## The Project Gutenberg eBook of Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings, Volume 1 (of 2)

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Elizabeth Montagu, the queen of the bluestockings, Volume 1 (of 2)

Her correspondence from 1720 to 1761

Author: Mrs. Montagu

Editor: Emily J. Climenson

Release date: April 18, 2023 [eBook #70591]

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: John Murray, 1906

Credits: Fay Dunn and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELIZABETH MONTAGU, THE QUEEN OF THE BLUESTOCKINGS, VOLUME 1 (OF 2) ***

# ELIZABETH MONTAGU
THE QUEEN OF THE BLUE-STOCKINGS
HER CORRESPONDENCE FROM
1720 TO 1761

## Transcribers’ Note

The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is placed in the public domain. It is based on the original cover.

Original cover

A combination of volumes one and two of “Elizabeth Montagu” is also published at Project Gutenberg. The inter-volume references (e.g. in the index) are working links in that version.

Please also see the note at the end of this volume.

C. F. Zincke. Pinx. Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Mrs. Montagu
née Elizabeth Robinson
from a miniature in the possession of Miss Montagu

ELIZABETH MONTAGU
THE QUEEN OF THE
BLUE-STOCKINGS

HER CORRESPONDENCE FROM
1720 TO 1761

BY HER GREAT-GREAT-NIECE
EMILY J. CLIMENSON
AUTHORESS OF “HISTORY OF SHIPLAKE,”
“HISTORICAL GUIDE TO HENLEY-ON-THAMES,”
“PASSAGES FROM THE DIARIES OF MRS. P. LYBBE POWYS,” ETC., ETC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

IN TWO VOLUMES—VOL. I

LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
1906

PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED
LONDON AND BECCLES

AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
TO
MY COUSINS
MAGDALEN WELLESLEY
AND
ELIZABETH MONTAGU
BY
THE AUTHORESS

[vii]

## PREFACE.

From my early youth I heartily desired to know more of the life of my great-great-aunt, Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu. Every scrap of information I could pick up respecting her I accumulated; therefore when my cousins, Mrs. Wellesley and her sister, Miss Montagu, in October, 1899, gave me the whole of her manuscripts contained in 68 cases, holding from 100 to 150 letters in each, my joy was unbounded!

In 1810 my grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby (her nephew and adopted son), published two volumes of her letters; these were followed by two more volumes in 1813. To enable him to perform this pleasing task he asked all her principal friends to return her letters to him, beginning with the Dowager Marchioness of Bath,[1] daughter of the Duchess of Portland, who gave him back the earliest letters to her mother, many carefully inserted in a curious grey paper book by the duchess, who placed the date of reception on each, and evidently valued them exceedingly. The Rev. Montagu Pennington returned her letters to his aunt, Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, the learned translator of Epictetus; Mrs. Freind those to her husband; and many other people did the same. From General Pulteney, at Lord Bath’s death, she had asked for and[viii] received her correspondence with Lord Bath, which she carefully preserved. At the death of Lord Lyttelton, the executors, at her request, returned her her letters; those to Gilbert West and other correspondents were returned in the same manner. Meanwhile she kept all letters of her special friends, as well as notabilities, so that one may deem the collection quite unique, though doubtless many letters have disappeared, notably those of Sir Joshua Reynolds, many of whose letters were destroyed by an ignorant caretaker of Mrs. Montagu’s house, Denton Hall, near Newcastle-on-Tyne. There are none of Horace Walpole’s, from whom she must have received some; and those from several other celebrities she knew well are missing.

[1] Née Elizabeth Cavendish, born 1735, died 1825, ætat 91.

Owing to the enormous quantity of letters undated, the sorting has been terribly difficult, and I spent one entire winter in making up bundles and labelling each year. My grandfather made a variety of mistakes as to the dates of the letters. I hope I have atoned for some of his deficiencies, though a few mistakes are probably inevitable. He nearly blinded himself by working at night, and my grandmother[2] had constantly to copy the letters in a large round hand to enable him to make them out. After my grandmother’s death he discontinued arranging them, though they might have been continued till 1800, the year of Mrs. Montagu’s death.

[2] Née Elizabeth Charlton.

In the present volumes only her early life is presented, interwoven with portions of her most intimate friends’ letters to herself. Were the whole of this vast correspondence printed, a large bookcase could be filled with the volumes. In order to consult the varied tastes of the general reader, I have endeavoured to pick out the most interesting portions of her letters, such as relate to customs, fashions in[ix] dress, price of food, habits, but I have often groaned in spirit at having to leave out much that was noble in sentiment, or long comments upon contemporary books and events. If life should be spared me, I hope to be able to continue my narrative, for, like the ring produced by a stone thrown on the water, her circle of friends and acquaintances increased yearly, and not only comprised her English friends and every person of distinction in Great Britain, but also the most distinguished foreigners of all nations, notably the French. It has been asserted that Gilbert West was the first person to influence Mrs. Montagu on religious points. That his amiable Christianity may have strengthened her religious opinions I do not deny, but I hope it will be seen from this book that from her earliest days, when at the height of her joie de vivre, the religious sentiment was existent—a religion that prompted her ever to the kindest actions to all classes, that had nothing bitter or narrow in it, no dogmatism. Adored by men of all opinions, and liking their society, she was the purest of the pure, as is amply proved by the letters of Lord Lyttelton, Dr. Monsey, and others, but she was no prude with all this. Her worthy husband adored her, and no wife could have been more devoted and obedient than she was. His was a noble character, and doubtless influenced her much for good. As a wife, a friend, a camarade in all things, grave or gay, she was unequalled; as a housewife she was notable, beloved by her servants, by the poor of her parish, and by her miners and their wives and children. She planned feasts and dances and instituted schools for them, and fed and clothed the destitute.

With Mr. Raikes[3] she was one of the first people[x] to institute Sunday-schools. She was as interested in Betty’s rheumatism as she was in the conversation of a duke or a duchess; a discussion with bishops and Gilbert West on religion, or with Emerson on mathematics, or Elizabeth Carter on Epictetus, all came alike to her gifted nature. She danced with the gay, she wept with the mourner; her sympathies never lay idle, even to the very end of life; and in a century which has been deemed by many to be coarse, uneducated, and irreligious, her sweet wholesome nature shone like a star, and attracted all minor lights. Where in the twentieth century should we find a coterie of men and women of the highest rank and influence in the world, either from intellect or position, so content and devoted to each other, so free from the petty jealousies and sarcasms of the present fashionable society, so anxious for each other’s welfare, socially and morally; so free from cant or prudery, so devoted to each other’s interest?

[3] Robert Raikes, born 1735, died 1811. The first Sunday-school instituted by him in 1781.

A great and terrible break in this book was caused by the death of my beloved husband in May, 1904, after a long, lingering illness. I doubt if I should have taken courage to resume my pen if it had not been for my friend Mr. A. M. Broadley, whose interest in my literary work and affectionate solicitude for myself has been a kindly spur to goad me on to action, so as to complete the present volumes. To him I tender my thanks for past and present encouragement, as well as many other kindnesses.

EMILY J. CLIMENSON.

[xi]

## CONTENTS TO VOL. I.

[xv]

## LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOL. I.

Mrs. Montagu (née Elizabeth Robinson) | Frontispiece
From a miniature by C. F. Zincke, in the possession of The Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, Farnham Royal. (Photogravure.) |
TO FACE PAGE
Mount Morris, near Hythe, Kent | 8
From an old print, 1809. |
Miss Morris, Grandmother of Mrs. Montagu | 16
From a picture (artist unknown), in the possession of the Hon. Elizabeth Montagu. (Photogravure.) |
Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Robinson (Mrs. Montagu’s Father and Mother) | 32
From a picture by W. Hamilton, in the possession of The Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, Farnham Royal. (Photogravure.) |
W. Freind, D.D., Dean of Canterbury | 64
From the picture by T. Worlidge. |
William, Second Duke of Portland | 76
From the picture by Thomas Hudson, in the possession of the Duke of Portland. (Photogravure.) |
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu | 80
From a miniature (artist unknown), in the possession of Mrs. Climenson. (Photogravure.) |
Sir Thomas Robinson (1st Baron Rokeby) | 100
From a picture (artist unknown), in the possession of The Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, Farnham Royal. (Photogravure.) |
Morris Robinson | 144[xvi]
From the picture by the Rev. M. W. Peters, R.A., in the possession of The Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, Farnham Royal. (Photogravure.) |
Sandleford Priory, near Newbury, Berkshire | 152
From a photograph. |
Denton Hall, Northumberland | 160
Margaret Cavendish Harley, Duchess of Portland | 192
From the picture by Thomas Hudson, in the possession of the Duke of Portland. (Photogravure.) |
Lady Lechmere (née Howard), Afterwards Lady (Thomas) Robinson | 208
From a picture (artist unknown), in the possession of The Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, Farnham Royal. (Photogravure.) |
Gilbert West | 296
From an engraving by E. Smith, after W. Walker. |

Robinson Pedigree | In pocket at end of Vol.

[1]

ELIZABETH MONTAGU

THE QUEEN OF THE BLUE-STOCKINGS

## CHAPTER I.
GIRLHOOD UP TO 1738, AND BEGINNING OF THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND.

THE ROBINSON FAMILY

Before entering on the life of Elizabeth Robinson, afterwards Mrs. Edward Montagu, the famous bas bleu, the focus, as she may be called, of all the cleverest and most intellectual society of the last half of the eighteenth century, a few words must be said of the family she sprang from. The Robinsons are said to have been originally Robertsons, the name being corrupted into Robinson. They are in many Peerages[4] said to descend from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, who descended from Duncan de Atholia, Earl of Athole, hence descendants of Duncan, King of Scotland. My grandfather, the 4th Baron Rokeby, in an unfinished pedigree, believed this, but there have been Robinsons bearing the same[5] coat-of-arms in Yorkshire as early as the time of copyhold record in Edward III.’s reign.[2] However, they may have been related. Our narrative starts from William, said to be younger son of the 7th Baron Robertson of Strowan, who, being deprived of his portion of inheritance as younger son by the Earl of Athole, fled into England, and settled at Kendal in Westmorland, in the time of Henry VIII. He had three children, Ralph, Henry, and Ursula. Ralph married Agnes Philip, by whom he had William, who succeeded to his father’s estates at Kendal and Brignal, and who on June 7, 1610, bought the estate of Rokeby in Yorkshire from Sir Thomas Rokeby, whose family had been possessed of it before the Conquest. Rokeby continued to belong to the Robinson family for 160 years, when “Long Sir Thomas Robinson” sold it in 1769 to John B. Saurey Morritt, the friend of Sir Walter Scott. The Robinsons finally assumed two lines (vide Pedigree), William, the eldest, remaining master of Rokeby, and his posthumous brother, Leonard, becoming the direct ancestor of our heroine. Leonard Robinson was a merchant in London; he became Chamberlain of the City of London, and was knighted on October 26, 1692. He married, first, Lucy Layton, of West Layton, etc., by whom he had no issue. For his second wife he married Deborah, daughter of Sir James Collet, Knight and Sheriff of London, by whom he had six daughters, all of whom married and had issue, and one son, Thomas, who married a widow, Elizabeth Light. She was daughter of William Clarke, Esq., of Merivale Abbey, Warwickshire, and heiress of her brother, William Clarke. By her first husband, Anthony Light, she had one daughter, Lydia. By her second marriage with Thomas Robinson she had three sons. Matthew, the eldest, alone concerns us as father of Mrs. Montagu. The following table will show the connection between the Robinson and Sterne[3] families: the Rev. Laurence Sterne marrying their cousin, Elizabeth Lumley:—

PEDIGREE OF THE ROBINSONS AND STERNES

{Skip transcribed table} {See image for table}

1st. Anthony Light 1 daughter. | = ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | Elizabeth Clarke, daughter of William Clarke, of Merivale Abbey, Warwickshire; heiress to her brother, William Clarke. | = ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | 2nd. Thomas Robinson, son of Sir Leonard Robinson.
| ｜ |  | ｜ |
1st. Thomas Kirke of Cockridge, co, Yorks. Great Virtuoso. d. 1709 | = | Lydia | = ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | 2nd. The Rev. Robert Lumley of Lumley Castle, Rector of Bedale, Yorks, 1721–1731. | Matthew Robinson. | = | Elizabeth Drake, daughter of Councillor Robert Drake, of the Drakes of Ash, Devon.
｜ |  | ｜ |
Lydia | = | Rev. Henry Botham, Vicar of Albury and Ealing. 5 children. | Elizabeth | = ｜ ｜ | Rev. Laurence Sterne.
| ｜ |  | ｜ |
| Lydia died an infant. |  | Lydia | = | | A. de Medalle.
| Son.

[4] Vide Debrett and Lodge’s Peerages; Collin’s Baronetage, 1741, vol. iv.; Burke, “The New Peerage,” by W. Owen, 1785; and Longmate’s Peerage.

[5] Coat vert, a chevron between three bucks trippant. Mrs. Laurence Sterne and her sister, Mrs. Botham, as will be seen in the letters, call Matthew Robinson and his wife “Uncle” and “Aunt,” they being really their step-uncle and aunt. Thomas Robinson died at the early age of thirty-three, in the year 1700.

1694
THE MORRIS FAMILY

We now enter on the history of Matthew Robinson, the eldest surviving son of Thomas, and his wife Elizabeth. He was born in 1694, therefore was only six years old when his father died. At an early age he was entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, and became a fellow-commoner. He was a person of great intellectual parts, a conversationalist and wit, the life of the coffee-houses, which then served, as clubs do nowadays, as a rendezvous for men of fashion. His talent for painting was remarkable. His great nephew states, “He acquired so great a proficiency as to excel most of the professional artists of his day in landscape.” At the early age of eighteen, in 1712, he married [4]Elizabeth Drake, daughter of Councillor Robert Drake, of Cambridge, descended from the Drakes of Ashe in Devonshire. Elizabeth’s mother’s name was Sarah Morris. The Morris family had been seated in Kent at East Horton since the reign of Elizabeth. Thomas Morris, father of Sarah, built the mansion of Mount Morris, sometimes called Monk’s Horton, near Hythe. He had one son, Thomas, who was drowned under London Bridge on his return from Holland in 1697, ætat 23. His sister Sarah had two children by Councillor Drake, Morris and Elizabeth. Their maternal grandfather lived to 1717, when he devised his estates to his grandson, Morris Drake, with the proviso of his assuming the extra name of Morris, and failing of his issue with remainder to Elizabeth, his sister, then Mrs. Matthew Robinson. Her mother, Mrs. Drake, having become a widow, had remarried the celebrated Dr. Conyers Middleton, but had no children by him. The following table will elucidate this:—

{Skip transcribed table} {See image for table}

Thomas Morris, Esq., of Mount Morris, alias Monk’s Horton,[6] Kent, which he built; d. 1717.
| ｜ |
｜ | ｜ |
Thomas, drowned under London Bridge, 1697, ætat 23, returning from Holland. | Sarah, d. Feb. 19, 1730–1. ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | = | 1st. Councillor Robert Drake, 2nd. (1710) Dr. Conyers Middleton, of Trinity College, Cambridge.
｜ | ｜ |
Morris Drake (Morris) took name of Morris on becoming heir to his grandfather; died s.p. His property entailed on his sister, Eliz. Robinson. | Elizabeth, m. 1713, d. 1745, sister and heir of her brother, Morris Drake Morris. Inherited Coveney, Cambs., and Mount Morris, Kent. | = | Matthew Robinson, of Edgeley and of West Layton Hall, Yorks. Born at York, 1694; died October, 1778.

[6] Monk’s Horton, or Up Horton, alienated by Heyman Rooke in the time of Queen Anne to Thomas Morris, who entailed it to his daughter’s male issue.

1712
ELIZABETH ROBINSON

[5]

To return to the Robinsons, they settled at their property of West Layton Hall, derived from Lucy Layton, first wife of Sir Leonard Robinson, and Edgeley in Wensleydale for the summer, and spent the winter in York; most country families at that period repairing to London or their nearest county town for convenience and society during the winter. To this young couple were born twelve children, of whom seven sons and two daughters lived to grow up—

1. Matthew, born April 6, 1713; afterwards 2nd Baron Rokeby. Educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; became a Fellow. Died November 30, 1800, ætat 87.

2. Thomas, born 1714, died in 1746–7. Barrister-at-law.

3. Morris, born 1715, died 1777; of the Six Clerks’ Office.

4. Elizabeth, born at York, October 2, 1720, died August 25, 1800.

5. Robert, Captain, E.I.C.S. Died in China, 1756.

6. Sarah, born September 21, 1723, died 1795.

7. William, born 1726, died 1803.

8. John, of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

9. Charles, born 1733, died 1807.

DR. CONYERS MIDDLETON

Elizabeth, the subject of this book, was about seven years old when, by the death of her uncle, Morris Drake Morris, her mother inherited, as his heir, the important property of East Horton, and Mount Morris in Kent. The family then left Yorkshire for residence at Mount Morris. But before and after their inheritance of the Kentish property much time was spent with the Conyers Middletons both at Coveney, Cambridgeshire, a property Mrs. Conyers Middleton had inherited from her first husband, Councillor Drake; the advowson of the living being hers, she bestowed it on her second[6] husband, Dr. Conyers Middleton,[7] whom she had married in 1710; also at Cambridge, where was their usual residence, and where several of the little Robinsons were born in their grandmother’s house, as we learn from a letter of Dr. Middleton’s. Elizabeth Robinson was naturally much with her grandmother, with whom and Conyers Middleton she was a great favourite. Her nephew and adopted son, in his volumes of her letters[8] that he published in 1810, states—

“Her uncommon sensibility and acuteness of understanding, as well as extraordinary beauty as a child, rendered her an object of great notice in the University, and Dr. Middleton was in the habit of requiring from her an account of the learned conversations at which, in his society, she was frequently present; not admitting of the excuse of her tender age as a disqualification, but insisting that although at the present time she could but imperfectly understand their meaning, she would in future derive great benefit from the habit of attention inculcated by this practice.”

[7] Conyers Middleton, D.D., born 1683, died 1750. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, etc., etc. Wrote the “Life of Cicero,” etc., etc.

[8] “The Letters of Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu,” by her nephew, Matthew Montagu, afterwards 4th Baron Rokeby.

Her father was proud of her vivacious wit, and encouraged her gifts of repartee which she possessed in as large a measure as himself.

“In her youth her beauty was most admired in the peculiar animation and expression of her blue eyes, with high arched eyebrows, and in the contrast of her brilliant complexion with her dark brown hair. She was of the middle stature, and stooped a little, which gave an air of modesty to her countenance, in which the features were otherwise so strongly marked as to express an elevation of sentiment befitting the most exalted condition.”

[7]

1727–28

Her elder brothers, members of Cambridge University, were all extremely literary, and became, early, distinguished scholars. We are told—

“Their emulation produced a corresponding zeal in their sisters, and a diligence of application unusual in females of that time. Their domestic circle was accustomed to struggle for the mastery in wit, or in superiority in argument, and their mother, whose frame of mind partook rather of the gentle sedateness of good sense than of the eccentricities of genius, was denominated by them ‘the Speaker,’ from the frequent mediation by which she moderated their eagerness for victory.”

MOUNT MORRIS —
LADY MARGARET CAVENDISH HARLEY

In Harris’s “History of Kent,” published in 1719, on p. 156, is a picture of Mount Morris, the home of the Robinsons, a large square house with a cupola surmounted by a ball and a weathercock, surrounded by a number of walled gardens laid out in the formal Dutch manner, an inner Topiary garden, leading to a steep flight of steps to the front door. Whilst staying in Cambridgeshire, Elizabeth had several times visited at Wimpole with her father and mother. Wimpole was the seat of Edward,[9] second Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, who had married Henrietta Cavendish, only daughter and heiress of John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-on-Tyne. She was a great heiress, and brought her husband £500,000; she is said to have been a good but a very dull woman, very proud, and a rigid worshipper of etiquette. In the “National Biography” she is said to have “disliked most of the wits who surrounded her husband, and hated Pope!”[10] The Earl spent [8]enormous sums in collecting books, manuscripts, pictures, medals, and articles of virtu, spending £400,000 of his wife’s fortune. To him we are indebted for the Harleian manuscripts, bought from his widow in 1753 for £10,000 by the nation, now in the British Museum. With the Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley,[11] only child of the Earl and Countess of Oxford, Elizabeth became on the most intimate terms, and her first extant letter is addressed to her when she was only eleven years old, and the Lady Margaret eighteen. So greatly did Lady Margaret value Elizabeth’s letters, that for a series of years she preserved them between the leaves of an old grey book which I possess. The first letter is endorsed, “Received, February 24, 1731–2, at Wimpole.” It commences—

“Madam,

“Your ladyship’s commands always give me a great deal of pleasure, but more especially when you ordered me to do myself this honour, without which I durst not have taken that liberty, for it would have been as great impertinence in me to have attempted it as it is condescension in your ladyship to order it.”

This alludes evidently to Lady Margaret having desired her to write to her. It ends—

“My duty to my Lord and Lady Oxford, and service to Lord Dupplin,[12] and my best respects to Miss Walton,[13] hope in a little while it may be duty. I am in great hopes that when your ladyship sees any impertinent people in London it will put you in mind of, Madam,

“Your ladyship’s most obliged, humble servant,
“Eliz. Robinson.”

[9] Lord Oxford sold Wimpole in 1740 to Lord Hardwick to pay off his debts.

[10] Pope was his bosom friend, Swift and Prior also; the latter died at Wimpole.

[11] Prior celebrated the Lady Margaret in the lines commencing “My noble, lovely, little Peggy.”

[12] Afterwards 8th Earl of Kinnoul.

[13] Lady Margaret’s governess, about to be married.

MOUNT MORRIS.

[9]

1731–32

The formal terms in this letter were then considered essential, even when addressing those of lower birth, all the more so to a person of Lady Margaret’s rank. Viscount Dupplin, whose name frequently occurs in the letters, was a cousin of Lady Margaret’s on her father’s side, his mother being a daughter of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford. The two young friends now kept up a lively correspondence, but as many of the letters have been published by my grandfather in 1810, I shall for this early period of her life give only a résumé of them, picking out such facts as point to the manners of the time, or that strike one as of interest. From Mount Morris in August, 1732, she writes—

“Since I came here I have been to Canterbury Races, at which there was not much diversion, as only one horse ran for the King’s Plate.... We had an assembly for three nights; the rooms are so small and low that they were exceedingly hot.”

From this date one perceives that young ladies were allowed to appear in public early, as Elizabeth was then not quite twelve years old!

1733
TUNBRIDGE WELLS

In October, 1733, she paid, in company of her parents, her first visit to Tunbridge Wells, ever afterwards such a favourite resort of hers. She says—

“It is so pleasant a place I don’t wonder the physicians prescribe it as a cure for the spleen; a great part of the company, especially of the gentlemen, are vapoured. When the wind is not in the east they are very good company, but they are as afraid of an easterly wind as if it would bring caterpillars upon our land as it did on the land of Egypt.... I am very sorry I could not get you any verses at Tunbridge, of which, at the latter part of the season, when the garrets grow cheap, that the poets come down, there is commonly great plenty.”

[10]

Further on she says, “I thank your ladyship for the verses, and I wish I had any to send you in return for them, but my poet is turned lawyer, and has forsook the Muses for ‘Coke upon Littleton.’” This alludes to her brother Tom, who was then studying law. The collecting of verses on every sort of circumstance seems to have been as fashionable then as photograph, autograph, or stamp-collecting, etc., are now.

