51423 | 14532 | 12354
23451 | 23415 | 54132 | 41523 |
32541 | 24351 | 45312 | 45132 | 12534
23514 | 42531 | 54321 | 54312 | &c.
32154 | 45213 | 45231 | 53421 |
31245 | 54123 | 54213 | 35241 |

### Peals on five bells with 10 singles.

#### The Antilope.

In this peal the bells hunt as in Grandsire. When Treble is before, a single is always 225made by the Tenor, and the bell which followeth it, except two doubles which are made as the singles in Grandsire. It may be rang like Cambridg delight either way by observing the same method if like Cambridg delight the common way; and by making the singles by the half-hunt and the bell before it, if like Cambridg delight the other way.

21354 | 15243 | 34152 | 24531 | 53214 | 41253
23145 | 12543 | 31425 | 25413 | 52341 |
32415 | 21534 | 13452 | 52143 | 25431 | 15432
34251 | 25143 | 13425 | 51234 | 24513 | 14532
43521 | 52413 | 31452 | 15324 | 42153 |
45312 | 54231 | 34125 | 13524 | 41235 | 12354
54132 | 45321 | 43215 | 31542 | 14253 | Extr.
51423 | 43512 | 42351 | 35124 | 14235 | 13245

#### The Maremaid.

13254 | 12435
31245 | 21345
32154 | 12354
23145 | 21534
21354 | 12543
12534 | 15234
15243 | 51243
51234 | 15423
52143 | 51432
25134 | 15342
21543 | 51324
21453 | 53124
| &c.

In this peal behind dodg twelve changes, excepting the sixth which is made on the bells before, and the twelfth which is a single in the 3d and 4ths places; and twelve changes before, excepting also the sixth, which is made by the bells behind, and the twelfth which is a single in 2d and 3ds places. When they dodg behind, every odd change is on 226the last bells, and every even one a bob, excepting these two changes. When they dodg before, every odd change is a bob, and every even one on the four first bells, excepting likewise those two changes which are made according to the forementioned rule.

#### The Checkquer. 1 and 5.

21354 | 31254
23145 | 13524
32415 | 15342
34251 | 51432
43521 | 54123
45312 | 45213
54132 | 42531
51423 | 24351
15432 | 42315
14523 | 24135
41532 | 42153
45123 | 24513
54213 | 25431
52431 | 52341
25341 | 53214
23514 | 35124
32154 | 31542
31245 | 13452
13254 | 31425
13245 | 13425
| &c.

In this peal the Treble is whole-hunt, and Tenor the half-hunt for twenty changes; and then Tenor the whole-hunt and treble the half-hunt for the next twenty, and so they hunt by turns throughout the peal. When Treble is the whole-hunt the bells behind always dodg, except it hinders them; and when Tenor is the whole-hunt, the bells before, except that hinders them; when Treble is before and Tenor dodging behind, a single made by the Tenor and the bell which dodged with it; when Tenor is behind and Treble dodging before, a single made by the Treble and the bell which dodgeth with that.

227
21354 | 12543
23145 | 21453
32415 | 24135
34251 | 42315
43521 | 43251
45312 | 34521
54132 | 35412
51423 | 53142
15432 | 35124
14523 | 53214
41532 | 35241
45123 | 53421
54213 | 54312
52431 | 45132
25341 | 41523
52314 | 14532
25134 | 15423
21543 | 51243
12534 | 15234
21534 | 15243
| &c.

This peal may be rang by hunting the Treble and Tenor as before, and it differeth from it only in this; when it is 1——5 behind in the hunting of the Treble, the bells before dodg till Tenor parts them; and when it is 1——5 before, in the hunting of the Tenor the bells behind dodg till Treble parts them: and then when Treble is the whole-hunt and Tenor half, it is plain Cambridg delight inverted. It may be rang by hunting the half-hunt, as in Cambridg Delight the other way, in either of those ways of ringing it, but then the single is always made by the hunting bell.

An example in that like Cambridg Delight the other way.