“MRS.” PLACE

In the next letter of November, 1733, she alludes to Dr. Conyers Middleton, who, as stated before, had married Mrs. Drake, Elizabeth’s grandmother, and who was now a widower—

“I suppose you have heard Dr. Middleton has brought his Cousin Place[14] to keep his house. He very gravely sent us word that his cousin had come to spend the winter with him, and it was not impossible they might agree for a longer time; so I fancy he has brought her with him to see if she likes to play at quadrille, and sup on sack posset with the grave doctors, whose company to one of her gay temper must be delightful. I suspected his designs when he made so many complaints in London, that it was so very difficult to find a maid who understood making jellies and sack posset, which he and a certain doctor used to have for their suppers. He lost one lady because she was deaf to him; but I believe that fortune, to make amends to him, has blinded this. For though I don’t doubt he always takes care to show her the side of his face which Mr. Doll says is younger by ten years than the other, yet that is rather too old to be a match for twenty-five, which I believe is the age of Mrs.[15] Place.”

[14] Mary, daughter of the Rev. Conyers Place, of Dorchester. She died April 26, 1745.

[15] It was the custom at this time to give spinster ladies the complimentary title of “Mrs.”

[11]

The next letter she says—

“I have not heard from Dr. Middleton a great while. I suppose his thoughts are taken up with business and his pretty cousin in the West. I don’t know whether she has made a complete conquest of his heart.”

In May, 1733—

“Dr. Middleton now owns his marriage. I wish he finds the felicity of it answers his resigning a £100 a year. I am glad, for the sake of any other family, he has not got another rich widow; if he had, it would have been her turn to resign.”

This alludes to the fact that on the learned doctor’s remarriage he had to resign his fellowship.

MR. ROBINSON

Mr. Robinson, Elizabeth’s father, was not fond of the country, where his wife’s fine estate and his nine children condemned him to reside the greater part of the year; and when we consider how young a man he was, then only thirty-one, and his great love of witty society, one cannot be surprised at his having attacks of the “hyp” or “vapours,” as the terms for ennui were then. Elizabeth writes to Lady Margaret from Mount Morris—

“Though I am tired of the country, to my great satisfaction I am not so much so as my Pappa; he is a little vapoured, and last night, after two hours’ silence, he broke out with a great exclamation against the country, and concluded in saying that living in the country was sleeping with one’s eyes open. If he sleeps all day, I am sure he dreams much of London. What makes this place more dull is, my brothers are none of them here; two of them went away about a fortnight ago, and ever since my Pappa has ordered me to put a double quantity of saffron[16] in his tea.”

[12]

[16] Saffron, said to be good for heaviness of spirits.

1734

February 11, 1734, she writes—

“Dr. Middleton sends us word my Pappa’s acquaintance wonder he has not the spleen, but they would cease their surprise if they knew he was so much troubled with it that his physicians cannot prescribe him any cordial strong enough to keep up his spirits. We think London would do it effectually, and I believe he will have recourse to it.”

THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND

On July 11, 1734, Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley married William, 2nd Duke of Portland.[17] There are no letters of Elizabeth’s in my possession on the occasion of her friend’s marriage; they recommence October 20 in the same year. Henceforward all the duchess’s letters were franked by the duke, and many of Elizabeth’s, often unfortunately undated. At this period ladies prevailed on such of their friends as were either Peers or members of Parliament, to sign sheets of letter-paper with their names at the back, often of folio size, which they used free of cost as they wanted them, wrapping their letters in these outer sheets and sealing them. As a single letter from London to Edinburgh cost 1s. 1½d., if double 2s. 3d., and if treble 3s. 4½d., the smallest inclosure being treated as an additional sheet, to send letters unfranked was a costly luxury. The practice of forging people’s names led to such intolerable abuse of franking that an Act was passed in 1764 making it compulsory for the whole address to be written by the person franking the letter.

[17] William, 2nd Duke of Portland, born 1708, died 1762. Hearne, in his Diary, says, “Is reported the handsomest man in England.”

In October, the same year, Elizabeth replies to a letter from the duchess chiding her for not writing—

“Oct. 3, 1734.—I am surprised that my answer to [13]your Grace’s letter has never reached your hands. I sent it immediately to Canterbury by the servant of a gentleman who dined here, and I suppose he forgot to put it in the post. I am reconciled to the carelessness of the fellow, since it has procured to me so particular a mark of your concern. If my letter were sensible, what would be the mortification, that instead of having the honour to kiss your Grace’s hands, it must lie confined in the footman’s pocket with greasy gloves, rotten apples, a pack of dirty cards, and the only companion of its sort, a tender epistle from his sweetheart, ‘tru tell deth.’ Perhaps by its situation subject to be kicked by his master every morning, till at last, by ill-usage and rude company, worn too thin for any other use, it may make its exit in lighting a tobacco-pipe. I believe the fellow who lost my letter knew very well how ready I should be to supply it with another.

“I am, Madam,
“Your Grace’s most obedient servant,
“Elizabeth Robinson.”
“FIDGET”

The duchess’s favourite name for Elizabeth was “Fidget,” a name adopted by all the Bullstrode[18] circle. This was due to her vivacity of mind and body. She was never really a strong person, but her nervous energy enabled her frail body to perform feats that a more lethargic person could not have accomplished. “Why should a table that stands still require so many legs when I can fidget on two?” she would exclaim. The duchess returns an answer on October 25, portions of which I copy—

“Dear Fidget,

“I assure you I am very angry at the fellow’s not taking care of your letter, for they always give me infinite pleasure, and I esteem it as a great loss. I am [14]very sensible of the friendship you have for me, and hope you never shall find any reason to the contrary. You have painted extremely well the fate of your letter was not according to its deserts.... Pray do you hear anything of Dr. Middleton and his fine wife?[19] I had a letter not long ago wherein it was said she made the doctor very sensible she had a tongue, and a very sharp one too, with the addition of a clear and distinct voice. If you have any poetry, send it to me; you know it will be acceptable to her who is

“Dear Fidget’s
“Very humble servant and admirer,
“M. Cavendish Portland.”

[18] The duchess always spelt Bullstrode with the double l, from the story of the place, and I choose to do the same.

[19] On Dr. Middleton’s second wife.

DRAWING LESSONS

In Elizabeth’s next letter, November 3, 1734, she regrets that her father, having recovered his spirits, had given up going to Bath as projected, and says—

“One common objection to the country, one sees no faces but those of one’s own family, but my Pappa thinks he has found a remedy for that by teaching me to draw; but then he husbands these faces in so cruel a manner that he brings me sometimes a nose, sometimes an eye at a time: but on the King’s birthday, as it was a festival, he brought me out a whole face with its mouth wide open. Your Grace desired me to send you some verses; I have not heard so much as a Rhyme lately, and I believe the Muses have all got agues in this country, but I have enclosed you the following Summons which we sent an old bachelor, who is very much our humble servant, and would die but not dance for us; but being once in great necessity for partners, we thought him better than an elbow chair, and compelled him to come to this Summons, which pleased me extremely, as I believe it was the first time he ever found the power of the fair sex.... I am so far from Cambridge, and have no friend charitable enough to send me any scandal, [15]I have heard nothing of either of the doctors, but as to my dear grandmother,[20] I have before heard she was as famous as a free speaker as he is for a free-thinker.[21]

[20] This is Elizabeth’s fun, as her own grandmother was dead, and the doctor was her step-grandfather.

[21] Dr. Middleton held free-thinking views on the Old Testament.

A SUMMONS

“‘Summons.

“‘Kent, to J. B., Esqre.[22]

“‘Whereas complaint has been made to us Commissioners of Her Majesties’ Balls, Hopps, Assemblies, &c., for the county aforesaid, that several able and expert men, brought up and instructed in the art or mistery of Dancing, have and daily do refuse, though often thereunto requested, to be retained and exercised in the aforesaid Art or Mistery, to the occasion of great scarcity of good dancers in these parts, and contrary to the Laws of Gallantry and good manners, in that case made and provided: And whereas we are likewise credibly informed that you J. B., Esqre., though educated in the said Art by that celebrated Master, Lally, Senior, are one of the most notorious offenders in this point, these are therefore in the name of the Fair Sex, to require you, the said J. B., Esqre., personally to be and appear before us, at our meeting this day at the sign of the “Golden Ball,” in the parish of Horton, in the county aforesaid, between the hours of twelve and one in the forenoon to answer to such matter as shall be objected against you, concerning the aforesaid refusal and contempt of our jurisdiction and authority, and to bring with you your dancing shoes, laced waistcoat and white gloves. And hereby fail not under peril of our frowns, and being henceforth deemed and accounted an Old Bachelor. Given under our hands and seals this eighth day of October, 1734, to which we all set our hands.’”

[22] James Brockman, of Beachborough. The summons is still kept at Beachborough.

[16]

THE “GOLDEN BALL”

The “Golden Ball” was the ball of the weathercock on the lantern cupola of the house at Mount Morris. In the next letter, November 20, she says—

“Out of my filial piety I would persuade my Pappa to set out for London. I have been preaching to him all this day, that when Saul had the spleen, David’s musick did him a great deal of good, and that I am satisfied Farinelli[23] would do him as much service. He goes frequently shooting or coursing, and fancies that will prevent its return, and to answer me with the Scripture, says, Nimrod the mighty hunter never had the Hyp. Dr. Middleton designed to bring his Dearee to London, but if she is so gay it may be as prudent to keep her at Cambridge ... if it should enter her head that the doctor is no greater than another, what a mortification it would be to my good Grand-pappa; if he knows himself and her, I think he would agree with Arnolfe in L’Ecole des Femmes[24]—

“‘Que c’est assez pour elle, a vous en bien parler,
De savoir prier Dieu, l’aimer, coudre, et filer.’”

[23] Carlo Brocchi, whose professional name was Farinelli, vocalist and pupil of Porpora.

[24] A play of Molière’s.

Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Miss Sarah Morris

Mr. Robinson, who drew and painted in a style worthy of a professional artist, was anxious Elizabeth should become a proficient in the same art, but she writes to the duchess—

“If you design to make any proficiency in that art, I would advise you not to draw old men’s heads. It was the rueful head countenance of Socrates or Seneca that first put me out of conceit of it; had my Pappa given me the blooming faces of Adonis or Narcissus, I might have been a more apt scholar; and when I told him I found those great beards difficult to draw, he gave me St. [17]John’s head in a charger, so to avoid the speculation of dismal faces, which by my art I dismalized ten times more than they were before, I threw away my pencil.”

1735
TUNBRIDGE WELLS

In October, 1735, the duchess’s first child was born, Elizabeth, eventually wife of the 1st Marquis of Bath. Elizabeth writes to congratulate her, and states she heard Dr. Mead (then the great ladies’ doctor) pronounced it the finest child he ever saw. Elizabeth had just returned from her first visit to Tunbridge Wells for her health, suffering much from headaches and weak eyes. At this period the Dowager Duchess of Portland died. The letters up to this date were addressed to “To Her Grace, The junior Duchess of Portland.”

LORD STANHOPE

Elizabeth writes a description of her five weeks at Tunbridge Wells. After comments on an unhappy marriage recently made, she says—

“You know some of our Grub Street wits compared marriage to a country dance, which scheme I extremely approved, but when I read it, I thought it should have been set to the tune of ‘Love for ever;’ but they say it never did go to that tune, nor ever would. I danced twice a week all the time I was at Tunbridge, and once extraordinary, for Lord Euston[25] came down to see Lord Augustus Fitzroy,[26] and made a ball. Lord Euston danced with the Duchess of Norfolk,[27] but her Grace went home early, and then Lord Euston danced with Lady Delves. We all left off about one o’clock. The day after I left the Wells, I went to the Races (Canterbury), which began on Monday, and ended on Thursday.... Monday there was an Assembly, Tuesday a Play, Wednesday an Assembly again, and Thursday another play, and as soon as that was over, we had a ball where we had ten couple. I did not go to [18]bed after our private ball till six o’clock, and rose again before nine.

“The person who was taken most notice of at Tunbridge as particular is a young gentleman your Grace may be perhaps acquainted with, I mean Lord Stanhope.[28] He is always making mathematical scratches in his pocket-book, so that one half the people took him for a conjurer, and the other half for a fool.”

[25] George, Earl of Euston, son of the 2nd Duke of Grafton.

[26] A brother of Lord Euston.

[27] Wife of Edward, 9th Duke of Norfolk.

[28] Philip, 2nd Earl Stanhope, born 1714.

In a letter of October 2 is the first mention of Mrs. Pendarves,[29] afterwards Mrs. Delany. It runs—

“Your pleasures are always my satisfactions; I assure you I partake at Mount Morris all the happiness you tell me you receive at Bullstrode. I am sure Mrs. Pendarves cannot give you any pleasure in her conversation that she is not repayed in enjoying yours. I am glad you have got so agreeable a companion with you; it is a happiness you have not always enjoyed, though deserved.”

[29] Née Mary Granville, widow of Mr. W. Pendarves, born 1700, died 1788. Daughter of John Granville.

LADY THANET

Mention is made of the duchess’s desire to obtain beautiful shells, and Elizabeth desired her sailor brother Robert, who had just returned from Italy, and was going in his ship to the East Indies, to bring home what he can in shells and feathers of all sorts—parrots, peacocks, etc.—for work the duchess was doing. This feather work became a rage of both the duchess and Elizabeth, and was the precursor of the celebrated feather hangings, immortalized by Cowper’s verses in Elizabeth’s later years. A humorous description of Lady Thanet,[30] then the great lady of West Kent, an amusing character, and great-aunt of the Duchess of Portland, is given in the same letter—

[19]

“Lord Thanet[31] said when he came to Kent this summer that Lord Cowper[32] had brought his Countess[33] to affront all East Kent, and he had brought his Countess to affront all West Kent. She was a little discomposed one day at dinner and threw a pheasant and a couple of partridges off the table in shoving them up to my Lord to cut up.”

[30] Mary, 4th daughter and coheiress of 2nd Marquis of Halifax.

[31] 7th Earl of Thanet.

[32] William, 2nd Earl Cowper.

[33] Henrietta, daughter of Earl Grantham.

1737

Early in 1737, the second daughter of the duchess’s was born—Henrietta, afterwards Countess of Stamford and Warrington. Elizabeth writes to congratulate her on the event. She and her family were very ill of fever that summer, thirteen persons down with it in the house. The smallpox raged at Canterbury, and Mrs. Robinson would not allow her daughters to attend the races. In a letter of September mention is made of Dr. Conyers Middleton’s disappointment at not obtaining the Mastership of the Charter House, which he most desired. Another peep at Lady Thanet—

“Lady Thanet came into this part of the country ten days ago; her French woman rode astride through the wilds of Kent, and the country people having heard her Ladyship was something odd, took Mademoiselle for Lady Thanet.”

The first letter extant between Elizabeth and Miss Anstey, sister of Christopher Anstey, the author of the “New Bath Guide,”[34] may be placed here, though undated, except “Mount Morris, near Hythe, July 15.” This extract shows her vivacious nature—

[34] The “New Bath Guide” was not written till 1766. The Ansteys lived at Brinckley near Cambridge.

“Yesterday I was overturned coming from a neighbour’s. We got no hurt at all, but were forced to borrow [20]a coach to bring us the rest of the way, our own being quite disabled by the fall.... I always think one visits in the country at the hazard of one’s bones, but fear is never so powerful with me, as to make me stay at home, and the next thing to being retired, is to be morose: contemplation is not made for a woman on the right side of thirty, it suits prodigiously well with the gout or the rheumatism: rest and an elbow chair are the comfort of age, but the pleasures of youth are of a more lively sort. I have in winter gone eight miles to dance to the music of a blind fiddler, and returned at two in the morning, mightily pleased that I had been so well entertained. I am so fond of dancing that I cannot help fancying I was at some time bit by a tarantula,[35] and never got well cured of it. I shall this year lose my annual dancings at Canterbury Races, for my Papa has made a resolution (I assure you without my advice) not to go to them.”

[35] It was believed that a tarantula’s bite was only to be cured by dancing.

MERSHAM HATCH —
THE PLAY

In the next letter to the duchess, October 15, 1737—

“Lady Thanet made a ball at Hothfield a few days ago to which she did our family the honour to invite them, and as we were obeying her commands and got into the coach with our ball airs and our dancing shoes, at five miles of our journey we met with a brook so swelled by the rain it looked like a river, and the water, we were told, was up to the coach seat, and as I had never heard of any balls in the Elysian Fields, and don’t so much as know whether the ghosts of departed beaux wear pumps, I thought it better to reserve ourselves for the Riddotto[36] than hazard drowning for this ball, and so we turned back and went to Sir Wyndham Knatchbull’s,[37] who were hindered by the same water; for my part I could think of nothing but the ball, when any one [21]asked me how I did I cry’d tit for tat, and when they bid me sit down, I answered ‘Jack of the green.’ A few days after the ball, Lady Thanet bespoke a play at a town eight miles from us, and summoned us to it; two of my brothers, and my sister,[38] and your humble servant went, and after the play the gentlemen invited all the women to a supper at a tavern, where we staid till two o’clock in the morning, and then all set out for their respective homes. Here I suppose you will think my diversion ended, but I must tell your Grace it did not; for before I had gone two miles, I had the pleasure of being overturned, at which I squalled for joy; and to complete my felicity I was obliged to stand half an hour in the most refreshing rain, and the coolest north breeze I ever felt; for the coach’s braces breaking were the occasion of our overturn, and there was no moving till they were mended. You may suppose we did not lose so favourable an opportunity of catching cold; we all came croaking down to breakfast the next morning, and said we had caught no cold, as one always says when one has been scheming, but I think I have scarce recovered my treble notes yet. We had seven coaches at the play; there was Lord Winchilsea,[39] Lady Charlotte Finch,[40] Lady Betty Fielding,[40] Capt. Fielding,[41] his lady, and the Miss Palmers.[42] Mr. Fielding and Miss Molly Palmer caught such colds they sent for a physician the next day; Lady Knatchbull and Miss Knatchbull have kept their beds ever since: poor Lady Thanet was overturned as she went home, and caught a terrible hoarseness, which was the better for the poor coachman, who by that means escaped a sharp and shrill reproof; and indeed it is enough for any poor man to lye under the terror of her frowns, with a look she can wound, with a [22]frown she can kill; I think I never saw so formidable a countenance. I think Lord Thanet’s education of his son[43] is something particular; he encourages him in swearing and singing nasty ballads with the servants: he is a very fine boy, but prodigiously rude; he came down to breakfast the other day when there was company, and his maid came with him, who, instead of carrying a Dutch toy, or a little whirligig for his Lordship to play with, was lugging a billet for his plaything. There was a fine supper at the ball, 33 dishes all very neat. My elder brother got out of the coach and put on a pair of boots, and rode on to the ball when we turned back.”

[36] An entertainment of music first and afterwards dancing.

[37] 5th Baronet. His place called Mersham Hatch.

[38] Sarah Robinson, three years younger than Elizabeth.

[39] Daniel, 7th Earl Winchilsea.

[40] Sisters of Lord Winchilsea.

[41] Father of Henry Fielding, the novelist.

[42] Daughters of Sir Thomas Palmer of Wingham, Kent. Miss Molly afterwards 2nd Lady Winchilsea.

[43] Sackville Tufton, 8th Earl of Thanet, born 1733.

LADY WALLINGFORD

November 21, the duchess writes to condole with Elizabeth on the loss of the ball, and mentions having been staying with the Duke at Lady Peterborough’s[44]—

“Bevis Mount[45] is the most delightful place I ever saw, the house bad and tumbling down, but there is a summer-house in the garden, such a one! From thence there is a prospect of the sea, the Isle of Wight, New Forest, the town of Southampton, the garden laid out with an elegant taste, and in short everything that is agreeable, but particularly the Mistress.... Lord and Lady Wallingford are with us now; they are extremely agreeable. I fancy you must have seen her in public places. She is extremely pretty, and in the French dress.”

[44] Née Anastasia Robinson, wife of the 3rd Lord Peterborough.

[45] Bevis Mount, in Southampton.

Lady Wallingford was the daughter of John Law, the famous financier, by his wife Katherine Knollys, third daughter of Charles Knollys, titular 3rd Earl of Banbury. Mary Katherine Law married in 1732 her first cousin, called Viscount Wallingford.

[23]

THE SUIT OF CLOATHES

At this period, though undated, may be placed Elizabeth’s request to her father for a handsome suit of clothes. In a letter to her mother she thanks her “for your goodness in giving me leave to stay, and making it convenient to answer the Duchess’s and my wishes to stay during her confinement. When we came to town the Duchess reckoned the end of April.” From Bullstrode, therefore, she accompanied the duchess and her family to Whitehall, where in a portion of the old palace was the Portlands’ town residence. Elizabeth was now in her eighteenth year. In a letter to her father, too lengthy to insert entirely, worded in the respectful way children addressed their parents then, with “Sir” and “Madam,” and concluding with “your most dutiful daughter,” she says—

“You know this year I am to be introduced by the Duchess to the best company in the town, and when she lies in, am both to receive in form with her all her visits as Lady Bell[46] used to do on that occasion, all the people of quality of both sexes that are in London, and I must be in full dress, and shall go about with her all the winter, therefore a suit of cloathes will be necessary for me, the value of which I submit entirely to you. I shall never so much want a handsome suit as upon this occasion of first appearing with my Lady Duchess; but as the first consideration is to please you, I would by no means urge this beyond your pleasure, by duty or inclination, I shall always be content with what you order, and hope you will not be displeased with my requests.”

[46] Lady Isabella Bentinck, sister of the duke.

To this appeal her father sent her £20, and she returns thanks thus:—

“Whitehall, Thursday.

“Sir,

“Wit is seldom accompanied with money, but your letter came to me with so much of both, that I can neither send you thanks, nor an answer worthy of [24]your present epistle. You are very good to gratify my bosom friend, vanity, which, though it does not abandon me in a plain gown, takes greater delight in seeing me in a handsome one, and it has promised me that I shall appear to advantage in my new suit of cloathes, both to myself and other people.... The Duchess, with her advice, will help me to make the best use of your generosity. I have been to the Mercer’s, but have not yet pitched upon a silk.... Mr. Pope has wrote an epitaph upon himself, which is not by far the best monument of his wit; it is a trifling thing, and seems wrote for amusement. I would send it you if I could, but I have not got a copy of it; as soon as I have I will convey it to Mount Morris, where I imagine you may want amusements, and our roads are not smooth enough for Pegasus.”

ROBERT ROBINSON

This epitaph is probably the one commencing “Under this marble, or under this sill, or under this turf, or e’en what they will.” At the end of the letter she says of her sailor brother—

“Now Robert is secure of his commission, his life is something hazardous, but he holds danger in contempt, the golden fruit of gain is always guarded by some dragon which courage or vigilance must conquer.”

He had just been made captain of the Bedford, a ship in the merchant service. Evidently Mrs. Robinson wrote a letter of advice as to the important choice of “cloathes.” The answer runs—

“Madam,

“I have obeyed your commands as to my cloathes, and have bought a very handsome Du Cape within the twenty pounds; a little accident which had happened to the silk in the Lomb made it a great deal cheaper, and, I believe, will not be at all the worse when made up; the colour in some places is a little damaged, but that will [25]cut for the tail, and the rest is perfectly good. It will last longer clean than a flowered silk, and I have already had two since I have been in Mantuas:[47] I saw some of 25s. a yard that I did not think so pretty. Pray, Madam, let my thanks be repeated to my Pappa, to whose goodness I owe this suit of cloathes.... Pray send me by Tom the figured Dimity that was left of my upper coat, for it is too narrow and too short for my present hoop, which is of the first magnitude.”

[47] The expression then used for the period when young ladies were what we call “out.”

ANNE DONNELLAN

At the end of this letter Anne Donnellan is mentioned for the first time. She was a friend of Dean Swift’s, together with her sister, Mrs. Clayton, and her brother, the Rev. Christopher Donnellan. Anne Donnellan’s pet name in the Duchess of Portland’s circle was “Don,” as Mrs. Pendarves (afterwards Mrs. Delany) was “Pen,” Miss Dashwood “Dash,”[48] and Lady Wallingford “Wall.”

[48] The “Delia” of the poet Hammond.

[26]

## CHAPTER II.
LIFE IN BATH, LONDON, AND AT BULLSTRODE, 1738–1740 BEGINNING OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH MRS. DONNELLAN.

1738

On April 16, 1738, the Duchess of Portland’s son, William Henry, afterwards 3rd Duke, was born, after which Elizabeth returned home with her father. On June 30 the duchess wrote to apologize for a long silence—

“I should have answered dear Fidget’s letter before I left London, but you are sensible what a hurry one lives in there, and particularly after being confined some months from public diversions, how much one is engaged in them, Operas, Park, Assemblies, Vaux Hall—which I believe you never had the occasion of seeing. You must get your Papa to stay next year: it is really insufferable going out of town at the most pleasant time of the year. I am positive the easterly winds have much greater effect upon the spirits in the country, than it is possible they should have in London. I dare say the chief part of the year your Papa is in town he don’t know which way the wind is, except when he goes into a Coffee House and meets with some poor disbanded Officer who is quarrelling with the times and consequently with the weather, because he is not a General in time of peace; or a valetudinarian, that if a fly settled on his nose, would curse the Easterly wind, and fancy it had sent it there; these are the only people that ever thought of East wind in London.”

[27]

At the end of the letter the duchess says, “My amusements are all of the Rural kind—Working, Spinning, Knotting, Drawing, Reading, Writing, Walking, and picking Herbs to put into an Herbal.”

SIR ROBERT AUSTIN

This little peep of her life is most characteristic, though fond of the pleasures of high society diversions, and the varieties of London, she took an interest in all sorts of country and domestic pursuits, and excelled in them. She turned in wood and ivory; she was familiar with every kind of needlework; she made shell frames, adorned grottoes, designed feather work, collected endless objects in the animal and vegetable kingdom; was a hearty lover of animals and birds of all kinds. Her letters are lively and affectionate, but not clever and witty as her friend Elizabeth Robinson’s. She complains of her stupidity in letter-writing. Elizabeth had the witty head, and the duchess the cunning hand, but both possessed that valuable possession, warm hearts. To the duchess’s last letter Elizabeth replies—

“I arrived at Mount Morris rather more fond of society than solitude. I thought it no very agreeable change of scene from Handel[49] and Cafferelli.[50]... Sir Francis Dashwood’s sister is going to be married to Sir Robert Austin, a baronet of our county; if the size of his estate bore any proportion to the bulk of his carcase, he would be one of the greatest matches in England ... a lady may make her lover languish till he is the size she most likes ... as it is the fashion for men to die for love, the only thing a woman can do is to bring a man into a consumption; what triumph then must attend the lady who reduces Sir Robert Austin ... to asses’ milk. Omphale made Hercules spin, but greater glory awaits the lady who makes Sir Robert Austin lean.... I told [28]my Pappa how much he laid under your Grace’s displeasure for hurrying out of town: but what is a fine lady’s anger, or the loss of London, to five and forty? They are more afraid of an easterly wind than a frown when at that age.”

[49] George Frederick Handel, born 1685, died 1759.

[50] Gaetano Majoriano Caffarelli, celebrated Italian singer, pupil of Porpora, died 1783.

VARIOUS RECIPES —
THE GOAT

On December 17 Elizabeth writes to the duchess in answer to a string of queries the latter had sent her—

“I must take the liberty to advise what is to be done, and to avoid confusion will take them in the order of the letter. Item, for the wet-nurse[51] after the chickenpox, that she may become new milch again, a handful of Camomile flowers, a handful of Pennyroyal, boiled in white wine, and sweetened with treacle, to be taken at going to rest. For my Lord Titchfield who grows prodigiously, Daisy roots and milk. For the small foot and taper ancle of my Lady Duchess, bruised and strained by a fall, a large shoe and oil Opodeldock. For the horse whose Christian name I have forgotten, Friar’s Balsam, and for the death of a dormouse take four of the fairest Moral and Theological Virtues, with patience and fortitude, quantum sufficit, and they will prevent immoderate grieving.... I heard a very ridiculous story a few days ago: Mr. Page, brother to Sir Gregory, going to visit Mr. Edward Walpole,[52] a tame goat which was in the street followed him unperceived when he got out of the coach into the house. Mr. Walpole’s servant, thinking the goat came out of Mr. Page’s coach, carried it into the room to Mr. Walpole, who thought it a little odd Mr. Page should bring such a visitor, as Mr. Page no less admired at his choice of so savoury a companion; but civility, a great disguiser of sentiments, prevented their declaring their opinions, and the goat, no respecter of persons or furniture, began to rub himself against the frame of a chair which was [29]carved and gilt, and the chair, which was fit for a Christian, but unable to bear the shock of a beast, fell almost to pieces. Mr. Walpole thought Mr. Page very indulgent to his dear crony the goat, and wondering he took no notice of the damage, said he fancied tame goats did a great deal of harm, to which the other said he believed so too: after much free and easy behaviour of the goat, to the great detriment of the furniture, they came to an explanation, and Mr. Goat was turned downstairs with very little ceremony or good manners.... Dr. Middleton has got two nieces whom he is to keep entirely, for his brother left them quite destitute. They are very fine children, and my Grannam is very fond of them. The doctor is soon to bring forth his ‘Cicero,’ everybody says the production will do him credit. Lady Thanet has set an assembly on foot about eight miles from hence, where we all meet at the full moon and dance till 12 o’clock, and then take an agreeable journey home. Our assembly in full glory has ten coaches at it; and Lady Thanet, to make up a number, is pleased in her humility to call in all the parsons, apprentices, tradesmen, apothecaries, and farmers, milliners, mantua-makers, haberdashers of small wares, and chambermaids. It is the oddest mixture you can imagine—here sails a reverent parson, there skips an airy apprentice, here jumps a farmer, and then every one has an eye to their trade; the milliner pulls you by the hand till she tears your glove; the mantua-maker treads upon your petticoat till she unrips the seams; the shoemaker makes you foot it till you wear out your shoes; the mercer dirties your gown; the apothecary opens the window behind you to make you sick. Most of our neighbours will be in town by the next moon, so we shall have no more balls this winter. In town the ladies talk of their stars, but here, ‘If weak women go astray, the moon is more in fault than they.’ Will o’ Whisp never led the bewildered traveller over hedge or ditch as a moon does us country folk; a squeaking fiddle is an occasion, and a moonlight night an opportunity, to go ten miles in[30] bad roads at any time. I must tell your Grace that my Papa forgets twenty years and nine children, and dances as nimbly as any of the Quorum, but is now and then mortified by hearing the ladies cry, ‘Old Mr. Robinson hay sides, and turn your daughter:’ other ladies who have a mind to appear young say, ‘Well, there is my poor Grandpapa; he could no more dance so.’ Then comes an old bachelor of fifty and shakes him by the hand, and cries, ‘Why you dance like us young fellows:’ another more injudicious than the rest, says by way of compliment, ‘Who would think you had six fine children taller than yourself? I protest if I did not know you I should take you to be young.’ Then says the most antiquated Virgin in the company, ‘Mr. Robinson wears mighty well; my mother says he looks as well as ever she remembers him; he used often to come to the house when I was a girl.’ You may suppose he has not the ‘hyp’ at these balls; but indeed it is a distemper so well bred as never to come but when people are at home and at leisure.”

[51] Wet-nurse of the Marquis of Titchfield.

[52] Son of Sir Robert and brother of Horace Walpole.

1739
WILLIAM AND GRACE FREIND

In April, 1739, Elizabeth’s cousin, Grace Robinson, sister of “Long” Sir Thomas Robinson,[53] married the Rev. William Freind,[54] son of the Rev. Dr. Robert Freind, Head Master of Westminster School. Soon after the marriage, Elizabeth, who appears to have known Mr. Freind intimately before he married her cousin, writes from “Leicester Street, near Leicester Fields,” to Mr. and Mrs. Freind, “How rare meet now, such pairs in love and honour joyn’d,” and addresses them as “my inestimable cousins.” She states that her family return to Kent shortly, whilst she is going to the Duchess of Portland in White Hall. Elizabeth writes [31]to the duchess on July 1, 1739, having just returned home from her visit—

“I have thought of nothing but the company I was in on Tuesday since I left town, though a worshipful Justice with a new leathern belt, scarlet waistcoat and plush breeches, has been endeavouring this whole afternoon to put you out of my head. I have been forced to hear the most elegant encomiums upon the country, and the most barbarous censures upon the town. First his Worship talked of Larks and Nightingales, then enlarged upon the sweetness of bean blossom, roses and honeysuckles, said the town stunk of cabbages and limekilns, so that I found as to pleasures he was lead by the nose.”

[53] Sir Thomas Robinson, eldest son of William Robinson, of Rokeby; made a baronet in 1730. Called “Long” Sir Thomas to distinguish him from Sir Thomas Robinson, afterwards 1st Baron Grantham.

[54] Succeeded his father as Rector of Whitney, Oxon, and afterwards Dean of Canterbury.

COUNTRY BEAUX

Further on she says, the Canterbury Races were to be on July 18, and begs her Grace, if she knows any dancing shoes which lye idle, to bid them trip to Canterbury, as there will be many forsaken damsels—

“Our collection of men is very antique, they stand in my list thus: a man of sense, a little rusty, a beau a good deal the worse for wearing, a coxcomb extremely shattered, a pretty gentleman, very insipid, a baronet very solemn, a squire very fat, a fop much affected, a barrister learned in ‘Coke upon Lyttelton’ but knows nothing of ‘long ways for many as will,’ an heir-apparent, very awkward; which of these will cast a favourable eye upon me I don’t know.”

THOMAS ROBINSON —
A BONE-SETTER

She was destined not to go after all, for she writes—

“Mount Morris, July 18, 1739.

“Madam,

“The great art of life is to turn our misfortunes to our advantage, and to make even disappointments instrumental to our pleasures. To follow which rule I have taken the day which I should have gone to the Races to write to your Grace. About ten days ago my [32]Papa took an hypochondriacal resolution not to go to the Races, for the Vapours and Love are two things that seek solitude, but for me, who have neither in my constitution, a crowd is not disagreeable, and I always find myself prompted by a natural benevolence and love of Society to go where two or three are gathered together.... The theory of dancing is extreamly odd, tho’ the practice is agreeable; who could by force of reasoning find out the satisfaction of casting off right hand and left, and the Hayes; we often laugh at a kitten turning round in pursuit of its tail, when the creature is really turning single. I shall have an account of the Races from my brother Robinson, who is there; as for the Barrister,[55] he came down to the Sessions, and when he had sold all his Law, packed up his saleable eloquence and carried it back to Lincoln’s Inn, there to be left till called for. Would you think a person so near akin to me as a brother could run away from a ball? I hear some Canterbury girls who could aspire no higher than a younger brother, are very angry, and say they shall never put their cause into his hands, as he seems so little willing to defend it.... Next year we must certainly go to the Races for the good of the county, and dance out of the spirit of Patriotism. The Election year always brings company to Canterbury upon this occasion, and as for me I will dance to either a Whig or a Tory tune, as it may be, for in any wise I will dance. I am not like the dancing Monkies who will only cut their capers for King George, I will dance for any man or Monarch in Christendom, nay were it even a Mahometan or idolatrous King; I should not make much scruple about it. I had the misfortune to be overturned the other day coming from Sir Wyndham Knatchbull’s,[56] the occasion of it was one of our wheels coming off. I assure you I but just avoided the indecency of being topsy turvey, my head was so much lower than its usual situation, as put my ideas much out of place, and I think my head has[33] been in a perfect litter ever since.... I shall begin to think from my frequent overturns a bone-setter a necessary part of equipage for country visiting. I am sure those who visit much, love their neighbours better than themselves; perhaps you will be as apt to suspect me as anybody of that extream of charity, but I am so tender of myself there are few I would hazard even a gristle or a sinew, but civility is a debt that must be paid. I hope in all accidents I shall preserve a finger and thumb, to write myself

“Your Grace’s most obedient and obliged
“Humble servant,
“E. Robinson.

“My humble service to the Duke.”

[55] Her brother Thomas.

[56] At Mersham Hatch.

Hamilton, Pinx. Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Mr. & Mrs. Matthew Robinson

DUKE OF PORTLAND

The duchess was now expecting her confinement, and Lady Wallingford, who was staying with her, corresponded with Elizabeth in French. Owing to the residence of her father in France as Superintendent of Finances, she was more French than English. Her letters are well written and expressed, though the spelling is peculiar. At a later date she writes to Elizabeth in broken English, and she scolds her for making her correspond in English instead of French. Horace Walpole, in a letter to the Earl of Buchan, states that Lady Wallingford was the image of her father, and that her mother, Lady Katherine Law, lived during her husband’s power in France in great state. On July 26, 1739, another daughter, Lady Margaret, was born to the duchess. Dr. Sandys was, as usual, the accoucheur, but it makes one horrified in these days to think Dr. Sandys bled the duchess for a feverish cold on the Monday and Thursday after her child was born. Truly under this San Grado treatment it was then the “survival of the fittest”! The duke now wrote a bulletin of his wife to Elizabeth—

[34]

“Whitehall, August 9, 1739.

“Madam,

“Tho’ J have not been overturned you’ll imagine by the scrawl you receive yt both my thumb and forefinger have been dislocated; J own j can’t agree with you in yt for j flatter myself j have the use of them, but if you please j’ll agree with you that they never were in joint, for which reason j am not so sensible of ye loss of jointed fingers, as you might be had yours been broke by the overturn of your coach, which accident j hope may never happen to you. The Dss. is as well as can be expected tho’ a little weak, and is extremely obliged to you for your letter, and also begged j would hint yt tho’ she can’t wright letters she can read them, j need not explain my meaning to you. She desires her kind service to Fidgett; and should be glad if you would make her compliments acceptable to your Mama, etc.

“j am with the uttmost respect, Madam,
“Your most obedient, humble servant,
“Portland.”

The duke’s writing is very characteristic, but certainly rather disjointed looking, and his I’s always written as long j’s.

Elizabeth had just had another coach adventure. The coachman who drove her father and mother and her brother Matthew home after dining at a neighbour’s, was drunk, which they did not perceive till he lashed the four horses into a furious gallop. In vain Mr. Robinson called to him, and swore at him; Matthew and Mrs. Robinson intreated; he persisted in lashing the horses till he fell off the box, and two wheels ran over him, but as Elizabeth states, “being preserved in beer, took very little harm; both footmen were drunk, so took very little care about us.”

In a letter to the duchess (August 15) we find Elizabeth and her sister Sarah banished from home to Canterbury on account of a woman and three children[35] who lived in a farmhouse near the gate of Mount Morris having the smallpox. That fell disease ever inspired Elizabeth with great dread. Later in life at three different times she was inoculated,[57] each time unsuccessfully, for this disease, then a universal scourge. I should like the foolish fathers and mothers of the present day who petition for non-vaccination to read the accounts given in letters I possess of the unbridled ravages then made by smallpox, and to consider that a usually temporary inconvenience to the child’s health is a very trifling infliction compared with a loathsome disease, which many people fled from nursing, and which even if it did not kill the sufferers, probably disfigured them for life. The sisters first stayed with Mrs. Scott,[58] and then with Mrs. Tennison, “wife to a prebend in this church; there is very little company here, except Deans, Prebends and Minor Canons, etc., etc.; nothing but messages and visits from Prebends, Deacons, and the Church militant upon earth.” Later on, speaking of her brother Matthew’s refusal to leave home on account of the smallpox, she says, “I have seven brothers, and would not part with one for a kingdom; and if I had but one, I should be distracted about him; sure nobody has so many or so good brothers.”

[57] Lady Mary Wortley Montagu introduced inoculation into England in 1721.

[58] Of Scott’s Hall.

INFLUENZA —
THE SMALLPOX

Meanwhile the duchess had a return of fever, and was for some days in great danger. On August 28 Lady Wallingford writes to say she was out of danger. Influenza was rife then, and Lady Wallingford states that she had not a single lackey fit to attend her from her house to Whitehall, but had walked there by herself, though still suffering from its effects. It was not then called influenza, but from the description must have[36] been that disease. Eight out of the nine in the farm at Mount Morris caught the smallpox, and the duke, writing to Elizabeth on September 15, a bulletin about his wife, adds—

“Both she and j[59] join in entreating you not to venture yourself, and that pretty face of yours, to come within the walls of your paternal mansion, and were j in your situation, nothing but absolute commands should make me venture myself.”

[59] The “j” for “I,” characteristic of the duke’s writing.

After her visit to Canterbury, Elizabeth spent a month at Mersham Hatch with the Knatchbulls. She now became seriously indisposed; her health was always frail, and she appears to have suffered much from headaches at this period. In a letter to the duchess she complains—

“I have swallowed the weight of an Apothecary in medicine, and what I am the better for it, except more patient, and less credulous, I know not. I have learnt to bear my infirmities and not to trust to the skill of Physicians for curing them. I endeavour to drink deeply of Philosophy, and to be wise when I cannot be merry, easy when I cannot be glad, content with what cannot be mended, and patient where there be no redress. The mighty can do no more, and the wise seldom do as much.”

On October 10 she announces that she and her mother, who had been extremely unwell too, had been advised to drink the Bath waters, and were to be accompanied there by her father. She hopes to see the duchess on her way to Bath, but bids her tell her porter to admit her, as she has grown so thin—

“he will think it is my ghost and shut the door. I shall stay but a few days in town and then proceed with[37] my Father and Mother, to the waters of life and recovery. My Pappa’s chimney ‘hyp’ will never venture to attack him in a public place; it is the sweet companion of solitude and the off-spring of meditation, the disease of an idle imagination, not the child of hurry and diversion. I am afraid that with the gaiety of the place, and the spirits the waters give, I shall be perfect Sal-Volatile, and open my mouth and evaporate.... I was a month at Hatch, where the good humour of the family makes everything agreeable; we had great variety in the house—children in cradles, and old women in elbow chairs. I think the family may be looked upon as the three tenses, the present, past and future.”

COTTAGE LIFE

On a fresh scare being caused by the illness of her maid, which the old women of the parish pronounced to be smallpox, Mrs. Robinson sent Elizabeth and Sarah to the cottage of the carpenter hard by without delay, though so late that Elizabeth writes—

“I arrived at my new lodging but the moment before it was time to go to bed, where I slept pretty well, notwithstanding the goodman and his wife snored, the little child cryed, the maid screamed, one little boy had whooping cough, another roared with chilblains. The furniture of our chamber is extraordinary, the ornamental parts as follows:—on the mantelpiece four stone tea-cups, four wineglasses, two broken, two leaden cherubims, a piece of looking-glass, with a ‘beggerly account of empty bottles,’ as Shakespeare calls it, a print of King Charles the Martyr, the woeful ballad of the children in the wood, a pious copy of verses entitled ‘the believer’s gold chain, or good councell for all men,’ with a resplendent brass warming pan, in which my sister is dressing her head to the disadvantage of her complexion, and not much to the rectitude of her head-dress.”

The alarm proved to be false as to the nature of[38] the maid’s illness, and they returned the next day to the paternal mansion.

EDMUND CURLL

On November 12 Elizabeth writes from Bath to her sister a long and indignant letter upon some poems brought out in the name of Prior. She says—

“I got at last this morning the poems just published under Prior’s[60] name, brought them home under my arm, locked my door, sat me down by my fireside, and opened the book with great expectation, but to my disappointment found it to be the most wretched trumpery that you can conceive, the production of the meanest of Curl’s[61] band of scribblers.”

[60] Matthew Prior, born 1664, died 1721.

[61] Edmund Curll, born 1675, died 1747; publisher, etc., ridiculed by Pope in the “Dunciad.”

She continues to inveigh against this forgery in eloquent terms, and towards the end of the letter remarks “that mankind can’t support above two dead languages at a time, so as to have any tolerable knowledge or use of them, therefore in all probability Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden, Prior, and Pope are but short-lived, in comparison of those Methuselahs the Classicks.”

BATH —
GRACE FREIND

The first letter to the duchess from Bath is dated—

“December 15, Friday, Bath.

“Madam,

“After four days’ journey in very bad roads, I arrived here a good deal tired: if Scarron[62] had not been very facetious, my countenance had not received the impression of a smile since I left Whitehall till my arrival at Bath. I read most of the way, but was sometimes taken off ‘Le petit Ragotin’s’ disasters to fear those that might happen to la petite Fidget.[63]...[39] morning after I arrived, I went to the Ladies’ Coffee House, where I heard of nothing but the rheumatism in the shoulder, the sciatica in the hip, and the gout in the toe. After these complaints I began to fancy myself in the Hospitals or Infirmaries; I never saw such an assembly of disorders. I dare say Gay[64] wrote his fable of the ‘Court of Death’ from this place. After drinking the waters I go to breakfast, and about 12 I drink another glass of water, and then dress for dinner; visits employ the afternoon, and we saunter away the evening in great stupidity. I think no place can be less agreeable. ‘How d’ye do?’ is all one hears in the morning, and ‘What’s trumps?’ in the afternoon. Lady Berkshire[65] did us the honour of a visit on Wednesday, and inquired much about your health. Lord Berkshire[66] is literally speaking laid by the leg, which the gout has usurped, for it has ever been a distemper of very great quality, and runs in the blood of the Howards. Mr. Howard and Mr. Tom Howard,[67] Lord Berkshire’s youngest son, are here, as are Mrs. Greville and her daughter; Lady Hereford,[68] Lady F. Shirley,[69] Lady Anne Furnese,[70] Lady Anne Finch,[71] Lady Widdrington, Miss Windsors, Miss Gage, and I should first have said the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk,[72] and Mrs. Howard, wife of Brigadier-General Howard; as for the men, except Lord Noel Somerset, they are altogether abominable; however, such as they are, I must dress for the ball, and I will add a supplement to-morrow.

“P.S.—Madam, you know the Spectator says a woman never speaks her mind but in the postscript! Last night produced nothing but some bad dancing, except Mr.[40] Southwell,[73] who was overwhelmed with congratulatory compliments; in one day he was chose Member, made Father to a little daughter, and got a £500 prize in the lottery; he seemed in good spirits, and bowed popularly low to all his acquaintance.... I believe there is a great circulation of company, for the bells are always ringing for somebody to come, or tolling for somebody gone. There are many people I have known and seen before, but very few whom I care to see again. One person whom I like extremely, loves her husband so much better than me, that I cannot persuade her to come out. I believe your Grace has often heard me speak of Mrs. Freind,[74] who is not at all like Sir Tommy her brother. What makes me like her still better is her contempt of Matadors.[75] I do not think she ever dreamt of Spadille in her life, tho’ most people here prefer its company to their best friends.”