228

#### Gogmagog. 1. 5.

21354 | 34512 | 12543
23145 | 43152 | 21534
32415 | 41325 | 25143
34251 | 14352 | 52413
43521 |  | 54231
45312 | 14325 | 45321
54132 | 41352 | 43512
51423 | 43125 | 34152
15243 | 34215 | 31425
12534 | 32451 | 13452
21543 | 23541 |
25134 | 25314 | 13425
52314 | 52134 | 31452
53241 | 51243 | 34125
35421 | 15234 | &c.

In this peal the bells hunt as in Grandsire, and it differeth from it in this, That there is not every other time a single bob, but in stead of a single one every other time a double one: so that only once in four times there is a single bob; when Tenor is dodging behind there is always a single made by it, and the bell which dodgeth with it if Treble leadeth, otherwise not.

#### 1——4.

This peal may be rung like Cambridg Delight, if every other time the dodging before be omitted; or it may be rang by dodging constantly as in Cambridg Delight, by making double bobs and single bobs as in Grandsire: it may likewise be rang by making the course of the half-hunt in all the 229ways of ringing it the same with Cambridg delight the other way; observing in all of them to make the singles as before directed.

An example of that like Cambridg Delight the other way, in which the dodging before is every other time omitted. 1——4.

21354 | 14523 | 12534 | 34152 | 25314
23145 | 41532 |  | 31425 | 52134
32415 | 45123 | 12543 | 13452 | 51243
34251 | 54213 | 21534 | 14325 | 15234
43521 | 52431 | 25143 | 41352 |
45312 | 25341 | 52413 | 43125 | 15243
54132 | 52314 | 54231 | 34215 | 51234
51423 | 25134 | 45321 | 32451 | 52143
15432 | 21543 | 43512 | 23541 |

#### Cambridg Marigold. 1. 2. and 3.

214356 | 312564 | 165432
241536 | 321654 | 164523
425136 | 236154 |
452316 | 263514 | 146253
453261 | 265341 | 142635
542361 | 623541 |
543216 | 625314 | 124365
534126 | 652134 | 124635
351426 | 561234 | &c.
315246 | 516324 |
132546 | 153624 |
135264 | 156342 |

In this peal are 720 changes, which are all doubles except 12 singles which are made as in Plain trebles and doubles. Treble is a perfect Hunt, and except the dodges (which are the same as in Oxford double Bob) every double change is made by the treble and the 230three next bells to it: observing always that the bell in Tenor’s place lieth still ’till it giveth place to the Treble, or be removed by a dodg behind when the Treble is before. When Treble leaveth 3ds place hunting up, the bell that then comes before, leads thrice, and likewise the next bell after it till Treble cometh back into 3ds place again; at all other times every bell leads twice. The bell in Tenor’s place lieth five times behind, (and when the single is made in the middle ten times) till treble remove it; and when treble comes back it lieth five times more behind, and then is displaced by a dodg behind and hunts down at whole-pulls. This peal may be rang by making bobs single and double as in Grandsire Bob with but two singles or two trebles, which must be made just Eighteen score changes one from the other.

#### The Nightingall. 1. 2. and 3.

In this peal are 720 changes, which are all doubles except twelve singles, which are made as in the former peal; and if you ring Grandsire Bob upon it, there may be but two singles, or else two trebles, as in the Marigold. Treble is a perfect Hunt: the bells in 4th 231and 5th places dodg till treble parts them, and then the two foremost bells do the like for eight changes together till treble hinders them, and gives way to the other two bells to dodg again in the 4th and 5th places, which is always for three changes and no more, except when the single is made in that place, and then they dodg six times. When treble is behind, dodg the four first; when it is before on the four last, as in Marigold.