[62] Paul Scarron, born 1610, died 1660; French satirist. Husband of Mademoiselle D’Aubigné, afterwards Madame de Maintenon; wrote “Le Roman Comique,” etc.

[63] Her pet-name.

[64] John Gay, born 1685, died 1732; poet, etc.

[65] Catherine, daughter of J. Grahame, of Levens, Westmorland.

[66] 4th Earl of Berkshire.

[67] Afterwards 6th Earl of Berkshire, and 14th Earl of Suffolk.

[68] Wife of 6th Viscount.

[69] Daughter of 1st Earl Ferrers.

[70] Daughter of 1st Earl Ferrers, by second marriage.

[71] Daughter of 1st Earl Aylesford.

[72] Widow of 15th Duke, née Sherburne.

[73] Son of Sir Thomas Southwell.

[74] Her cousin, née Grace Robinson.

[75] Terms used in ombre and quadrille.

1740

In her next letter of January 4, 1740, she says—

“I should be glad to send you some news, but all the news of the place would be like the bills of Mortality, palsy four, gout six, fever one, and so on. We hear of nothing but ‘Mr. such-a-one is not abroad to-day.’ ‘Oh no,’ says another poor gentleman, ‘he dyed to-day.’ Then another cries, ‘My party was made for Quadrille[76] to-night, but one of the gentlemen has had a second stroke of the palsy and cannot come; there is no depending on people, nobody minds engagements.’

“I beg the favour of your Grace to tell Mrs. Pendarves that I often enquire after her from her friend Mrs. Donnellan. I hear there is hope of Mrs. Pendarves coming here in March, but I know you will be against the journey, so I dare not say how glad I should be to see her. I assure we have none like her here.”

[76] Quadrille, a card-game for four people, played with 40 cards, 8’s, 9’s, and 10’s discarded.

[41]

LORD NOEL SOMERSET —
DOWAGER DUCHESS OF NORFOLK

Miss Anne Donnellan, who according to the then prevailing custom in regard to unmarried women beyond extreme youth was called Mrs., was the daughter of Nehemiah Donnellan, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer of Ireland, and Martha, née Miss Usher. Her father was dead, and her mother had, in 1712, remarried the Hon. Philip Percival, brother to the 1st Lord Egmont. The Donnellans were great friends of Dean Swift, and Anne and her brother, the Rev. Christopher Donnellan, were correspondents of his, as can be seen in the printed letters in “Swift’s Life.” The next letter to the duchess says—

“Lord Berkshire was wheeled into the rooms on Thursday night, where he saluted me with much snuff and civility, in consequence of which I sneezed and curtseyed abundantly; as a further demonstration of his loving-kindness, he made me play at commerce with him. You may easily guess at the charms of a place where the height of my happiness is a pair royal at commerce, and a peer of fourscore. Last night I took to the more youthful diversion of dancing, and am nothing but a fan (which my partner tore), the worse for it; our beaux here may make a rent in a woman’s fan, but they never will make holes in her heart, for my part Lord Noel Somerset[77] has made me a convert from toupets and pumps, to tye wigs and a gouty shoe. Ever since my Lord Duke reprimanded me for admiring Lord Crawford’s[78] nimble legs, I have resolved to prefer the merit of the head to the agility of the heels; and I have made so great a progress in my resolution as to like the good sense which limps, better than the lively folly which dances. But to my misfortune he likes the Queen of Spades so much more than me, that he never looks off his cards, though, were I the Queen of Diamonds, he would stand a fair chance for me. Lord Aylesford comes to the rooms every night like ‘Beau Clincher’ in[42] a blanket: he wears a nasty red rugg great coat. The Dowager Duchess of Norfolk bathes, and being very tall she had like to have drowned a few women in the Cross Bath, for she ordered it to be filled till it reached to her chin, and so all those who were below her stature, as well as rank, were forced to come out or drown; and finding, according to the Proverb, in vain to strive against the stream, they left the bath rather than swallow so large a draught of water. I am sorry for the cruel separation of your Grace and Miss Dashwood, I believe no one parts with their friends with greater reluctance than you do.”

[77] Afterwards 4th Duke of Beaufort.

[78] John, 17th Earl of Crawford, and 7th Earl of Lindsay.

On January 25 Elizabeth says, “An unfortunate joint in my hip has been so troublesome, I could not have believed the rheumatism would attack so dancing a leg;” and then commenting on Lord Noel Somerset’s recent engagement to Miss Berkeley[79]—

[79] Elizabeth Berkeley, daughter of John Symes Berkeley, of Stoke Gifford.

“I think Lord Noel’s wife must be happy, and Miss Berkeley is a very deserving woman, and good-natured. Everybody is content except those who would have liked the gentleman for themselves.... A man of merit, and a younger brother is a purchase only for a large fortune; as for those who have more merit than wealth, they must turn the penny by disposing of their useless virtues for riches, the exchange may sometimes be difficult, Virtues not being sterling, nor merit the coin of the nation.... Gold is the chief ingredient in the composition of worldly happiness. Living in a cottage on love is certainly the worst diet and the worst habitation one can find out. As for modern marriages they are great infringers of the baptismal vow; for ’tis commonly the pomps and vanities of this wicked world on one side and the simple lust of the flesh on the other side. For my part when I marry I do not intend to enlist entirely under the banner of Cupid or Plutus, but [43]take prudent consideration and decent inclination for my advisers; I like a coach and six extremely, but a strong apprehension of repentance would not suffer me to accept it from many who possess it....

“I beg your Grace to make my compliments to Mrs. Pendarves, and return my sincere thanks for saying so much in my favour as could introduce me to so an agreeable an acquaintance as Mrs. Donnellan. I assure you what she says gives pleasure, and what she sings delight.”[80]

[80] Her exquisite singing is mentioned in Mrs. Delany’s Memoirs.

FROST FAIR

In January, 1740, the weather was so severe, a frost fair was held on the Thames for weeks together; booths, tents, and shows of all kinds were the order of the day. In a letter to the duchess this is alluded to thus:—

“What will the world come to now the Duchesses drink gin, and frequent Fairs? I am afraid your gentlemen did not pledge you, or they might have resisted the frost and the fatigue by the strength of that comfortable liquor. I want much to know if your Grace got a ride in the Flying Coach, which is part of the diversion of a Fair.... I am much obliged to your Grace for forming schemes for me. If any castles come to my share they must be airy ones, for I have no material to build them on Terra Firma. I am not a good chimerical architect, and besides I would rather dwell this summer in a small room in a certain mansion near Gerrard’s Cross,[81] than in the most spacious building I could get. I shall not be troublesome to you in town, for our stay here will be so long that our family will hardly go down till May. The time will come that we shall meet at Philippi.”

[81] Meaning Bullstrode, which is close to Gerrard’s Cross.

MRS. DONNELLAN

A letter from Mrs. Donnellan, with whom Elizabeth had struck up a lively friendship, and entered into a[44] correspondence, is dated from London, April, 1740, portions of which I copy—

“Since my last I passed a most agreeable day with your friend and mine; the Duke and Duchess of Portland proposed a jaunt into the city to see city shows, and were so obliging as to ask me with Mrs. Pendarves to be of the party. We were four men, four women: our fourth woman was Lady Wallingford, whom I never saw before; but she seems good-natured and civil; our four men, the Duke, Lord Dupplin, Mr. Achard,[82] and Dr. Shaw,[83] all new to me. We set out at ten in two hackney coaches, and stopped at everything that had a name between us and the Tower, going and coming, and dined at a city Tavern. I am extremely glad your time is fixed for coming to us, and that we shall have you a month. You will find the rage for whist[84] a little abated, I hope, if the weather and Vaux Hall is in its lustre. You are right in quarrelling with the men for letting cards take their places in the ladies’ hearts, for I dare say they would rather hear the gentlemen say fine things, than win a Slam, and it is a want of gallantry in the men that runs the women into cards; for something we must have to stir our passions, or life seems dull. Your account of Bath folks diverted me much.... My present delight is the fine lady who admires and hates to excess; she doats on the dear little boy that dances, she detests Handel’s Oratorios; indeed she don’t say she admires Mademoiselle de Chateauneuf’s kicking the tambourine, till she shows herself naked to the waist. She owns it is indecent, but she goes constantly to see her. I don’t know whether you have heard of the kicking entertainment? I have not seen it, but I have heard it very lively described; she kicks twice for the King, and once[45] for the audience, to the great edification of the spectators. I suppose you have heard of the false dice at the last masquerade. I fancy it must have been a pretty sight, a dozen Dominoes, at five in the morning examined before Justice de Val: I think they should have been all Devils with Horns and Hoofs. I saw the Duke and Duchess of Portland yesterday morning at Zincke’s,[85] where she and Mrs. Pendarves are sitting for their pictures.... Adieu; make my compliments to all your family, and believe me, dear Madam,

“Your affectionate friend, and humble servant,
“Anne Donnellan.”

[82] Mr. Achard had been tutor to the duke, and was afterwards his secretary.

[83] Dr. Shaw, born 1692, died 1751; Regius Professor of Greek, Oxford. Great traveller, botanist, etc.

[84] Elizabeth hated games of cards.

[85] Christian Frederick Zincke, born 1684, died 1767; eminent miniature painter.

THE PLUNGE BATH

Elizabeth suffering much still from headaches, Dr. Sandys was consulted, and he recommended the plunge bath. This was at Marylebone, at the then popular gardens. This was considered a hazardous exploit, and she first wrote to ask her parents’ consent. Writing to Sarah, she says—

“If you was to see me souse into the cold bath, you would think I had not sense or feeling.... The Duchess went with me the first time, and was frightened out of her wits, but I behaved much to my honour. Mrs. Verney went to learn to go in of me. Mrs. Pendarves went with me to-day, and was as pale as a ghost with the fear of my being drowned, which you know is impossible. I go in every day and have found benefit already; but there are two things I dislike, viz. the pain of going overhead, and the expense of the bath. The Duke and Duchess are very good in lending me the coach every morning to Marrybone, which is two miles from here, but the bath was better than any at Charing Cross: the Duchess says if there is any bath, as she thinks there is in their neighbourhood at Bullstrode, she will send me to it, a tub not being near so good.”

[46]

The whole parish of Marylebone belonged to the Duchess of Portland. There were nine springs of water there: vide “Old and New London,” vol. iv.

FAIRINGS

April, 1740, occurs a letter to her sister Sarah, written whilst staying with the duchess in London. Elizabeth says—

“Lord Oxford went to Bath in the post chaise for a week, he brought us all fairings. Mine were a fan, and a snuff box of Egyptian pebbles set in Pinchbeck.[86] The Duchess a fan, and an enamel tag for her lace.”

[86] Christopher Pinchbeck invented this sham gold. He died in 1732.

The next letter to her mother says—

“I was at Mr. Zincke’s yesterday in the morning, where I am to sit for my picture. On Thursday we went out of town to Sir John Stanley’s[87] at North End. There we met Mrs. Pendarves. I was much pleased with my visit. Sir John at 80 years old has as much politeness, good nature and cheerfulness as I ever met; his behaviour has neither the formality of age, nor the pertness of youth.”

[87] Sir John Stanley married Anne Granville, aunt to Mrs. Pendarves, who had been Maid-of-Honour to Queen Mary II.

“LONG” SIR THOMAS ROBINSON

In March Lord Oxford gave a ball at Marylebone—

“The Ball was very agreeable. I will give you the list of company as they danced;—the Duchess and Lord Foley,[88] the Duke and Mrs. Pendarves, Lord Dupplin and ‘Dash,’[89] Lord George[90] and ‘Fidget,’ Lord Howard and Miss Cesar, Mr. Granville[91] and Miss Tatton, Mr. Howard and another Miss Cesar. The partners were chosen by their fans, but a little supercherie in the case of one of our dancers appointed failed, so our worthy [47]cousin Sir Tommy[92] was sent for, and he came, but when he had drawn Miss Cesar’s fan he would not dance with her, but Mr. Hay,[93] who as the more canonical diversion, chose cards, danced with the poor forsaken damsel. The Knight bore the roast with great fortitude, and to make amends promised his neglected Fair a ball at his house. I believe in his economy he saves a dinner when invited to supper, for he eat a forequarter of lamb, a chicken, with a plentiful portion of ham, potted beef and jellies innumerable, and made a prodigious breakfast of bread and butter and coffee, a little after two in the morning.... I sat for my picture[94] this morning to Zincke; I believe it will be very like. I am in Anne Boleyn’s dress. I desire you to send me up my worked facing and robing, my point, some lute-string, and the cambrick for my ruffles. I had the pleasure of hearing to-day that our dear Robert had succeeded in getting a ship. I am sorry he will go out with the first fleet. I tremble, too, for fear he should have any engagement with the Spaniards. Mrs. D’Ewes desires to recommend herself to you being of the party of loving sisters.”

[88] Thomas, 2nd Baron Foley.

[89] Miss Dashwood, “Delia.”

[90] Lord George Bentinck, the duke’s brother.

[91] Brother of Mrs. Pendarves.

[92] “Long” Sir Thomas Robinson, of Rokeby.

[93] The Rev. Robert Hay, son of the 7th Earl of Kinnoul; afterwards Archbishop of York.

[94] See portrait in this book.

Mrs. D’Ewes, née Anne Granville, was the beloved sister of Mrs. Pendarves, recently married to Mr. John D’Ewes.... In the next letter to her mother she describes what she calls a “new head,” given to her by the duchess. “Last Tuesday I put on my New head; it is extremely handsome, very broad, and the lace has more thin work in it than has been made till this year.” To this head was added ruffles and a tucker by the same donor. Quin was acting then in London. She writes to Sarah—

“I have been to the play As you Like it. Quin outdid his usual outdoings. I never heard anything spoke with[48] such command of voice and action as the ‘seven stages of man,’ from the rough bass of the good Justice, ‘whose round belly with good capon lined,’ till he sunk to the childish treble; it was really prodigious, the alteration of the voice, he spoke the slippered pantaloon just like my Uncle Clark.[95] I saw the facetious Monsieur and Mademoiselle Fausan dance, but Quin had so possessed himself of my thoughts that I was not over-delighted with them, tho’ I think they dance very well for a character dance. Wednesday I went into the cold bath, and from thence the Duke and Duchess, Mr. Achard, Lord George Bentinck, Lady Throckmorton, Mrs. Collingwood, and Sir Robert Throckmorton[96] went to Mary-le-Bone gardens to breakfast; after that they all went with me to Zincke’s to sit for my picture, and we spent the evening at Vaux Hall. On Thursday we went, two coaches and six, to Kew, Richmond, and Petersham, Lord Harrington’s,[97] where I could turn Pastorella with great pleasure, such prospects, from the most charming place I ever saw, I was ready to call out, ‘O care Selve beate.’ I would tell you more of my meditations, but the bell for supper interrupts me.”

[95] Her great-uncle on her mother’s side.

[96] 4th Baronet and his second wife.

[97] 1st Earl of Harrington.

LORD WALLINGFORD’S DEATH

Lady Wallingford was attacked by smallpox at this time, but had it very favourably. In a letter to Mrs. Robinson, Elizabeth says—

“She never had three hundred all over her, and was at the heighth, I believe, in seven days. Her Lord dyed very suddenly of a quinsy before she had been downstairs, so she had not even the melancholy consolation of a last farewell; she laid up two pairs of stairs, and he below, so they told her he was removed, and died at Kensington. He has left everything to her.... Lord Wallingford certainly caught his death with attending her, a sad aggravation of the affliction; he died with the greatest courage imaginable. Sandys, who with several [49]Physicians and Surgeons was called in, begged him to settle his affairs, upon which he made his will (that he had by him, being very deficient in points of Law), and took leave of his friends. There was no hopes from the first, for this convulsive Quinsy is always mortal.”

In another she says he died of “cramp in the throat,” which sounds more likely. It has been stated that Lord Wallingford died in France, but his death occurred at Whitehall.

The duke and family, including Elizabeth, left Whitehall in June for Bullstrode.[98] In a letter of June 24 to Mr. Freind and his wife, she says—

“The rural beauties of the place would persuade me I was in the plains of Arcadia, but the magnificence of the building under whose gilded roof I dwell, has a pomp far beyond pastoral. We go to chapel twice a week, and have sermons on Sunday, for his Grace of Portland values the title of Christian above that of Duke, and the chaplain may preach against every vice in fashion without fear of offending either his Patron or Patroness.”

[98] Bullstrode was originally in the Shobbington family before the Conquest. Judge Jefferies bought it, and built the house here mentioned in 1686. His son-in-law sold it to the Earl of Portland. In 1807 it was sold to the Duke of Somerset.

THE MENAGERIE

In another letter—

“We breakfast at 9, dine at 2, drink tea at 8, and sup at 10. In the morning we work or read. In the afternoon the same, walk from 6 till tea-time, and then write till supper. I think since we came down our despatches in numbers, tho’ not in importance, have equalled those at the Secretary’s Office.... The Duchess and I have been walking in the woods to-night, and feeding the pheasants in the menagerie. The late Duke had Macaws, Parrots, and all sorts of foreign birds flying in one of the woods; he built a house and kept people to wait[50] upon them; there are now some birds in the house, and one Macaw, but most were destroyed in the Duke’s minority.”

FRANKS —
LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU

On July 22 occurs this interesting letter to her mother—

“Madam,

“Much visiting has of late hindered my writing to you. My Lady Duchess does not care to spare me to write except when she is so employed too, and the time set apart for that is in the evening, and when we make visits at any distance, it is late before we return, and letters go from here between 10 and 11. When we first came down, we supped at 9, but we found so early an hour encroached too much upon our hours of writing, so now we sup at 10, at which time the Duke comes into the Duchess’s dressing-room,[99] where we write together, and franks our packets. On Saturday, we were at Windsor to visit the Miss Granvilles, daughters of the famous Lord Lansdowne;[100] they unhappily inherit neither the wit of their Father, nor the beauty of their Mother.[101]... The Duchess is very civil to them, and Miss Granville was her acquaintance in infancy, and it is very right in her to take notice of them now. Lord Weymouth[102] supports them, but how long he will be willing or able to do so, no one knows. On Sunday, I was at Mrs. Hare’s, widow to the late Bishop Hare,[103] and was much entertained there by Sir John Shadwell and his family, who are just come from abroad. Lady Shadwell[104] saw Lady Mary Wortley at Venice, where [51]she now resides, and asked her what made her leave England; she told them the reason was, people were grown so stupid she could not endure their company, all England was infected with dullness; by-the-bye, what she means by insupportable dullness is her husband,[105] for it seems she never intends to come back while he lives. A husband may be but a dull creature to one of Lady Mary’s sprightly genius, but methinks even her vivacity might accommodate itself to living in the Kingdom with him; she is a woman of great family merit, she has banished her children,[106] abandoned her husband. I suppose as she cannot reach Constantinople, she will limit her ambition to an intrigue with the Pope or the Doge of Venice.... The Duke of Leeds’[107] wedding was very grand. The Duke of Newcastle’s[108] entertainment upon the occasion was 15 dishes in a course, four courses. The Duchess of Newcastle, sister to Lady Mary Godolphin, and Mr. Hay are gone down with the Duke and Duchess of Leeds. The Duchess had a diamond necklace from her Mother worth £10,000, she was very fine in cloaths and jewels. The old Duchess of Marlborough[109] is now mightily fond of her. Her Grace is at law with the Duke of Marlbro’; she talked two hours like the widow Blackacre in Westminster Hall, amongst things of value she was to surrender to the Duke[110] there was the late Duke’s fine sword, and George, ‘Oh,’ says she, ‘as for the George, he will sell it, but for the sword he won’t know what to do with that, so I believe he will lay it by, or may be if he can he will pawn it, he can make no other use of it, I am sure.’... Pray have you heard from the dear little[52] boys?[111] I have always forgot their direction. I think it is Scorton, near Richmond?

“I am, Madam,
“Your most dutiful daughter,
“E. Robinson.”

[99] In the eighteenth century dressing-rooms represented the modern boudoir.

[100] George Granville, Lord Lansdowne, born 1667, died 1735; great statesman and writer. Uncle to Mrs. Delany.

[101] Lady Mary Villiers, daughter of the Earl of Jersey, widow of J. Thynne.

[102] Their half-brother.

[103] Francis Hare, D.D., born 1665, died 1740; Bishop of St. Asaph and Chichester.

[104] Daughter of Evelyn, Duke of Kingston, born 1690, died 1762.

[105] Edward Wortley Montagu, grandson of 1st Earl Sandwich. His mother, Anne Wortley, a great heiress; he took her name.

[106] Her two children, the eccentric Edward Wortley Montagu, junior, and Mary, Countess of Bute.

[107] Thomas, 4th Duke of Leeds.

[108] 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Thomas Pelham Holles. The bride, Lady Harriett Godolphin, grand-daughter of the Duke of Marlborough.

[109] The celebrated duchess.

[110] Charles Spencer, 2nd Duke of Marlborough.

[111] Her three little brothers.

THE REV. WILLIAM FREIND

Mr. Freind, having written a letter to Elizabeth expressing a fear that her head might be turned by the great company, and the splendid place she was residing in, she replies—

“I am neither condemning greatness, nor envying it, but gratefully and cheerfully enjoying what I am. I thank Providence for the blessings it has given me, without either despising or wishing for the gifts it has bestowed on others. I enjoy the present time without regretting the past, or wishing for that to come, but still as conducive to happiness, prefer to-day to yesterday or to-morrow. I keep content for the present, and hope for the future, and love this life without fearing another.”

This letter was sent to Witney, Oxon, the seat of the blanket manufacture. The Rev. William Freind had become Rector there, since the resignation of his father, the Rev. Dr. Robert Freind, in the previous year. His mother was a Miss Jane de l’Angle, daughter of the Rev. Samuel de l’Angle, once pastor of the reformed church at Charenton, near Paris, who, on the persecution of Louis XIV., fled to England and was made a Prebendary of Westminster. The Rev. William Freind built the good stone rectory still existent at Witney. A medallion portrait of him is over a door in the Hall. Mrs. Donnellan had been recommended to drink the waters at Spa in the Ardennes, and, accompanied by her friends, Mr. and Mrs. Cottington, set out,[53] poor Mr. Cottington dying soon after their arrival. Mrs. Donnellan wrote to Elizabeth on July 11 a long letter, out of which I copy the account of the water cure as then practised—

“We are all out by six in the morning in our chaises, and go three miles to the Geronsterre waters. We come home by nine, and take a cup of chocolate, dine between 12 and 1, go to the Assembly at 4, where there are all countries, and all languages, half a dozen card tables, and no crowd; from the Assembly we take a walk in the Capucins garden; all are in before 8 to supper, and to bed at 10.”

PRINCESS MARY OF HESSE

Princess Mary[112] of England had been married in May to the Prince of Hesse.[113] The prince did not come to England, so her brother, the Duke of Cumberland, acted proxy. The following account is of gifts given to the princess’s suite who accompanied her to Hesse:—

“The Duchess of Dorset[114] has had fine presents upon going over with the Princess of Hesse. The Prince presented her with a gold teapot, tea-kettle, and lamp, and Lady Caroline Sackville[115] with a set of Dresden china and a diamond solitaire. The Duchess had likewise a set of Dresden teacups, and a service of Dresden China, and the King gave her a gold snuffbox with a thousand pounds Bank bill in it.”

[112] Princess Mary, daughter of George II.

[113] Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse Cassel.

[114] Wife of 1st Duke of Dorset, née Elizabeth Colyear.

[115] Daughter of the Duchess of Dorset, afterwards Countess of Dorchester.

In a letter to Sarah Robinson of August 11, mention is made of—

“a mask at Cliefden, on Princess Augusta’s[116] birthday; [54]‘The Story of Alfred,’ wrote by Thomson[117] and Mallet,[118] Mr. Grenville commends it and says it will be published. I own I cannot give much credit to it, for I rather imagine he commends it as a patriot than a judge. I never knew anything of Thomson’s that seemed to be wrote, or could be read, without great labour of the brain.... Lord and Lady Oxford are to come here next Monday, (Bullstrode), and stay a month. Lord Dupplin has made a copy of verses upon my going into the bath, which we would impute to Sandys[119] to his great amazement. He says he does not know who wrote them, but thinks he is very sure he did not.”

[116] Daughter of George II., born 1737.

[117] James Thomson, born 1700, died 1748; poet, wrote “The Seasons,” etc.

[118] David Mallet, Scottish poet, patronized by Pope; died 1765.

[119] A well-known lady’s doctor.

MONKEY ISLAND

August 25, Elizabeth writes to her father—

“The Duke and Duchess were so obliging as to carry me to see Windsor Castle last week. It is so delightful a place and so fine a palace, I am surprised his Majesty does not spend his summer there, I should think it as well as going to Hanover. The same day we were at Windsor, we went to see a little island[120] circled by the Thames, which the Duke of Marlborough[121] purchased and has beautified at the expense of £8000. There is too great an embarras of buildings upon it, the finest of which I think something resembling the Temple of Janus. He has a better title to build one to war than to fame, for he has got a commission, but renown I believe is what he will never gain. He sent out a few days ago for four-score workmen to improve a place he never proposes to live at, after the old Duchess dies. His Grandfather now saved a people, now saved a groat, but such a warrior and economist as this gentleman he will never save either.

[55]

“Lady Andover[122] told me in a letter I received from her last post, that Mrs. Botham was grown very grave, and a great workwoman and an excellent housewife; if that is the case, Mr. Botham preaches to those of his household as well as those of his parish.”

[120] Monkey Island.

[121] Charles, 3rd Duke.

[122] Second daughter of Heneage, Earl of Aylesford, wife of William, Lord Andover.

LYDIA BOTHAM —
COUNTESS OF OXFORD

This is the first allusion to Lydia Botham, cousin of Elizabeth Robinson; she, and her more illustrious sister Elizabeth, or Eliza Lumley, afterwards wife of the Rev. Laurence Sterne, of “Shandean” memory, were the children of the Rev. Robert Lumley, of the Lumley Castle family, Rector of Bedale, Yorks, from 1721 to 1732; and of Lydia, daughter of Anthony Light,[123] and widow in 1709 of her first husband, Thomas Kirke, of Cockridge, near Leeds (a famous Virtuoso), she married afterwards the Rev. Robert Lumley;[124] for the table elucidating this pedigree the reader must turn to the end of the introductory portion of this work. The Lumleys are said to have been brought up in style, but little means had remained to them. Both parents were dead; Lydia had recently married the Rev. John Botham, Rector of Yoxall, Staffordshire. Elizabeth Lumley, her sister, was residing alone in “Little Alice Lane,” under the shadow of York Cathedral. In a folio-sheet letter to her sister Sarah, Elizabeth explains that owing to the Countess of Oxford being at Bullstrode, she had more time to herself, as the countess and she had spent alternate mornings with the duchess. The countess was kind to Elizabeth, but she was a rare admirer of etiquette. When she was with the duchess, she actually[56] wished to see all her letters, which was naturally annoying to a married woman; she also expected them to be couched in the most formal manner, as addressed to a ducal person! Hence, when Elizabeth was away from the duchess, and Lady Oxford was with her, the letters were often written under cover to the duchess’s two lady dressers, so as to indulge in fewer formalities; also, as can be read in Mrs. Delany’s Memoirs in letters from the duchess, nicknames were often set up between the circle of friends, known only to themselves in case of their being opened. This passage in the letter will point to the formality of the circle when including Lady Oxford—

“While our present Guests are here we are so overcharged with ceremony, we cannot move about, and as I am not (thanks to the humility of my station), of the Countess’ cabinet council, I have the morning to myself. To employ them to my edification, I have laid in a great store of Italian, which I cannot read with the Duchess as she has forgotten it so much. I have laid aside the Arcadia[125] till Mrs. Pendarves comes, who is fond of it, and the Duchess and I have agreed that she shall read it to us.... I beg you will send me the receipt for York Curds, and also for Pancakes, called ‘A quire of paper.’”

[123] Of Durham; his grandmother, wife of Gilbert Kirke, was one of the coheiresses of Francis Layton of Rawdon.

[124] As stated in former pages, her mother, Mrs. Light, remarried for second husband, Thomas Robinson, father by her of Matthew Robinson.

[125] “The Arcadia,” written by Sir Philip Sidney.

On August 21, in a letter to Mrs. Donnellan at Spa, occurs the passage—

“Our friend Penny is under great anxiety for the change her sister is going to make. I do not wonder at her fears; I believe both experience, and observation, have taught her the state she is going into is in the general, less happy than that she has left. ‘Pip’ has a good prospect, for they say the gentleman[126] has good sense, [57]good nature, and great sobriety; these are very good things, and indeed what a stock of virtues and qualifications ought to be laid in to last out the journey of life, where so much too lies through the rugged ways of adversity, all will hardly serve to lengthen love and patience to the end.”

[126] John D’Ewes, of Wellesbourne, Co. Warwick.

The lady to be married was Anne Granville, whose nickname was “Pip”; she was about to be married to Mr. John D’Ewes. “Pen” was Mrs. Pendarves’ nickname, afterwards Mrs. Delany, and those who have read her memoirs will remember how unhappy was her first experience of married life. Much mention is made in this letter of an apron Elizabeth is working for the duchess; she begs for patterns of flowers from her father’s pencil, and Mr. Hateley, an artist friend. Embroidered aprons were then the rage, but only for demi-toilette; the beautiful Duchess of Queensberry,[127] going to Court in an apron about this time, was forbidden to attend. The aprons were of all colours as well as white, and the duchess, fearing a light ground would soon soil, bade Elizabeth work hers on a black ground. Sarah Robinson at the same time was working her sister one.

[127] Catherine Hyde, Duchess of Queensberry. Prior’s “Kitty, beautiful and young;” wife of 3rd Duke.

EARL OF OXFORD

The following passage is indicative of the times:—

“Lord Oxford drinks hard at the chaplain sometimes, but whether a churchman’s conscience lyes deep, or a bumper to Church and King agrees with an orthodox stomach, I don’t know, but he seems less confounded with a bottle of claret than he is with his text, and shows the bottom of it too, which he cannot do with the other.”

Mr. Freind having written a letter in which he rallies[58] Elizabeth about not choosing one of her many admirers, she replies—

“I have lately studied my own foibles, and I have found out I should make a very silly wife, and an extremely foolish Mother, and so have as far resolved as is consistent with deference to reason and advice, never to trouble any man, or spoil any children. I already love too many people in this world to enjoy a perfect tranquility, and I don’t care to have any more strings to pull my heart; it is very tender, and a small matter hurts it. I have been lately a little out of spirits about my incomparable Duchess; she has been a good deal out of order, but by bleeding and care, she is much better, I wish I could say well.”

ADMIRAL VERNON

Mention of Admiral Vernon[128] is made in a letter of September 12 to Mr. Freind after the victory of Portobello, which had been taken by him in 1739; he had bombarded Carthagena—

“I hope the glorious Vernon will do some great exploit by himself. All the ladies in Suffolk give place to Mrs. Vernon, even those of the highest rank. I wish the Admiral may be made a peer when he returns, Baron Something and Viscount Portobello will sound very well.”

[128] Admiral Vernon, born 1684, died 1757.

CHARLEMAGNE

Mrs. Donnellan returned from Spa early in September, in company of Mrs. Anne Pitt, a sister of Mr. William Pitt, afterwards Lord Chatham. Portions of her letter I copy—

“We had a very pleasant journey together, and find ’tis possible to travel comfortably without that lordly person—Man! I have mentioned being at Aix-la-Chapelle, which is a bad day’s journey from Spa. I went with Mrs. Hoare, and we chose to go at the time[59] Charlemagne makes his procession round the town, which is an annual ceremony, and the most solemn and ridiculous I have seen. He built the town, and made it an imperial city, and this procession is in memory of him. He is represented by a pasteboard figure, 12 feet high (for they will have him a giant), he has on his head a very fine curled and powdered full-bottomed periwig, an Imperial crown on that; downwards, he has a yellow damask night-gown, which hides those who carry him. He walks round the city attended by all the Orders in their different habits (which is a pretty sight),—the magistracy, and the Host carried under a canopy. They stopped before the Town House where we were, and said Mass at an altar raised on purpose, then they adored the Host, and Charlemagne stooped and goggled his eyes, which are pulled by wires, and so the ceremony ended. We landed at Deal on Sunday night, in a storm of thunder, lightning and wind, wet to the skin. I have bought some Spa necklaces. I have a blue one for you, and a green one for the Duchess.

“My folks are quite taken up with fitting their[129] house in Bond Street, which they design getting into at Michaelmas. I have a cheerful dressing room in it, which I dedicate to a few friends, none other shall come into it, and it luckily only holds a few seats; I will reserve one for you.”

[129] Her mother, then the Hon. Mrs. Philip Perceval, and her second husband.

THE REV. DR. YOUNG

On September 23, in a letter of Elizabeth to her sister, we first hear of Dr. Young, the author of “Night Thoughts.” At this time this celebrated poem was not written, but various other poems, satires, and tragedies had made him famous. Edward Young, LL.D., was born in 1684, educated at Winchester, New College, and Corpus Christi, Oxford; in 1730 was Rector of Welwyn, Herts; in 1731 he married Lady Betty Lee,[60] widow of Colonel Lee, and daughter of the Earl of Lichfield. The Duke of Wharton was his literary patron.

“Dr. Young is coming soon. We wish for his coming, for I hear he is agreeable, and, indeed, his private character is excellent. He sends his compliments to me when he writes to the Duchess, and says he is perfectly acquainted with me, and all that is the vision of a Poet, for I never saw him in my life, but he is so kind as to commend me and all my works in all places.”

In the next letter (October 8) she says—

“My dear Sally,

“The sons of Apollo haunt this place much; the tuneful Green[130] is gone, but the poetical Dr. Young is with us. I am much entertained with him, he is a very sensible man, has a lively imagination, and strikes out very pretty things in his conversation, tho’ he has satyrized the worst of our sex, he honours the best of them extremely, and seems delighted with those who act and think reasonably. I think he has written a Satire against that composition of oddity, affectation, and folly which is called ‘a pretty sort of a woman,’—if anyone has a mind to put on that character they need only pervert their sense, distort their faces, disjoint their limbs, mince their phrases, and lisp their words, and the thing is done, grimaces, trite sentences, affected civility, forced gaiety, and an imitation of good nature completes the character.... That sentences, systems and definitions should give way to Cribbage, but two Duchesses command my presence! The Duchess of Kent[131] came here yesterday; she is a very sensible polite woman, and she wants one to play Cribbage, so my dear, dear sister, Adieu!

“E. R.”

[130] Dr. Green, a celebrated musician.

[131] The second wife of Henry (Grey), 1st Duke of Kent, née Sophia Bentinck, great-aunt of the Duke of Portland of these pages.

THE DUCHESS OF KENT

In a letter to Mrs. Robinson—[61]

“The Duchess of Kent is very agreeable, has good sense and politeness, and those who know her well say many valuable qualities. I look upon my Duchess as the Arch-Duchess, before whom all lesser stars hide their diminished heads; as for Dr. Young, he is a very sensible man, and an entertaining companion, and starts new subjects of conversation, and there is nothing so much wanted in the country as the art of making the same people chase new topics without change of persons. The Duchess and Dr. Young design to leave us to-morrow.... Dr. Sandys has given Deb quicksilver, which has been of great service to her, and it appears that she had worms.”

“Deb” was Elizabeth’s lady’s maid. The Pharmacopeia was then of such an extraordinary kind, that from time to time I shall mention the remedies used for various complaints; why more people were not killed by some of the nostrums is marvellous.

Elizabeth writes to Sarah on November 1, telling her she is reading the “Decameron” of Boccaccio. The duchess was also renewing her Italian knowledge. They were reading aloud Dr. Samuel Clarke’s sermons, and she says—

“Hay[132] is an auditor, as he cannot read himself; Mr. Achard is a translator of pronunciation so that one would take his English to be French when he reads aloud, then as for the Duke, he hunts thrice a week, and has business, so that our invalid is glad of a female lecturer.”

[132] The Hon. John Hay, son of 7th Earl of Kinnoul, a relation of the duchess, then a great invalid.

Mr. Achard, a Frenchman mentioned previously, had been the duke’s tutor, and was now his secretary.

[62]

From the letters, he appears to have been very tall; he was frequently called “Brother Bonaventura,” and as his humour was variable, at times “Monsieur du Poivre,” at others “Monsieur du Miel!”

DR. GREY

The next letter to her father thanks him for a design he had made for an apron for the duchess, with which she was delighted, and—

“if the work could be as elegant as the drawing, would be the most finished apron for the most finished Duchess. Lord Oxford and George Vertue[133] arrived here last night after a ramble which the best geographer could hardly describe; they have been haunting church-yards, and reading the history of mankind upon the gravestones. Dr. Grey[134] is employed in a work which to make its appearance in public you would not easily guess at. I believe ’tis no perplexity upon Mysteries, no refutation of the doctrine of Transubstantiation, no explanation of the Catechism, but a thing for which his serious qualifications do not seem very fit. He is writing upon Hudibras!”

[133] George Vertue, eminent engraver, archæologist, and author; born 1684, died 1756.

[134] Rev. Dr. Zachary Grey, author, died 1766.

[63]

## CHAPTER III.
IN LONDON, KENT, AND AT BULLSTRODE, 1741–42. BEGINNING OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH MRS. DELANY.

The last letter of the year 1740 is written to Mr. Freind on December 29—

“Next Sunday I quit the peaceful groves and hospitable roof of Bullstrode for the noisy turbulent city; my books and serious reflections are to be laid aside for the looking-glass and curling irons, and from that time I am no more a Pastorella, but propose to be as idle, as vain, and as impertinent, as any one; if you will come to town Mrs. Freind and you will find me, however, as like myself as to be your sincere friend.”

1741
THE DUCHESS OF QUEENSBERRY

February 5, Elizabeth writes to her sister—

“Dear Madam Sally,

“I went to Lady North’s[135] last night, to see all the fine cloaths that were made for the Birthday. Lady Scarborough[136] was richly dressed, the Duchess of Bedford[137] was pretty fine, Mrs. Spencer had a white velvet which is the ugliest thing in the world, but the Duchess of Queensberry[138] was such as should be shown at Courts and feasts, and high solemnities, where most may wonder at the workmanship; her cloaths were [64]embroidered upon white satin; Vine leaves, Convolvulus and Rosebuds shaded after Nature; but she in herself was so far beyond the masterpiece of art, that one could hardly look at her cloaths; allowing for her age I never saw so beautiful a creature. Miss Pitt[139] had a fine trimming and looked very pretty, but as for the Roses, they do not bloom in January, for she is as pale as a ghost. Lady Mary Tufton[140] had a pretty suit of embroidery. The men were not at all fine. Mr. Lyttelton’s[141] cloaths were ugly, according to Polonius’ instructions, ‘Rich not gaudy, fine but not exprest in fancy.’ I did not see any new fashions, as to the wearing stays, I think they are as usual. I do not know what will become of your fine shape, for there is a fashionable make that is very strange. I believe they look in London as they did in Rome after the Rape of the Sabines.

“I am, my dearest, your most affectionate
“E. Robinson.”

[135] Second wife of 7th Baron North, afterwards 1st Earl of Guilford.

[136] Wife of 3rd Earl Scarborough.

[137] Second wife of the 4th Duke.

[138] Wife of 3rd Duke, “Kitty ever fair.”

[139] A sister of Lord Chatham, either Mary or Anne.

[140] Daughter of 7th Earl of Thanet.

[141] George, 1st Lord Lyttelton, afterwards her intimate friend.

February 25, Sarah writes—

“I should be obliged to you if you would in your next letter send me word what sized hoops moderate people who are neither over lavish nor covetous of whalebone, wear; because I intend to write to my Hoop maker to have one ready for me against I come to town, and I don’t care to leave the size of it to her discretion. I hope our hoops will not increase much more, for we are already almost as unreasonable as Queen Dido,[142] and don’t encircle much less with our whalebone, than she did with her bull’s hide.”

[142] Queen Dido of Tyre bought of the Africans as much land as a bull’s hide would cover, and by cutting it into strips encircled a large portion.

William Freind D. D.
Dean of Canterbury.

according to Act of Parliament. T Worlidge del. et Sc.

[65]

HAIRDRESSING

A light is thrown on hairdressing of the period in the following letter to Sarah:—

“Dear Sister,

“I have been walking in the Park this morning, and returned only time enough to dress, so while Deb is tiffing and tiffing till my hair is so pure and so crisp, I am writing a line to you to the great vexation of Mrs. Mincing, who is afraid I should be the worst dressed for it. I don’t wonder an ‘Abigail’ that is kept only as a Minister of the toilette should look upon dressing as the great concern of life, but that other people should make such a point of it I marvel greatly. Some women by endeavouring to be as handsome as they can are not so charming as they might be. I never thought a head agreeably dressed that had not a hair awry; such punctuality may become a tyre woman, but cannot a belle, but however, it becomes everybody to be dressed for dinner, which will not be the case if I do not conclude. I am to go to the ‘Penseroso and Allegro’ to-night. The music of the ‘Penseroso’ some say is best, ‘but Mirth with thee I choose to live.’ Adieu.”

One can, indeed, pity the unfortunate Abigail with “Fidget” writing whilst she had her hair dressed! Once after a visit to Bullstrode, the duchess says she had found a glass-stand left behind by Elizabeth, should she send it? And the reply was that the stand was used for her to rest her chin on whilst her maid dressed her hair. The ridiculously high coiffure of the day must have taken a long time to erect.

“THE PEAS”

No letter can I find till April 10, when the Rev. William Freind writes from Bath, where he and his wife were staying, to inquire what had become of his cousins. Sarah Robinson’s[143] pet-name was “Pea,” as she was pronounced to resemble Elizabeth as much as one pea does another.

[66]

“Bath, April 10, 1741.

“It being now near two months since I have received any intelligence of either of my correspondents, I must needs enclose a letter to Pea, Senior, to enquire after her whether she be still with the Duke to whom I direct the cover, or with the rest of the Peas in her own Podd in Kent.

“I expected the beginning of March to hear you had quitted her grace to join hearts and hands once more with dearly beloved Pea. But Lady Berkshire whom I saw some days ago, tells me the Duchess is in a very bad state of health, which I suppose will make you both very unwilling to part with each other. I have rather fancied therefore some disappointment has happened, and that your friend’s illness may have taken up your time and thoughts too much to let us hear what is become of you, for if both sisters had been together in town, surely both would not have grudged us the pleasure of hearing you were well and happy.... Even I, surrounded with a set of noisy politicians on one side, and backgammon players on t’other, can still make shift to write a line to my dear friend, and ask only how she does, and where she is, and to assure her that I and my Pea are

“Her and Her Peas,
“Most truly affectionate
friends and humble servants,
“W. and G. F.”[144]

[143] Sarah was born on September 21, 1723, so was three years younger than Elizabeth.

[144] William and Grace his wife.

HAYTON FARM

The reason of the unaccustomed silence was this—Sarah was suddenly attacked by smallpox, a disease peculiarly dreaded by Elizabeth. Mrs. Robinson quickly despatched her to Hayton Farm, a family property leased to a yeoman farmer of the name of Smith.

April 8 occurs a letter to the duchess—

“I cannot lose the opportunity which just offers me to send a letter to the post, though I troubled your [67]Grace but yesterday. My sister continues as well as it is possible to be, and has found out her disorder with which she is perfectly content, and sends me very merry messages upon it: they are of the seven day sort, so will turn on Sunday, and on Monday when it is over, I shall possess my soul in quietness. I am afraid this hurry of spirits and fatigue, will not prove of service to my Mamma; and if the dire Hyp does haunt a solitary chimney corner, sure it will visit my Pappa now it is sure to find him at home and alone. For my part, I am in the case of poor David, my friends and kinsfolk stand afar off; and when I am to return home I don’t know. That the distemper may not continue, my Pappa has sent away half a dozen servants who have not had it, and says he hopes to have me back again very soon; but indeed I hope to prevail upon him to try how the air of Mount Morris agrees with his servants, before I return. I live here very easy, and I have got books and all the necessaries and comforts, though not the pomps and pleasures of life. The family are civil and sensible people. As for the Master of the house, he is indeed, to a tittle, Spenser’s meagre personage called Care: his chief accomplishment as to behaviour is silence. I never see him but at dinner and supper, and then he eats his pudding and holds his tongue. I believe his learning amounts to knowing that four pennies make a groat, and the sooner that groat is a sixpence he thinks the better. To give your grace a notion of the sort of persons who compose the Drama:—They are above Farmers considerably, have been possessed in the family, for aught I know, since the Conqueror of above £400 a year, they have a good old house, neatly furnished, but there is nothing of modern structure to be seen in it.

“I am now sitting in an old crimson velvet elbow chair, I should imagine to be elder brother to that which is shown in Westminster Abbey as Edward the Confessor’s. There are long tables in the room that have more feet than the caterpillar you immured at Bullstrode. Why so many legs are needful to stand still, I cannot [68]imagine, when I can fidget on two. There is a good chest of drawers in the figure of a Cathedral, and a looking glass which Rosamond or Jane Shore may have dressed their heads in. Not to forget the clock, who has indeed been a time server; it has struck the blessed minutes of the Reformation, Restoration, Abdication, Revolution, and Accession, and by its relation to time seems to have some to Eternity. It is like its old Master, only good to point the hour to industry; ... it calls his servant to yoke the oxen, get ready the plough, wakes the dairy maid to milk and churn, the daughters hear in it the paternal voice chiding the waste of hours, and rise obedient to its early call; even me it governs, sends me to bed at ten, and makes me rise, oh barbarous! at eight.... The mother of the family, a venerable matron of grave deportment, who was well educated, and moves in the form of antique ceremonies, but is really a sensible woman! The daughters are good housewifes, and I like some qualities in them, which I understand better than their economy. I only wish they could sleep in their beds in the morning, and wake in a chair in the evening!” ...

LIFE AT A FARM —
A COUNTRY SQUIRE

The next letter to Mrs. Donnellan, whom Elizabeth rebukes for her silence, is dated April 10. In this she says—

“Before this time you must have been informed by the Duchess or Mrs. Pendarves of my distress, and also my flight from the maternal mansion to the house in the neighbourhood. I am at present very happy as my sister is out of all danger, and I rejoice in thinking she will have one enemy of life and health the less. So much for the state of my mind; the situation of my person is not so gay and cheerful. My best friends among the living are a Colony of rooks who have settled themselves in a grove by my window. They wake me early in the morning.... I have not yet discovered the form of their government, but I imagine it is democratical.... If I continue here long I shall grow a good naturalist. I have applied myself to nursing chickens, [69]and have been forming the manners of a young calf, but I find it a very dull scholar. I intend to gather some cowslips for Mrs. Perceval[145] as soon as they appear; pray let me know if they should be prepared in any particular manner....