123456 | 356241
213546 | 536214
231456 | 356124
324156 | 531624
234516 | 513264
324561 | 153624
235461 | 156342
325416 |
235146 | 165432
321546 | 164523
312456 |
132546 | 146253
135264 | 142635
315624 |
351264 | 124365
532164 | sing.
352614 | 124635
532641 |

FINIS.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Page | Changed from | Changed to
--- | --- | ---
14 | 1564364160 | 1744364160
14 | 29554290720 | 29654190720
14 | 2446144 | 2496144
14 | 99728079819200 | 99638080819200
14 | 1402645824276320 | 1402556105125320
15 | 561058329 | 561022442
15 | 140564582 | 140255610.5
18 | one Load, consistng of five hundred | one Load, consisting of five hundred
18 | rate of thrteen shillings and four pence the | rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the
21 | I have therefoae penn’d the following Treatise | I have therefore penn’d the following Treatise
34 | cannot soon attain, are therefore much puzled | cannot soon attain, are therefore much puzzled
47 | which we will imagine so be made at the | which we will imagine to be made at the
59 | 2d. 3d. 4. | 2d. 3d. 4th.
59 | 3134 1243 2134 | 2134 1243 2134
64 | course, threfore an extream | course, therefore an extream
70 | 123459 —————— a 213456 | 123456 —————— a 213456
83 | 13257 15342 14523 | 13254 15342 14523
86 | the motion of the Hunt, (which a little further | the motion of the Hunt, (with a little further
88 | hapens to be single, it must be made at the | happens to be single, it must be made at the
97 | those bels do hunt the contrary way, then the | those bells do hunt the contrary way, then the
97 | of the peal. If the 1 or 3d do hunt | of the peal. If the 1st or 3d do hunt
98 | 12345 ————— 21435 24135 42315 32351 | 12345 ————— 21435 24135 42315 42351
100 | 12345 ————— 21354 23154 32513 | 12345 ————— 21354 23154 32514
102 | 13254 23245 12354 12345 | 13254 13245 12354 12345
104 | single exery time the treble leads. The | single every time the treble leads. The
106 | 51423 15243 12534 31543 | 51423 15243 12534 21543
120 | 31245 23254 13524 | 31245 13254 13524
131 | 54231 52413 52134 24513 42153 | 54231 52413 25431 24513 42153
132 | third change at the heginning, and that six | third change at the beginning, and that six
133 | the rest of the changes there are made hehind | the rest of the changes there are made behind
134 | the 2d and 3d places as hefore | the 2d and 3d places as before
134 | he made in the 2d and 3d places as hefore | be made in the 2d and 3d places as before
137 | treble is the whole | The treble is the whole
138 | times hehind, and twice in every other place. | times behind, and twice in every other place.
140 | making of bobs it will | making of bobs it will go
145 | next time the whole-hont | next time the whole-hunt
149 | 153624 135642 135652 —————— 125463 bob | 153624 135642 —————— 125463 bob
156 | 165432 156342 513634 531642 356124 | 165432 156342 513624 531642 356124
156 | 165243 156423 —————— 132495 bob | 165243 156423 —————— 132465 bob
168 | ’Tis plainly demonstrable, that he Principle | ’Tis plainly demonstrable, that the Principle
181 | peal, succeding each other in the several | peal, succeeding each other in the several
182 | change; and with peals of the later, the 3d | change; and with peals of the latter, the 3d
185 | 42361875 24368157 42631865 24613857 42168375 | 42361875 24368157 42631875 24613857 42168375
189 | four middle hells, except the bobs which are | four middle bells, except the bobs which are
192 | 42513 42531 45214 45231 54321 | 42513 42531 45213 45231 54321
193 | 45213 45123 41532 14523 14251 | 45213 45123 41532 14523 14253
205 | dodg till the whole-hunt dindreth them, till | dodg till the whole-hunt hindreth them, till
206 | together either hehind or before: for then | together either behind or before: for then
212 | 42315 24153 41231 14352 13425 | 42315 24153 41235 14352 13425
223 | 24531 25413 42143 51234 15324 | 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324
223 | 31245 13425 63245 31425 34152 | 31245 13425 13245 31425 34152
225 | 25143 52413 54131 45321 43512 | 25143 52413 54231 45321 43512
225 | as the singles in Gransire. It may be rang like | as the singles in Grandsire. It may be rang like
229 | 54231 45321 43521 34152 31425 | 54231 45321 43512 34152 31425
229 | —————— 146253 142645 —————— | —————— 146253 142635 ——————

1. Corrected the Errata faults.
2. Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.

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