“There are some squires here who would make excellent Polyphemus’s; one of them drank tea here yesterday, and complimented me with all the force of rural gallantry, but for some fault in the flattery or the flatterer, I liked neither him nor myself any better for all the fine things he said. After he was gone I did but relieve my spleen with some laughter on the subject, when I was told by the matron of the family, he would be a good match for a woman with twenty thousand pounds, and indeed could one lend out one’s liking upon land security, I think one might very well settle it upon him. To laugh at a poor man is barbarous. He is a great friend of the family I am with, and I fear will come often; and in spite of his respectable manors and fee simple, and ancient mansion, both great and good, I shall not be able to give a serious attention to his discourse.

“I wish you could see my habitation, a right reverend and venerable one it is; the staircase that leads to my chamber is hung with the funeral escutcheons of my grandfathers, grandmothers, Aunts and Uncles, that I seem to be entering the burying vault of the family to sleep with my Fathers. It is a comfort, no doubt, to think one’s ancestors have had Christian burial, but of what use are these tawdry escutcheons? Sure no passion of the mind, no situation of the human creature is without vanity, if the mourner can adorn with pomp, and the breathless carcase be dressed in it.

“... address to me at Mr. Smith’s, Hayton, near Hythe.”

[145] Mrs. Donnellan’s mother.

HANDEL

On April 9 the Duchess of Portland lay in of a daughter, Frances, who died in 1743. Mrs. Donnellan[70] writes on April 11 to give a good report of the duchess’s health, and in this letter she says—

“I long to hear from you, I want to know who you have to entertain, and keep up the spirits your sister’s safety must give you. I hope Mr. Robinson,[146] your brother, is in banishment with you, for you will want such a companion to sweeten a long absence from all your other friends. I heartily wish you were in any place where I could come to you.... The only show we have had since you left us was for Handel, his last night, all the fashionable people were there.”

[146] Matthew, her eldest brother.

DR. CONYERS MIDDLETON

Mrs. Donnellan again writes on April 15—

“I like your situation extremely, but I should wish you one rational companion, for I do not think you were made for calves or poultry, or greater brutes in the shape of country squires. What is come of Pan? He used to find out a pretty female in her retirement, but as he has been sometimes a little dangerous, I think I had rather recommend you to the conversation of the wood nymphs. I have often wished to be acquainted with them, I fancy they are very innocent, and free from vanity and affectation, a little ignorant, and indeed in the fashions and amusements of London, as dress, cards, old china, Japan, shells, etc., but they may have notions of friendship and honour, and such antiquated things.

“I have read no further than Cicero’s[147] consulship. By what I have read of Atticus in other authors particularly the Abbé St. Real,[148] who has given his character, and translated Cicero’s letters to him, I had not so high an opinion of him as I find Doctor Middleton has given you. I met yesterday, at Pen’s, the Bishop[71] of Oxford,[149] Mrs. Secker and Miss Talbot,[150] and they seemed to think Dr. Middleton was not so much the historian as the Panegyrist of Cicero, indeed one observation I have already made myself, I think him too like a modern Lawyer who pleads all causes good or bad that gets him interest which was money to them; but when I have read the whole I will read St. Real again, and then I will tell you more of my mind. I long till you read Horace, and think he would be particularly proper in your present retirement, he seems to know how to amuse himself in such a scene better than any one I ever met with, at the same time that he was the delight of the politest court[151] that ever was. I really think you have much of the genius of distinguishing right from wrong, and not being led away by the false glosses of the world, and want to know whether you find that conformity.

“I told you in my last I wished to spend some time with you in your banishment. I am so sincere in it, that if you were in a place where they are not above being paid for my lodging and board, I would come to you for one fortnight before you go home....

“My Mother desires her compliments to you, and many thanks for remembering the cowslips. The manner of saving them is this only, pulling them out of the Pod, and letting them dry in a north window, and when they are dry, to put them up in a paper bag.

“I have been this morning to St. Paul’s to hear Handel’s Te Deum.”

[147] Dr. Conyers Middleton’s “Life of Cicero.”

[148] C. V. de St. Real, able French author; died 1692.

[149] Thomas Secker, born 1693, died 1768; made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1758.

[150] Lived with the Seckers; daughter of Edward, second son of Dr. W. Talbot, D.D., of Durham.

[151] The court of the Emperor Augustus.

PENURIOUS LIVING

The cowslips Mrs. Perceval asked for were doubtless intended for making that delicious but now seldom met with cowslip wine. Few people are aware that a claret [72]glass of cowslip wine before going to bed is an innocent and generally successful soporific.

To Mrs. Donnellan.

“Hayton, April 20, 1741.

“Dear Madam,

“I had the pleasure of your letter yesterday, it made me very happy. If my friends at a distance did not keep my affections awake, I should be lulled into a state of insensibility, divided as I am from all I love.... What’s Cicero to me or I to Cicero? as Hamlet would say; and for myself, though this same little, insignificant self be very dear unto me, yet I have not used to make it my sole object of love and delight....

“I want just such a companion as you would be, and how happy would your kind compliance with that wish make me, if the good old folk here would accommodate you; but they are so fearful of strangers, I know it impossible to persuade them to it. They are not very fine people; they have a little estate, and help it out with a little farming: are very busy and careful, and the old man’s cautionness has dwindled into penuriousness, so that he eats in fear of waste and riot, sleeps with the dread of thieves, denies himself everything for fear of wanting anything, riches give him no plenty, increase no joy, prosperity no ease: he has the curse of covetousness to want the property of his neighbours, while he dare not touch his own: the Harpy Avarice drives him from his own meat, the sum of his wisdom and his gains will be by living poor, to die rich....

“The reason for which you wish I would read Horace does me great honour.... Upon your recommendation I had read it before, but depending on my brother’s having it, I did not bring it with me, and I find he has not got it. I will desire my brothers[152] to bring it down with them the next vacation.... As for some of our squires they read nothing but parish law, [73]and books of Husbandry, or perhaps for their particular entertainment, ‘Quarle’s Emblems,’ ‘The Pilgrim’s Progress,’ ‘Æsop’s Fables,’ and to furnish them with a little ready wit, ‘Joe Miller’s Jests.’”[153]

[152] Matthew and Morris were at Cambridge.

[153] Joe Miller, born 1684, died 1738; comedian. His “Book of Jests” was published in 1739.

THE REV. LAURENCE STERNE

Matthew Robinson had gone to Bath to drink the waters, and on April 19 he writes to Elizabeth from “Colibee’s” in Hall Street, Bath—

“Dear Sister,

“The order of our Posts at Bath is very strange, the post comes in three times a week, twice of which you may answer your letters the same day you receive them, but the third not till three days afterwards. Last Thursday brought me two letters together from you, in which you informed me that my sister was past the heighth.... I hope next post will tell me that Sally is out of all danger.

“Harry Goddard is here, and informs me that our cousin Betty Lumley is married to a Parson[154] who once delighted in debauchery, who is possessed of about £100 a year in preferment, and has a good prospect of more. What hopes our relation may have of settling the affections of a light and fickle man I know not, but I imagine she will set about it not by means of the beauty but of the arm of flesh. In other respects I see no fault in the match; no woman ought to venture upon the state of Old Maiden without a consciousness of an inexhaustible fund of good nature.”

The letter is signed “M. R. M.,” for Matthew Robinson Morris; as by his uncle Morris Drake Morris’ will, Matthew was to succeed to his mother’s[155] estate of Mount [74]Morris, Kent, sometimes called Monk’s Horton, etc., left her by her brother, he assumed the name of Morris for some years, but returned to his family patronymic, Robinson, before becoming 2nd Baron Rokeby in 1794.

[154] The Rev. Laurence Sterne, married to Elizabeth Lumley, March 30, 1741, in York Cathedral, by license, by the then Dean.

[155] Mrs. M. Robinson, his mother, inherited Coveney, Cambs, from her father, and the Kentish property as heiress of her mother, Sarah, daughter and heiress of Thomas Morris.

MRS. STERNE

On the subject of the Sterne marriage, in a note to Sarah from Elizabeth we see further—

“Dear Madam Sally,

“I am glad to hear you are well, and that your eyes are brilliant, but pray don’t use them too soon, for you will have reason to repent it. I never saw a more comical letter than my sweet cousin’s,[156] with her heart and head full of matrimony, pray do matrimonial thoughts come upon your recovery? for she seems to think it a symptom.”

Then after many cautions to her sister as to her health, and thankfulness at her being out of danger, she adds—

“Matt mentions Mrs. Sterne’s match, of which he had an account from Harry Goddard, who is at Bath. Mr. Sterne has a hundred a year living, with a good prospect of better preferment. He was a great rake, but being japanned and married, has varnished his character. I do not comprehend what my cousin means by their little desires, if she had said little stomachs, it had been some help to their economy, but when people have not enough for the necessaries of life, what avails it that they can do without the superfluities and pomps of it? Does she mean that she won’t keep a coach and six, and four footmen? What a wonderful occupation she made of courtship that it left her no leisure nor inclination to think of any thing else. I wish they may live well together.”

[156] Elizabeth Lumley had been very ill just before her engagement to Laurence Sterne: vide his life by Traill.

[75]

“TRISTRAM”

At this time Sterne was Vicar of Sutton-on-the-Forest,[157] some eight miles from York, and his uncle, Jacob Sterne, gave him a prebendal stall in York Cathedral about the same time. For two years he had courted Elizabeth Lumley. She was much in love with him, but from smallness of means on either side, deemed marriage imprudent. She, however, had a desperate illness, and informed Sterne she had made him her heir. His gratitude for this, and affection, recalled her to life and matrimony. For details of this I must refer the reader to the various lives written of “Tristram,” as his nickname was to be later in the Robinson family.

[157] His great-grandfather, Richard Sterne, had been Archbishop of York, and a friend of Laud’s.

From Hayton Elizabeth writes to Mr. Freind at Bath, to scold him for not writing to her and her sister. In this she says—

“My sister is well again, and once more I possess my soul with tranquillity. I believe you will guess I suffered great and terrible anxiety when I was forced to leave her to a dreadful distemper, whose terrors received great additions from my particular fears of it, and tenderness to her. The want of sleep, at first, a little damaged my constitution, I had a slight fever with disorder for a week, which I believe was chiefly occasioned by it. I did not mention it to my brother, for fear it should make him uneasy, but I am now perfectly well, and from the reflection of my sister’s good fortune, happy too, though great is the change you will see, from London and lolling on the velvet sofa of a duchess, to humbly sitting on a 3-legged cricket[158] in the country.”

[158] A three-legged stool.

CURE FOR LOVE

At the end of the letter of an admirer of her’s she says—

[76]

“Our friend B——[159] increases in chin and misery, he came to breakfast with my Papa one morning, and complained of the Hyp, for which my good parent advised him to take assafœtida, the prescription was admirable, he might as well have sent him to the Tinker’s to have mended the hole in his heart. Oh! cruel fate that made no cure for love, thought my friend, and sighed bitterly: really I could not help laughing at the precious balm my Pappa was for applying to the wound. It would have ruined a happy lover with me.”

[159] Mr. Brockman, of Beachborough.

Letter from the Duke of Portland.

“Whitehall, April 25, 1741.

“Madam,

Since ye frivolous letters j trouble you with are ranked as favours you receive, j’am sure no excuse can be made for any neglect towards you, and it would, nay it does, make me wish ye post went out every day, yt j might have it in my power to confer my favours, such as they are, upon you: j’am not sure if vanity, as well as ye desire j have of doing all yt lays in my power to oblige you, does not have a share in this wish about ye post, for really j have reason to be proud yt a Lady of so many perfections as Miss Robinson, (j can’t name them singly for j should never have done), can sett any value upon my poor insignificant letters, tho’ your approving them might puff up any body’s vanity, yett j have humility enough to think that j owe all the favours you are pleased to show me, to ye subject j write about; it is a subject yt you will be no more tired to hear off than j to write off: then j am sure your next question will be, Pray my lord to ye subject: well then in complyance to your commands j am to inform you yt ye Duchess continues as well as can be, and ye Babe too. My wife desires me to tell you yt your letter revived her exceedingly, yt she had waited with great impatience for it, and yt she hopes to hear often from you. She,[77] as well as myself, rejoice at your sister’s recovery, and desire our compliments to her. You may say everything yt is kind to yourself from my wife, and tho’ j am sure you have a very good genius in turning things as you like, you will hardly outdo her sentiments concerning you. Your being got rid of your feaver gave us great joy, for we began to be uneasy about Fidgett; nobody can see her without admiration, and when one hears her open her lips one is struck dumb; if one was to go on with everything when one receives a letter from you, one’s fingers would become numbed, and unable to answer, was it not for the desire of receiving more letters, makes one’s fingers to write to engage you to answer. In reading your letter j can’t help acquainting you yt there would be great strifes to be a Chaunticleer to be ye real possessor of such a Dame Partlett as you, whether of ye favourite little Bantam kind, or of the ruffled friesland kind; j should think the first more adapted to you for its gentility and rarity and cleanliness, all qualifications, which, tho’ j am no chanticleer j can sing off in your behalf. Nay j will do it. It is time for me to finish my letter to you tho’ j do not conclude my letter with such a pompous ‘humble servant’ as you do, j hope you are thoroughly persuaded that j am not less,

“Madam,
“Your most obedient, humble servant,
“Portland.”

Thomas Hudson. Pinx. Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

William, second Duke of Portland

The letter concludes with a long postscript; the duke had put the letter into his pocket to give the porter himself, not wishing, he says, to trust “Mr. Puff” with it, and forgot it for some days. Despite of all letters being sealed, they were constantly tampered with, adroit incisions under the seals could be made, and refastened without spoiling the impression above, and many letters were lost entirely.

MATTHEW ROBINSON —
A BROTHER’S ADMIRATION

On April 27 occurs a most brotherly letter from Matthew from Bath. It is too long to place here in full,[78] but so beautiful are his words to his sister, showing his love and admiration for her, that I give a few extracts. He had just received a letter of her’s which pleased him, and says—

“I should be ashamed after so long a friendship with you to be ignorant of any of your talents, yet I do assure you there are some of them that after so long an accquaintance with them, I have not yet done admiring. It is never without great delight that I see in one whom I esteem so much, that tho’ in company one would swear your parts and spirits were contrived purposely for laughter, and the chearful round of mirth, yet study and thought, contemplation of the ways of men, or works of Nature, and consequently enjoyment of yourself, and ease and happiness, the end of all good, never desert your leisure and retirement. You never had greater reason for this turn of mind, or better trial of your temper on that account than lately, when driven from your friends, and almost alone, in a manner you never were before, and probably may never be again: you were fairly left to the food and entertainment of your own thoughts; and though it would be impertinent now to mention my general opinion of your letters, I don’t remember that I ever saw your thoughts stamped upon a piece of paper with greater force of discernment than in the letter I received from you to-day.... Bating the tribe of your lovers, you cannot have a more hearty friend to your person, or more assured admirer of your merit and accomplishments.”

Surely few brothers have ever paid a more graceful tribute of praise to a sister! Matthew was born in 1713, and was consequently seven years older than Elizabeth.

THE SMALLPOX

On May 9, in a letter to Mr. Freind, we learn the two sisters had met again—

“I had the joy of seeing my dear Pea yesterday; I cannot express the happiness of such a meeting, but it is[79] saying enough to own it more than recompensed the pangs of parting. It is truly, as well as poetically said, ‘The heart can ne’er a transport know, that never felt a pain.’ My desire to be cheered again by that beloved voice made me desirous of a meeting much sooner than I should be otherwise, in my shameful fear of the distemper, have desired. We talked about an hour in the open air, at about two yards’ distance: she kept her hat so close I could not see her face, but as soon as it has nothing left of the distemper, but the redness, I am to see her. I am now within sight of our house at a farm just at the bottom of the gates. I have a very good room, warm and comfortable. It is so low that it flatters my pride by indulging me with an approach to the ceiling. My Mamma had sent furniture for the room from Mount Morris, as soon as my sister was growing better, that I might come so near as to be accustomed to the family, and so return to it at leisure without any apprehensions.”

Reproaching Mr. Freind for silence in this letter, he writes, May 19, in return to plead his parochial duties, and amusingly says in defence—

“I am forced in the country, every week to make a sermon, at home or abroad, however engaged, made it must be, and swallowed the next Sunday, though I believe it lies but a crude morsel on the Blanketters’[160] Stomachs, which, if they can digest, ’tis often more than I myself can do.... An express arrived last night from Admiral Vernon; Carthagena was not actually taken, but the captain who brings the news imagines it might be taken in about 12 hours after he left it. All the Spanish ships and galleons that were in the Harbour were burnt, most of the fortifications battered down, enough to discover there was great confusion in the town. Not a ship of ours was hurt when he departed. But there is always a black flag attends in the train of [80]Victory; the general joy overcomes indeed all private concern; but those who have friends or relations in the midst of a fire, cannot rejoice till they hear who has escaped it. Those we lost on the 1st of April are Lord Aubrey Beauclerc,[161] who had both legs shot off, and died presently, Col. Douglas of the Marines had his head shot off, Lieutenant Sandford of Wentworth’s Regiment was shot in his tent before the town, Col. Watson of the Artillery was killed by a shot in the thigh, Capt. Moor was killed, Lieutenant Turvin had just taken the Colours from his dead ensign, and was killed with them in his hand (‘There’s honour for you,’ says Sir J. Falstaffe), 197 private men are killed and wounded. I was glad to find my brother not mentioned in the list.”

[160] It will be remembered Mr. Freind was Rector of Witney, the centre of blanket-making.

[161] Son of 1st Duke of St. Albans, and grandson of Charles II.

ST. LAZARE —
A SOUTH SEA LAWSUIT

Alas! in this he was premature, his brother-in-law, Henry Robinson, died of the wounds he received at the attack on St. Lazare, near Carthagena. May 12, Mrs. Donnellan writes from London—

“We are squabbling about Elections, and proving right wrong, and wrong right, just as we think it will make for some little private interest, without the least regard to truth, justice, or any notion of the good of the country. The Westminster Election was finished in a most partial manner on Friday, in favour of the Court candidates, and Lord Sundon[162] was like to be torn to pieces by the mob in revenge: this has been the subject of much talk, and last night I happened to say to a clergyman (who I thought by his gown was obliged to join with me), that I thought the dishonesty that prevailed in Elections was terrible, and corrupted the private honesty in all ranks of people, when my Parson to my surprise took up the argument that bribery in a King and his Ministers was not dishonest, but politic, and that we could not subsist without it, and ran on to prove that we must conform to the times, and [81]if my neighbour bribes, I must do so too, to be on a foot with him or we must be undone. I own this doctrine shocks me....

“Your friend[163] told me yesterday they are a little disturbed about a law suit which is to concern the 28th. I suppose you have heard of it. ’Tis an old South Sea affair of the Father’s,[164] and very considerable. I am really concerned about it, and shall long to see them out of such a terrible situation.”

[162] William Clayton, Baron Sundon.

[163] Duchess of Portland.

[164] William Henry, 1st Duke of Portland.

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

from a miniature in the possession of Mrs. Climenson

Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

At this period Elizabeth developed a most painful weakness of the eyes, which recurred at intervals during the rest of her life. She attributed it to reading so much at night during her absence from home while her sister was ill. The duchess writes to implore her not to work, or read, and she answers, “I follow your grace’s advice, I do not work at all, and I read by my sister’s eyes.” She had commenced dining at Mount Morris, but they would not let her go upstairs for fear of infection, so she still slept at the farm. Mr. Freind had in his last letter said, “Let us know all about you; when you set sail, i.e. when you are to be manned, and who is to be your Captain, for these things surely must be settled now.” To which she answers—

“I am not going to set sail yet; the ocean of fortune is rough, the bark of fortune light, the prosperous gale uncertain, but the Pilot must be smooth, steady and content, patient in storms, moderate and careful in sunshine, and easy in the turns of the wind, and changes of the times. Guess if these things be easily found? and without such a guide can I avoid the gulph of misfortune, the barking of envy, the deceits of the syrens, and the hypocrisy of Proteus? So I wait on the shore, scarce looking towards this land of promise, so few I find with whom I would risk the voyage. I would have wrote you [82]a longer letter, if I had a frank, but careful of your sixpence, though regardless of your leisure, that consideration hinders me. I am at Mount Morris again.”

“LIFE OF CICERO”

The duchess having commenced reading Dr. Conyers Middleton’s “Life of Cicero,” Elizabeth recommends a pamphlet called “Observations on Cicero,” written by Mr. Lyttelton,[165] but without his name being prefixed to it. She states, “Dr. Middleton compliments it in his preface slightly; it is as much a criticism as the Doctor’s is a panegyric of Tully’s action: it is a very little book, but I think wrote with great spirit and elegance.”

[165] George, afterwards Lord Lyttelton.

The following letter is from the Duchess of Portland early in June, but undated:—

“Monday morning.

“My dearest Fidget,

“You will be much surprised to receive so melancholy a letter from me after that strange medley you had last post, but yesterday morning I was told the Doctor had no hopes of my Papa; he hurt his leg some time ago, and Sergeant Dickens has had it in hand, and declared to Dr. Mead[166] he would go on no longer without another surgeon was called in, upon which Skipton was sent for, and what will be the result of their consultations to-day I dread to know; he has besides a jaundice and dropsy. He was out Friday night, and pretty well of Saturday night, and grew so much worse yesterday morning that he is not able to move. The Doctor was surprised to find such an alteration in a few hours. Oh! my dear Fidget, ’tis not possible to flatter oneself, God only knows what is best for us, therefore I am sensible I ought to be contented with what He is pleased to inflict upon us, but I cannot help my natural weakness. I can’t see to add any more, my heart and eyes are too full.”

[166] Famous physician, writer on medicine, and antiquarian.

[83]

DEATH OF THE EARL OF OXFORD

Here Mrs. Donnellan adds, “I have but one sad moment to tell my dear Fidget that my Lord Oxford[167] died to-day.”

[167] He died in Dover Street, June 16, 1741.

The next letter from the duchess is dated June 25—

“My dearest Fidget,

“I owe you a thousand thanks for your kind letters, and if words were the only acknowledgement I could make, I should ever be bankrupt, but my affection is warm, and my fidelity will last as long as my life....

“He was sensible almost to the last, nor did not show the least regret at leaving this troublesome world, except when he took leave of me, and that was too moving a scene for me even to tell now.” ...

At the end she begs Elizabeth not to write to her, as her eyes were so bad, but to get Sarah to do so instead, and in all her trouble remembers to send two bottles of arquebusade to Matthew Robinson’s chambers which he wanted, the price being 4s. 6d. a bottle.

Edward, 2nd Earl of Oxford, was the son of Robert, 1st Earl, by his first marriage with Elizabeth Foley, sister of Thomas, 1st Lord Foley; he continued to collect the Harleian MSS.,[168] begun by his father, now in the British Museum, also innumerable books, pictures, medals, etc.; and took great interest in all archæological studies, as did his countess.

[168] Lady Oxford sold the Harleian collection of manuscripts in 1753 to the British Museum.

Elizabeth wrote to condole heartily with the duchess on her sad loss, but imploring her, for the sake of the duke and her dear little children, to endeavour to bear up under this sad blow, for father and daughter were tenderly attached to each other.

A ONE-HORSE CHAISE

The universal panacea of bleeding—for one can only judge by the manner in which doctors applied to it for[84] every case—had been endured by Elizabeth for the sake of her eyes, and she says “my eyes are worse for the bleeding.” She had a narrow escape at this time: her brother Matthew driving her for her health along the seashore on a high bank raised to keep off the incursion of the sea, the horse bolted, but fortunately their servant outrider was able to stop it without its bolting down either side of the bank. It is characteristic of the times that she calls a one-horse chaise, “of all things the most ridiculous!”

Mrs. Donnellan had been ill, and was ordered to Tunbridge Wells, to drink the waters. There was hope of Dr. Young being there. “I believe you will find his thoughts little confined to the place; he will entertain you with conversation much above what one generally finds there, where they talk of little but water, bread, butter, and scandal.”

On July 5 the duchess writes to say they had carried their cause in the law suit. She also expresses her joy at hearing Matthew Robinson intended to be inoculated that autumn. Elizabeth said if her eyes and general health were better, she would be inoculated too. She had just been given, “by a wise son of Æsculapius, a diabolical bolus that half killed me. I fainted away about three hours after I swallowed the notable composition, and was above an hour in such agony that if I had not waited for your letter I had certainly gone to the Elysian fields.”

A letter of Mrs. Botham’s from Elford, of which place, as well as of Yoxall, Staffordshire, her husband was Vicar, mentions a legacy left to her and her sister, Mrs. Laurence Sterne—

“My husband is in the North; his journey thither happened very opportunely, for an ancient woman [85]whose very name I am a stranger to, has lately dyed intestate, and my Sister and self are heirs at law of her real estate, which consists of some houses at Leeds, the yearly value of them about £60. It would be well for us if we could make out a title to her personal estate, which is upwards of £5000, but that I have no hopes of.”

A WINDSOR HATTER

The duke and duchess were now at Bullstrode, and anxious for Elizabeth to come to them. The duchess gives an amusing account of a hatter’s funeral—

“A hatter of Windsor left £100 to a man on condition he would bury him according to his desire under a mulberry tree in his own garden, 10 feet deep. The assistants to drink 12 bottles of wine over his grave, and French Horns playing during the whole ceremony, and this was accordingly performed yesterday, to the great offence of Mr. Grosmith,[169] who says he was not a Christian....

“To dissect leaves[170] put ’em into water, and change the water every day, but you must take care the leaf is not blighted.”

[169] The clergyman.

[170] To skeletonize leaves.

Mrs. Donnellan writes on September 1 to say she has returned from Tunbridge Wells after a six weeks’ visit; staying with her married sister, Mrs. Clayton, and her husband, Robert Clayton, Bishop of Killala, and afterwards of Clogher. The bishop very nobly gave his wife’s paternal fortune to her sister, Anne Donnellan. Dr. Young was at Tunbridge, and Mrs. Donnellan states—

“I conversed much with Doctor Young, but I had not enough to satisfy me. We ran through many subjects, and I think his conversation much to my taste. He enters into human nature, and both his thoughts and expressions are new.”

[86]

THE SCOTTS OF SCOTT’S HALL

She also mentions that Lady Thanet, accompanied by Mrs. Scott, was at Tunbridge. Mrs. Scott,[171] of Scott’s Hall, Kent, was a friend of the Robinsons. She had a large family, seven sons and seven daughters; one was lady-in-waiting to the Princess of Orange, and married a Monsieur Saumaize, a member of the suite. Her sister Caroline, or “Cally Scott” (her pet-name), was the bosom friend of Sarah Robinson, and eventually married a Mr. Best. Another, Cecilia, who died unmarried, was a friend to the Robinson family for life. To Mrs. Donnellan Elizabeth writes on September 13, and in a long letter she says—

[171] The Scotts of Scott’s Hall were one of the most ancient Kentish families, originally Balliols of Scotland.

“The time for my brother’s inoculation draws near, and though I have a very good opinion of that method of having the smallpox, yet I cannot enjoy a perfect tranquillity of mind till it is over. I would fain persuade him to have it done while I am in the country, but he will not grant my request; for my Pappa, I believe, will not let me go to Bullstrode at all, if I don’t go before that is over; and my brother therefore waits for my departure, that I may not be banished for six weeks or two months, which he imagines would be melancholy for me these long evenings, as I should have no friend with me, and am not able to divert myself with books now my eyes are bad.”

The duchess was waiting for Lady Oxford’s departure from Bullstrode. Lady Oxford is often alluded to as “the Speaker” by the duchess, the same name, as has been mentioned, was bestowed on Mrs. Robinson by her children. Elizabeth’s health being so indifferent, her parents wished her to consult Dr. Mead, and early in October she proceeded to London with her brother Tom, where she stayed a few days with Mrs. Donnellan[87] in Bond Street, and on October 13 joined her beloved friends at Bullstrode, the duchess sending her coach to London to fetch her.

Matthew was to be inoculated as soon as the coach returned to Mount Morris from taking Elizabeth to town, as, till the smallpox appeared, he was to take the air daily in it; but the inoculation did not take, and Elizabeth’s tender fears for her brother were allayed.

MARRIAGE OF LORD SANDWICH

The next letter of interest is on October 20, to her mother—

“I return you many thanks for your directions for the apron, which I will carefully follow; as to the silver thread I do not approve the use of it, as all great artists work for immortality, and my sister will find a little time will tarnish her work if there is a mixture of silver in it.... I honour Lord Sandwich[172] for his wise and generous contempt of money in a point in which there are other things superior to it; he bears an excellent character, there is much prudence in knowing how to separate one’s particular happiness from that which is reckoned so in the world’s opinion: if Lord Sandwich takes greater pleasure in the conversation of a fine woman than in viewing a collection of medals and pictures, he is right to prefer Miss Dolly Fane with £5000 to Miss Spinckes with £50,000.... He has a good estate sufficient for the becoming state of a nobleman.... Miss Fane is a happy woman to have a lover so great, so generous, and so good. Love has a good right over the marriages of men, but not of women; for men raise their wives to their ranks, women stoop to their husbands, if they choose below themselves. I think all our neighbours are in a marrying humour. I wish some of them had married two and twenty years ago, we should have had now a gallant young neighbourhood.”

[172] John, 4th Earl Sandwich, whose nickname later was “Jemmy Twitcher,” just engaged to Dorothy, daughter of Charles, 1st Viscount Fane.

[88]Dr. Mead had prescribed for Elizabeth for her eyes and for a swelled lip, which annoyed her much. What should we think of a blister applied to the back to reduce a swelled lip in these days? Yet it was ordered! Writing to Sarah, she says—

“I am better than I was, but my mouth not being yet perfectly reduced, I have got a fresh blister upon my back, well may it bend with such a weight of calamities.... I have sent for my bathing Cloaths, and on Sunday night shall take a souze. I think it a pleasant remedy. I am to sit a quarter of an hour in the bath, and then go to bed and lye warm; it is to be repeated three times a week.”

DUCAL BATHS!

The next letter to her mother throws a curious light on the personal cleanliness of the day, and the want of baths in a ducal house—

“November 6, 1741.

“Madam,

“I should write to you much oftener, if I was able, but really I am so taken up with the pursuit of health I have little time for other employments. My lip is not entirely reduced, though I have been blistered twice, once blooded, and have five times taken physick, have lived upon chicken and white meats, and drank nothing but water; however, I am now vastly better than I was, and have hardly any pimples in my face, and no complaint in my eyes or nose, only this abominable lip is still rather bigger than it used to be. I intend to keep the blister going till it is well, for Mr. Clarke has put me in a way of doing it, so that I do not suffer much. I have suffered great disappointment about the warm bath, which I am advised to try, for the bathing tubs are so out of order we have not yet been able to make them hold water, but I hope next week they will serve the purpose.” ...

[89]

At the end of the letter is this: “Mary brings me word my bathing tub[173] is ready for use; so to-morrow I shall go in. Pray look for my bathing dress, till then I must go in in chemise and jupon!” Evidently from this it was not considered proper to go into a bath, even in a bedroom, au naturel!

[173] Before tin baths came into use, I remember my father bathing in a wooden tub, which resembled a wheelbarrow without legs or wheels, but with two handles at each end. It took two maids to empty it.

THE NEW LADY’S-MAID —
A MICROSCOPE

Another light on domestic service of the day is given in the next letter to Sarah. For some reason Elizabeth had a new lady’s-maid, and it appears from this and other letters that a superior class of persons officiated in that capacity. Many a clergyman’s daughter was glad to be lady’s-maid or housekeeper in those days—

“I like my maid extreamly; she is very humble, sensible, quick and diligent, and though her Father and Mother are above the common rate, she has never presumed to hint she was a person of fashion, which the French generally brag of. Mrs. Hog[174] (ye ladies’ French woman), tells me Mr. Dufour was a scarlet Dyer, worth once five or six thousand pounds, and Mrs. Dufour had about £1600 for her fortune, but by the knavery of a partner in their trade, they were reduced. I think Mary works pretty quick, and washes well, and is very handy, and she talks much better French than Dulac.

“I am reading Dr. Swift’s and Mr. Pope’s letters. I like them much, and find great marks of friendship, goodness and affection between these people whom the world is apt to think too wise to be honest, and too witty to be affectionate, but vice is the child of folly, rather than of wisdom; and for insensibility of heart, like that of the head, it belongeth unto fools. Lord Bolingbroke’s letters shine much in the collection. We are reading[90] Dr. Middleton’s new edition[175] of his letter from Rome, but have not yet come to the postscript to Warburton;[176] the answer to the Roman Catholic is full, and I doubt not the Protestant will be as happily silenced. Truth will maintain its ground against all opposition.

“We expect Mr.[177] and Mrs. West, and then we shall have the house full. We are in hopes of Dr. Young; he is now at Welling sowing spiritual things in his parish, I hope to the increase of grace.

“The sun will not shine for our microscope,[178] which is a great vexation to the curious. Last night by the candle I saw a fringe upon a leaf, that would have done excellently well for your apron, and I dare say you are so excellently skilled in the imitation of Nature that you could work just like it if you had the materials.”

[174] French maid to the duchess’s little girls.

[175] “Letters on the Use and Study of History.”

[176] William Warburton, D.D., Bishop of Gloucester, friend of Pope; able controversial writer; born 1698, died 1779.

[177] Gilbert T. West, LL.D., born 1706, died 1756; poet and writer; translated “Pindar.”

[178] Mr. Achard’s microscope.

In the next letter to Sarah she says—

“The Muses, fair ladies and Mr. Lyttelton,[179] a fine gentleman, will entertain you in my absence d’esprit: the verses were wrote at Lord Westmorland’s. I think the verses are pretty; either I am very partial to the writer, or Mr. Lyttelton has always something of an elegance and agreeableness in all his verses, let the subject be ever so trifling.... Does the world want odd people, or do we want strange cousins that the Sternes must increase and multiply? No folly ever becomes extinct, fools do so establish posterity!”

[179] George, afterwards Lord Lyttelton.

As the Sternes’ eldest child, the first Lydia, was not born till 1745, there must have been a disappointment; but though undated, this letter is of 1741, as allusion[91] is made to Matthew Robinson’s inoculation, which had just taken place.

“CIBBER’S LIFE”

“We are reading ‘Cibber’s Life.’[180] Was there ever so exquisite a coxcomb!”

[180] Cibber’s “Apology for his Life,” published this year; he did not die till 1757, but published his “Apology” in 1740.

November 11, a letter contains—

“Last night being the birthday of the noble Admiral Vernon, we drank his health at noon, and celebrated the same with a ball at night. The ‘Gun Fleet’ was danced in honour of him, and all celebrated with extream joy, and a splendid distribution of Crowns to the fiddler, who was not the son of Orpheus, but however he made such a difference between tit-for-tat and a minouet, that one might understand which he meant. Mademoiselle Dufour[181] had the honour of standing up instead of a flower-pot or an elbow-chair; she danced like the daughter of Herodias.”

[181] Her French attendant; see ante.

To Mrs. Donnellan, who had been ill, but was recovering, this description of Dr. Young[182] is addressed—

“We have lost our divines, whose company we regret; there is great pleasure in conversing with people of such a turn as Dr. Young and Dr. Clarke;[183] for the first there is nothing of speculation, either in the Terra Firma of Reason, or the Visionary province of fancy, into which he does not lead the imagination. In his conversation he examines everything, determines hardly anything, but leaves one’s judgment at liberty. The other goes far into a subject, and seldom leaves the conclusion of an argument unfinished; he seems to me to have a very accurate judgment, and a very attentive observation of everything that comes within his view, and thus with the assistance of a happy memory, he has laid up a great stock of knowledge and experience.”

[182] Dr. Young lost his wife this year, 1741.

[183] Dr. W. Clarke, died 1771; divine and writer.

[92]

MECHANICAL CHAIR

Mrs. Donnellan mentions on November 15 a mechanical chair she is to have for exercise—

“An artist is to bring me home a machine[184] for galloping and trotting this day; if I could get him to make me one that could move me from one place to another, with how much pleasure could I mount my chariot to make you a visit.... London is as full now as it used to be in January. Plays are much frequented, both to see Barbarini dance, and a new actress from Ireland, her name is Woffington,[185] ... she excels in men’s parts, and is to act ‘Sir Harry Wildair’ next Monday, by the King’s commands, and all the world goes. We poor Irish run the gauntlet about her; we hear in many companys, ‘She has a great deal of Irish assurance.’ I desired it should be called Stage assurance.

“Handel[186] next week has a new opera, which those who have heard the rehearsal say is very pretty. Tell Pen the ‘Lion Song’ is in it....

“I hear the Duke of Portland is to have a Blue Garter, which I am extremely glad of, as I think ’tis fit and proper.”

[184] Called a “Merlin Chair,” from the inventor, for mechanical exercise.

[185] Margaret Woffington, born 1718, died 1760; celebrated actress and friend of Garrick.

[186] Does she mean “The Messiah,” which he produced this year, but which at first was not appreciated?

To this letter Elizabeth replies—

“The date of your letter from London is the strongest temptation to me to wish myself there, that you could lay before me: as for Plays and the Beau monde, I hardly wear vanity enough in the country, to wishing myself once more in—

“‘The dull farce, the empty show
Of Powder, pocket glass and Beau.’

“I know your town is the Kingdom of Cards, and the Reign of Mattadores I am disaffected to; here I enjoy all[93] the pleasures of friendship, and the satisfaction of tranquillity....

“I hope you will find great benefit by your machine; if you will appoint a time for your imagination to take a flight, I will mount the Marquis of Lichfield’s Hobby Horse, and give you a meeting. Imagination gives Pegasus wings, and he often flies into the undiscovered country of fancy.”

MRS. WOFFINGTON

Mrs. Donnellan writes again on December 1 to say she and her sister, Mrs. Clayton, had been to two plays in one week—

“One of our plays was to see Mrs. Woffington perform the part of ‘Sir Harry Wild-air,’[187] and indeed I never saw anything done with more life and spirit; but at the same time she looked too young, too handsome, and her voice seemed more proper for Opera than the play; so that we see when things are out of nature, though they may have many beauties, in the whole they will not please, and a beard and a deep voice are as proper to make a man agreeable, as a soft voice and smooth face to a woman.”

[187] From the play of The Constant Couple.

THE DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH

The next letter of interest is of December 12, to Mrs. Robinson, from Elizabeth—

“Madam,

“It is long since I have had the pleasure of writing to you, for though I have much inclination to do so, I have little leisure. I am now coming on you with a great deal of news from the city of our Great King. The Parliament is all in a flame, the Court have had but a majority of seven. There is a great struggle between Giles, Earle, and Dr. Lee, which shall be for the Committees. The city is in great alarm that they are going to lose six hundred thousand pounds out of Leghorn, which it is expected will be taken, and the Port lost to our merchants.

[94]

“Now as to private affairs, it is reported the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough[188] is dead, that she departed last night, and no one weeps for her to-day. Extravagance will lavish away those treasures her avarice accumulated.... I am not sure the report is true, though private letters and public papers do affirm that the spirit of pride, avarice, and ambition have stolen from her as quietly as the common breath of the nostrils....”

[188] Sarah Jennings, born 1660, died 1744.

The duchess did not die then, as will be seen by the next letter to the same person. This was the illness when the doctor told her, unless she was blistered, she would die, when she cried, “I won’t be blistered, and I won’t die!” And she did not, for she lived till 1744!

“December 19, 1741.

“Madam,

“I believe the wars abroad, and tumults at home, will make the publick papers worth reading. Dr. Lee has carried his Election by four, the Court is concerned at it. The King[189] suspended even his dinner (an action of as great importance as any done in the reigns of some Monarchs) till this affair between Dr. Lee and Earle was determined. The Westminster Election will now be carried against the Court. It is thought Lord Percival will undoubtedly be chosen at the new Election. The friends of Sir R——[190] lament that now he will not be able to carry any of the petitions, but where the right is on his side, and which, too, is looked upon by them as an unfortunate thing for the Kingdom in general.

“The Duchess of Marlborough is not dead yet, but in great danger; she has St. Anthony’s fire to a terrible degree, and will have no advice but such as[95] her apothecary gives her. To Mr. Spencer[191] she has bequeathed in her will £30,000 a year, in addition to what he has already. The Duchess of Manchester[192] she has struck out. How the rest of her enormous fortune is disposed of people do not know.

“We lost two of our Divines to-day, Dr. Young and the Dean of Exeter, men of very different genius, but both agreeable companions.”

[189] George II.

[190] Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister, born 1676, died 1745.

[191] Her grandson.

[192] Her eldest granddaughter.

CZARINA ELIZABETH

The next is to Sarah, December 22, and in it is—

“I don’t know whether you have heard of the Revolutions in Russia, that the Princess Eliza[193] is made Czarina; the Czar, his Mother, Munich and Lacy imprisoned, and all by the power of France, and the machinations of General Keith.[194] This is bad news for poor England. The members of Parliament of the country party are gone to their firesides to roast chestnuts, while the Court get the uppermost again. The Prince’s affair is to come before the House very soon: it is a shame that he[195] has no settlement.”

[193] Elizabeth Petrowna, born 1709, died 1761; daughter of Peter the Great.

[194] Field-Marshal Keith, born 1696, died 1758.

[195] Frederick, Prince of Wales, born 1707, died 1751.

THE REV. JOHN BOTHAM

Two letters of December 26 and December 31 to Sarah wind up the year. In the first she mentions that the move from Bullstrode to London was to take place on January 3, and she was to return to Mount Morris on the 5th. In passing through London she should visit Mrs. Cotes,[196] who was a bosom friend of hers and Sarah. A little paragraph occurs about Mrs. Botham, Mrs. Sterne’s sister—

“Mrs. Botham is at Elford with Lady Andover, which I am glad of, for poor Lydia has a taste for[96] conversation above the hum-drum mediocrity of her husband’s understanding. He has a very good pulpit drone, and gives the whole parish an excellent nap every Sunday with his sermonical lullaby.”

[196] Wife of Dr. Cotes, of Wimbledon, sister of Henry, Viscount Irvine, born 1691, died 1761.

“December 31, 1741.

“My dear Sister,

“This day did not begin with the auspicious appearance of a letter from you; I am glad it is not the first day of the New Year, for I might have been superstitious upon it. I hope you kept your letter back a day on purpose to welcome in the coming year. I wish it may be our lot ever to find the next bring us what the last wanted. But alas! time steals the most precious pleasures from us. Our life is like a show that has passed by, leaves but a track that makes remembrance and reflection rugged, a mark is worn for ever where the gay train of pleasures pass’d swiftly by, and observation is much longer displeased than ever it was delighted. I am loth to part with an old year as with an old acquaintance, not that I have to it the gratitude one has to a Benefactor, or the affection one bears to a friend. I am, I fear, neither better nor richer than it found me, but we lived easy together, and not knowing whether I shall have the acquaintance of many years, I could be willing to stop this. I have one obligation to it that I rate highly, that it has ensured you from the danger of smallpox. This year too has allowed us many happy months together. I hope all that are behind for me design the same, else they will come unwelcome, and depart unregretted.... This day sennight I shall be with you and the good family at Horton, telling a ‘Winter’s tale’ by the fireside! Oh that we were all to meet then, that once graced that fireside, even the goodly nine,[197] and thanking my Father and Mother for all the life they imparted to us, and have since supported! I hope the flock is safe and our meeting reserved for some of the golden days of fate.”

[97]

Thomas Robinson, the second brother, had this year brought out his celebrated legal book, entitled “Common Law of Kent, or the Customs of Gavel Kind, with an appendix concerning Borough English,” to this day a well-referred-to book. In 1822 a third edition was published, and another in 1858, revised by J. D. Norwood. Thomas was of Lincoln’s Inn, was admitted April 14, 1730. The “National Biography” states he was never called to the Bar, which must be a mistake, as there is frequent mention of his pleading cases at Canterbury and elsewhere in the manuscripts.

[197] The nine Robinsons, brothers and sisters.

1742
NEW YEAR’S DAY

This year opens with a letter to Mrs. Donnellan, a portion of which I copy—

“Bullstrode, January 1, 1742.

“Dear Mrs. Donnellan,

“Though there is no day of the year in which one does not wish all happiness to one’s friends, this is the particular day in which the heart goes forth in particular vows and wishes for the welfare of those it loves. It is the birth of a new year, whose entrance we would salute, and hope auspicious; nor is this particular mark of time of little use: it teaches us to number our days, which a wise man thought an incitement to the well spending them; and, indeed, did we consider how much the pleasure and profit of our lives depends upon an economy of our time, we should not waste it as we do, in idle repentance, or reflection on the past, or a vain unuseful regard for the future. In youth we defer being prudent till we are old, and look forward to a promise of wisdom as the portion of latter years: when we are old we seek not to improve, and scarce employ ourselves; looking backward to our youth as to the day of our diligence, and take a pride in laziness, saying we rest as after the accomplishment of our undertakings; but we ought to ask for our daily merit, as for our daily bread. The mind, no more than the body, can be [98]sustained by the food taken yesterday, or promised for to-morrow. Every day ought to be considered as a period apart, some virtue should be exercised, some knowledge improved, and the value of happiness well understood, some pleasure comprehended in it; some duty to ourselves or others must be infringed if any of these things are neglected....

“I beg of you to reserve Monday morning for me, and I will spend it all with you; on Tuesday I set out for Mount Morris, and on Sunday night Pen[198] desires you to be at her house. I hope to return to you in the beginning of March for between two and three months. Our happy society is just breaking up, but I will think of it with gratitude, and not with regret, and thank Fate for the joyful hours she lent me....

“This year does not promise me much pleasure as the last has afforded me here, but the fairest gifts of fate come often unexpected.”

[198] Mrs. Pendarves.

LORD GEORGE BENTINCK

This sentence was, had she known it, prophetic, for this very year was to furnish her with an excellent and loving husband, a position of importance, and a plentiful fortune. In a letter to Sarah at this period mention is made by Elizabeth of Lord George Bentinck (the duke’s uncle) having been ill, and the means taken for his recovery!—

“Lord George is much better than he was, and Drs. Mead and Sandys have not determined whether it is gout. I hope it is not; he has been blooded forty ounces within this week, and they say looks as florid as ever!”

NORTHFLEET FAIR

Elizabeth now left the duchess, joining her sister, who was in town with her friend, Mrs. Cotes, and writes to her beloved duchess from Sittingbourne, their halting-place en route home. In this letter she says—

[99]

“When I arrived at Northfleet, where we dined, every Phillis and Corydon were at a fair in the town, and to enter into the humours of the place, I walked through it. In one booth were nymphs and swains buying garters, with amorous posies, some only with the humble request, ‘When these you see, remember me’; others with a poetical and more familiar ‘Be true to me, as I’m to thee.’ Under another booth, for the pleasure of bold British youths, was Admiral Vernon in gingerbread; indeed he appeared in many shapes there, and the curate of the parish carried him home in a brass tobacco stopper. I was a little concerned to see him lying in passive gingerbread, upon a stall with Spanish nuts; but the politicians of our age are wonderful in reconciling the interest of nations. I assure you there was a great deal of company; many hearts did I see exchanged for fairings of cherry-coloured ribbon; and one Cymon more polished than the rest, presented his damsel with a fan, with the intent, I presume, not to give ‘coolness to the matchless Dame.’”

Of politics and the opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, we now gain a glimpse in a letter of Mrs. Donnellan’s of January 14 to Elizabeth—

“It is certainly believed that the King has sent an offer of a reconciliation, and that tempter gold, to the Prince[199] by the Bishop of Oxford,[200] whose answer was that while Sir Robert, who he apprehended had raised his Majesty’s resentment against him, was at Court, he could not appear there, but that if he was removed, he would fly without any other conditions but to have the happiness of throwing himself at his Majesty’s feet.”

[199] Frederick, Prince of Wales, then on very bad terms with his father.

[200] Thomas Secker, born 1693, died 1768; afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury.

SIR ROBERT WALPOLE

The duchess, writing on January 23, says, “Sir Robert carried the question by three votes.”

[100]

In the same letter she says, “I am just come from Court, where I saw your incomparable cousin kiss hands for the government of Barbadoes; now he certainly goes, I will pay my civilities to him in hopes of getting some shells!” This was Sir Thomas Robinson,[201] who, having almost ruined himself with his improvements at Rokeby, and his enormous and frequent entertainments, applied for the governorship on economic reasons, and continued governor till 1747.

[201] “Long” Sir Thomas Robinson, as he was called to distinguish him from another baronet of the same name. See note at end of book on him.

On February 4 the duchess writes in bad spirits to “Fidget”; the duke was ill with the gout, and her little girl, Lady Fanny, had had a convulsion fit, for which “she was blistered and blooded within 12 hours:” drastic treatment for an unfortunate infant not a year old! In this letter we read—

“The King sent Sir Robert word that he had no more orders for him, and that he must resign, but that he made him Earl of Orford. Others report that upon his losing the election of Bainton, Rolt, and Sir Edmund Thomas, he went to the King and told him the current ran so strongly against him he could no longer be of service to him, but that he would come into the House of Lords. Lord Wilmington[202] is to act as first Lord of the Treasury till affairs are settled. It is said the Duke of Richmond[203] has given up, that Sir William Young and Winnington are to be turned out, Harry Pelham to be the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and there is a patent drawing for Miss Walpole[204] to take the place of Lord Orford’s daughter.”

[202] Earl of Wilmington, died 1743.

[203] Charles, 2nd Duke.

[204] Miss Skerrit, illegitimate daughter of Sir Robert.

Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Sir Thomas Robinson (1st. Baron Rokeby)

[101]

LORD ORFORD

On February 9 Mrs. Pendarves writes the following:—

“Clarges Street, February 9, 1742.

“My dear Miss Robinson will think me very dilatory in obeying her commands, but the uneasy situation I have been in, surrounded by sick friends[205] and servants, must make an excuse for me.

“Burnet,[206] I hope is safe on your table, and has by this time given you some entertainment.

“As for the fringe it should have been sent to you sooner, could I have found it, but it was buried under such a variety of rubbish it was like digging in a mine to find it. Don’t let these delays discourage you from making use of me again, for no one can take more pleasure in being your humble servant than I do. This is asserting a bold truth, and would draw on me numbers of challenges, if I published it. I should not be afraid of accepting the combat where my cause was so good. Our letters crost on the road. Your observation on retirement is very just, and all your thoughts show the good use you make of Retirement; but I wish for my own sake to draw you out of it. I am not so unreasonable as to expect to hear often from you. I can’t justly make that demand, but if you were in town I should endeavour to have a great deal of your company; let me know when I may hope to see you. At present I can give you no very inviting reason for coming; as to the entertainments of the place, all parties are out of humour; everybody conjectures something; nobody knows anything, but that Sir R(obert) W(alpole) kissed hands yesterday as Lord Orford, and his daughter as Lady Mary, that he resigned yesterday, and goes to Houghton in a few days. His faithful services to his King are well rewarded. I have been interrupted by two favourites of yours, Lord Cornbury and Mrs. Donnellan, and to[102] recommend them still stronger to your favour, they have prevented your having a dull long letter. I send the fringe enclosed; if I wait till my spirit is more alert you may want your apron, and think I have quite neglected your orders. I will run any hazard rather than give you just cause to complain of me, and am with great sincerity,

“My dear Fidget,
“Yours most faithfully,
“M. P.

“P.S.—My sister desires her best compliments, mine attends yours, and all your family.”

[205] Mrs. D’Ewes, her sister, and Sir John Stanley, her uncle, had been ill.

[206] Bishop Burnet’s “History of the Reformation.”

THE DUCHESS OF NORFOLK’S MASQUERADE

On February 11 the duchess writes—

“Great changes have been wrought to-day, Mr. Sandys has kissed hands as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Carteret,[207] is to be Secretary of State,[208] Lord Harrington, President of the Council, Mr. Pulteney[209] and Lord Winchelsea[210] are to go to Court to-morrow; and all affairs are to be transacted by the advice of Pulteney and Pelham. Lord Cobham[211] has hindered the Prince coming to Court, but it is to be hoped he will be persuaded to the contrary. The Duchess of Norfolk is to have a masquerade next Wednesday, so that I am in the greatest of hurrys to get ready. I am to be ‘Night.’”

[207] Afterwards Earl Granville, born 1690, died 1763.

[208] William, 1st Earl, born 1690, died 1756.

[209] Afterwards Earl of Bath, born 1684, died July 8, 1764.

[210] Daniel, 8th Earl, born 1689, died 1769.

[211] Sir Richard Temple, made Baron Cobham, born 1669, died 1749.

On the same day Mrs. Donnellan writes that—

“The Duchess of Norfolk’s[212] masquerade employs the gay world as much at present as the Court places does the ambitious. The Duchess, Lady Andover, and[103] Pen have their tickets, poor Dash[213] fears she will not have one. The Duchess is to represent ‘Night,’ and you know she has stars to adorn it, and make it bright as day. Lady Andover and Pen are to be dressed after Holler’s Prints. I have desired they make this house their place of meeting, and shall desire the same of all my acquaintance, which will give me all I care for of a masquerade.”

[212] Wife of 9th Duke, née Mary Blount.

[213] “Delia” Dashwood.

Another peep at the masquerade is gained by a letter from “Cally” Scott to the two Robinson sisters—

“The Princess of Wales[214] was the finest figure that ever was seen; she had a vast number of jewels, and was in Queen Elizabeth’s dress: the Duchess of Portland’s was very odd and pretty, her upper part was night, and the lower moonshine.”

[214] Augusta of Saxe Gotha, wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales.

SIR HANS SLOANE

The duchess writes early in February—

“My dearest Fidget,

“Though I shall have the pleasure of seeing you soon, yet I can’t help conversing with you as often as it is in my power. I am but just come from Sir Hans Sloane’s,[215] where I have beheld many odder things than himself, though none so inconsistent: however, I will not rail, for he has given me some of his trumpery to add to my collection, and till I get better they shall remain there....

“The Duchess of Marlborough’s Memoirs[216] are come out. I long to read ’em, and hear she has given my grandfather a character, entirely worthy of herself, to show posterity how very different they were in all circumstances of life. If she makes her character to[104] answer his, she has given him a great foil which his virtue did not require. Swift’s ‘Four last years of Queen Anne’[217] are coming out. I don’t hear they are yet printed.”

[215] Eminent physician and naturalist, born 1660, died 1753; then living at Bushington House, Chelsea.

[216] Her “Account of her Conduct.” Mr. N. Hooke helped her to write it this year.

[217] Was not printed till 1758.

HOUSE OF LORDS

Elizabeth now went to London, and in February writes this interesting letter to her father in Kent—

“Sir,

“I thought it would be agreeable to you to have an account of the mighty and important proceedings of both houses yesterday, so I have sent you the question, which was debated in both Houses with a good deal of warmth. It was brought into the House of Lords by Lord Carteret,[218] who spoke two hours in opening. Lord Carlisle and Lord Westmorland spoke with great warmth, and Lord Carlisle[219] was very bitter. Lord Halifax[220] seconded Lord Carteret. Lord Talbot said in answer to the Duke of Marlborough’s motion (that it might be voted that an attempt to inflict any kind of punishment, etc., etc.) that he would not say that all persons were interested that spoke in favour of Sir Robert, that they appeared to be so, and upon being called to order, he said with heat that he was used to speak truth, and he did believe (by the most sacred oath) that they were so, and that he was ready to give any man satisfaction that would require it. All moderate men voted with the majority in both Houses. Lord Cornbury and Mr. Harley spoke in favour of Sir R.: the latter said that though Sir R. had pursued a relation[221] of his without evidence, and caused his imprisonment, and thereby the shortening of his life, he could not, as he had differed from him in all his measures, copy him[105] in that, and so withdrew with his brother and many others who had great disobligations to the Member. Mr. Skipper would not vote against the great man, for it seems there was no proof nor evidence of the accusations. I think the majority was 290 against 190 in the House of Commons. Many of the Country interest did not vote at all; they did not break up till three. The House of Lords at one o’clock in the morning. Mr. Sandys[222] opened very well, and Mr. ‘Ste’-Fox[223] spoke on the other side extremely well. I may by the next post, be able to give you a further account of the matter, but this is all I have yet heard, for the Members of Parliament are half asleep to-day.

“I am, Sir,
“Your most dutiful, etc.”

[218] John, 2nd Baron Carteret, afterwards Earl Granville.

[219] 7th Earl of Carlisle.

[220] 5th Earl of Halifax.

[221] Alluding to the impeachment and imprisonment of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford.

[222] Afterwards 1st Lord Sandys of Ombersley.

[223] Father of 1st Baron Holland.

THE HOUSE’S ADDRESS

On the other side of this folio letter, in another handwriting, is the Question—

“The House was moved that an humble Address be presented to his Majesty, most humbly to advise and beseech his Majesty that he will be most graciously pleased to Remove the Right Honble. Sir Robert Walpole, Kt. of the most noble order of the Garter, first Commissioner of his Majesty’s Treasury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, and one of his Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, from his Majesty’s Presence and Councils for ever,

“And a question being stated thereupon after long Debate,

“The Question was put, whether such an address shall be presented to his Majesty.

“It was resolved in the Negative. Contents 47, Proxies 12: 59. Not Contents 89, Proxies 19: 108.

“Then it was likewise moved that an attempt to inflict any kind of Punishment on any Person without [106]allowing him an opportunity to make his defence, or without proof of any crime or misdemeanor committed by him, is contrary to natural Justice, the fundamental Laws of this Realm, and by ancient established usage of Parliament, and is a high infringement of the Liberties of the Subject. After further debate, The Previous Question being put, whether that Question shall now be put?

“It was resolved in the Affirmative.

“Then the Main Question was put, and it was resolved in ye Affirmative. Contents 81, Not Contents 54.”

THE OPERA —
GARRICK

Elizabeth, in a letter to the Rev. William Freind, gives us an insight into the Opera of that period—

“I was at the Opera on Saturday night, where was all the world. I was very well diverted between the Opera and the Audience, or I ought rather to say the Spectators, for they came to see and not to hear. I heard the Elephant was the finest thing in the Opera, but that was contradicted, and the burning of the Temple was preferred to it. To accommodate everything to the absurdity of the Town, the dancing is rendered more ridiculous and grotesque than ever. I was thinking if the Court of Augustus could have seen the polite part of our nation, admiring a wooden Elephant, with two lamps stuck for eyes, and poor Scipio and Asdrubal could have risen to have seen themselves covered with silver spangles, and quavering an Italian Air, what an honest indignation and scorn would they have conceived at us....

“My Sister Pea is abroad; I am confined again by a little feverishness. I thought as it was a London fever it might be polite, so I carried it to the Ridotto, Court, and Opera, but it grew so perverse and stubborn, so I put it into a White Hood and double handkerchief, and kept it by the fire these three days, and it is better; indeed I hope it is worn out. On Saturday I intend to [107]go to Goodman’s Fields to see Garrick[224] act Richard III.: that I may get one cold from a regard to sense, I have sacrificed enough to folly in catching colds at the Great Puppet Shows in town.

* * * * *

“I must tell you advice is to me this morning, that Anson[225] had taken three Ships laden with silver, and is going to Chagre, and from thence to Panama; Vernon and Wentworth are to go with him, and Trelawney is to accompany them to reconcile their resolutions.”

[224] David Garrick, born 1716, died 1779. Made his first appearance on the stage in 1741.

[225] Admiral Lord Anson, born 1697, died 1762. Eminent naval commander.

At this period Morris Robinson lost his beloved college friend, a Mr. Carter, a most promising youth, from smallpox. Morris attended him until his death, and was almost inconsolable for his loss.

[108]

## CHAPTER IV.
ENGAGEMENT AND EARLY MARRIED LIFE.

I have made but few allusions to Elizabeth’s love triumphs, but as the time approaches when she was to make her final choice, I must now allude to them. There was a certain “Mr. B.,” from what I can gather a Mr. Brockman, of Beechborough, a fine place near Mount Morris, who had been desperately in love with her for some time; he is frequently alluded to in the family letters. In one to Sarah at this period Elizabeth says—

“Poor Mr. B. really takes his misfortunes so to heart that he is literally dying, indeed I hear he is very ill, which I am sorry for, but I have no balsam of heartsease for him, if he should die I will have him buried in Westminster Abbey next the woman that died of a prick of a finger, for it is quite as extraordinary, and he shall have his figure languishing in wax, with ‘Miss Robinson, fecit,’ wrote over his head; upon my word I compassionate his pains, and pity him, but as I am as compassionate, I am as cold too as Charity. He pours out his soul in lamentations to his friends, and ‘all but the nymph that should redress his wrong, attend his passion and approve his song,’ for the Rhyme will have it so. I am glad he has such a stock of flesh to waste upon. Waller says that—

“‘Sleep from careful Lovers flies
To bathe himself in Sacharissa’s eyes.’”

[109]

LOVERS

A certain captain, name unknown, also inveigled the Rev. William Freind to a coffee-house to talk two hours by the clock of Miss Elizabeth Robinson’s perfections. About this Elizabeth writes to Mr. Freind—

“I am very sorry if the poor man is really what you think, unhappy; if his case is uneasy I am sure it is desperate; complaint I hope, is more the language, than misery the condition, of lovers. To speak ingenuously you men use us oddly enough, you adore the pride, flatter the vanity, gratify the ill-nature, and obey the tyranny that insults you; then slight the love, despise the affection, and enslave the obedience that would make you happy: when frowning mistresses all are awful goddesses, when submissive wives, despicable mortals. There are two excellent lines which have made me ever deaf to the voice of the charmer, charm’d he ever so sweetly—

“‘The humblest Lover when he lowest lies,
Submits to conquer, and but kneels to rise.’

“Flattery has ever been the ladder to power, and I have detested its inverted effects of worshipping one into slavery, while it has pretended to adore one to Deification. If ever I commit my happiness to the hands of any person, it must be one whose indulgence I can trust, for flattery I cannot believe. I am sure I have faults, and am convinced a husband will find them, but wish he may forgive them; but vanity is apt to seek the admirer, rather than the friend, not considering that the passion of love may, but the effect of esteem can never, degenerate to dislike. I do not mean to exclude Love, but I mean to guard against the fondness that arises from personal advantages.... I have known many men see all the cardinal virtues in a good complexion, and every ornament of a character in a pair of fine eyes, and they have married these perfections, which might perhaps shine and bloom a twelvemonth, and then alas![110] it appeared these fine characters were only written in white and red.

“A long and intimate acquaintance is the best presage of future agreement. I have strengthened this argument to myself by the example of you and Mrs. Freind. I hope in my long and tedious dissertation I have said nothing disrespectful of Love. As for your particular inducement to it I cannot tell whether it was beauty or good qualities, they being united in her in a degree of perfection not to be excelled.”

After wishing the rejected lover “Riches and alliance to help his laudable ambition,” she concludes with, “I wish the same advantages for myself, with one of established fortune and character, so established, that one piece of generosity should not hurt his fortune, nor one act of indiscretion prejudice his character.”

SIR GEORGE LYTTELTON

Who this particular individual was is not now known, but that Elizabeth was the cynosure of all eyes from her wit, beauty, and vivacity is shown by her brothers’ letters of this period, which constantly allude to her troop of admirers. Mr. Lyttelton, now Sir George Lyttelton, the only single man whom she had ever mentioned with uniform admiration, married this year, on June 15, Lucy, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, Esq., of Filleigh, Devonshire, a marriage of the purest affection on both sides.

In a letter at the end of 1741 she states that her father’s steward in Yorkshire had been guilty of peccadilloes, and that she was to accompany her parents to Yorkshire in early spring, where her father promised her attendance at the York races, in lieu of the Canterbury ones, which then appeared to her a poor substitute. Whilst in Yorkshire she either met for the first time, or more probably renewed her acquaintance with, Mr. Edward Montagu, her future husband, of whom some account must now be given.

[111]

MR. EDWARD MONTAGU

Edward Montagu was the son of Charles Montagu, fifth son of the great Earl of Sandwich,[226] Lord High Admiral of the Fleet to Charles II., and who had acted as his proxy at his marriage with Catherine of Braganza. Charles Montagu married twice. By his first wife, Elizabeth Foster, he had one son, James; he married for second wife Sarah Rogers, daughter of John Rogers and his wife, née Margaret Cock. The Rogers owned large estates at Newcastle-on-Tyne[227] and in its neighbourhood. Charles Montagu, by his second marriage, had three sons, Edward, Crewe, and John, and a daughter, Jemima, who was married at the time I am writing of to Mr. Sydney Medows, afterwards Sir Sydney Medows. Mr. Edward Montagu was born in 1691, hence he was twenty-nine years older than Elizabeth. At the time he courted Elizabeth, another admirer, a young nobleman, whose name I know not, is stated to have been in love with her, but constant to her former protestation of choosing a “formed character” that she could look up to, she chose the older man. It is odd not a sentence is met with about him before, except that one of her brothers chaffs her about “converting a Mr. M—— to dancing,” which may have referred to him. He was a profound mathematician, the friend of Emerson and other learned men of that day. His character was amiable, equable, just, and of the highest integrity, as is shown by his letters, and his political conduct as a Member of Parliament in what was a corrupt age. Mrs. Carter[228] mentions him “as a man of sense, a scholar, and a mathematician” in her letters. He owned a good estate at Allerthorpe,[112] Yorkshire, and another near Rokeby (the fine estate belonging to Elizabeth’s cousin, “Long” Sir Thomas Robinson), also a house in Dover Street, London.

[226] For other particulars as to the Montagu family the reader is referred to the pedigree.

[227] In 1689 Mr. Rogers bought the estate of East Denton, Northumberland, with its collieries, for £10,900.

[228] Elizabeth Carter, born 1716, died 1806. The learned Greek scholar.

MRS. DONNELLAN’S ADVICE —
SWIFT’S YAHOOS

Evidently the letter here inserted in Mrs. Anne Donnellan’s handwriting, but unsigned, was an answer to an appeal of Elizabeth’s for advice as to this courtship. Though long, I consider it so perfectly suitable in its advice to any persons contemplating matrimony, I give it in extenso—

“I can’t enough express to you, my dear Friend, how much your confidence in me obliges me, as it shows me the place I hold in your heart. The latter part of your letter, which is what I write to now, is a difficulty I know how to pity, as I have experienced it, and yet I do not find I am at all the more capable of advising how to avoid it; there is a medium between encouragement and ill humour that is certainly right to avoid being thought to desire to raise a passion that one does not design to gratifie, or to be too apt to think one has raised a passion that must be discouraged, for as I think nothing is more unjust than to wish to make another unhappy, merely to gratifie a vanity of being known to be admired, so nothing is more ridiculous than to be too apt to fancy one has raised such a passion, and I should always choose to be the last that perceived it, rather than the first. I have seen so many appearances of liking that has proved neither uneasy to one side or t’other, that I am not apt to fear great hurt from them, and I fancy the longer you live the more you will be of my mind; indeed when a man gives way to a passion on a prospect of success, and finds a disappointment to it, has often, I believe, given a melancholy turn to his whole life: but for what I call occasional likings they can run from one to another with great ease and dexterity. Now what I think the most difficult in these affairs is to satisfie others in our conduct, for there is as you observe, in the heart of male and female a principle of vanity and self-love that makes us unwillingly give way to a preference [113]in any thing, and we are very apt to comfort ourselves with thinking, and sometimes saying, that the preference given is not from greater perfections, but from greater encouragement, ‘some people set themselves out, and pay a court I cannot,’ when we are all doing our best to gain this descried admiration, and vexed, even to make us unjust when we fail. In short, and when I view human nature in some lights, I can almost forgive Swift’s Yahoos. But to the point. I should think the behaviour on these occasions should be as easy as we can, and we should be pretty sure there is a passion growing in the heart before we make an alteration that can be perceived by the person concerned, and as for the by-slanderers, I should endeavour to convince them I did not desire such a conquest, but at the same time, I would not let them think they could easily persuade me I had made it. I would converse as usual in public, but I would avoid private conversations, lest others should think I sought them, but these are things I am sure you can think of better than I can, and must be practised as circumstances suit. The person said nothing here but what was extremely proper, we talked of you all, and you and another were commended with great elegance, and for the third they said they did not know them enough to give an opinion.

“Now my dear Friend a word about the desire that is natural in most females to make lovers, if you meet with a person who you think would be proper to make you happy in the married state, and they show a desire to please you, and a solidity in their liking, give it the proper encouragement that the decency of our sex will allow of, for it is the settlement in the world we should aim at, and the only way we females have of making ourselves of use to Society and raising ourselves in this world; but for lovers merely for being courted and admired they are of no real use, and often prove a great detriment both by their own malice of disappointment and their jealousy of others, and for a friendship of any tenderness between disengaged persons of different sexes[114] I am afraid there is no such thing, so do not be caught by that deceitful bait. Esteem and regard may be without passion, but tenderness and confidence, and what we call friendship among ourselves, will, with opportunity, turn to desire in the different sexes. We desire to possess a friend to know their heart, to be in their thoughts, this must turn to passion between the sexes, I think ’tis impossible to be otherwise, and I could express it more philosophically but you will do it for me. Now pardon me this impertinent letter, there are not those in the world to whom I would write so freely, for I do not know those who I think have sense and goodness of heart, to bear advice: the only merit of mine is its sincerity and affection, and having seen more years has given me many opportunities of seeing the world of love, with all its mischiefs. Adieu, burn this, and love me as I do you most sincerely.

“P.S.—I will say no more of Books till we meet, though I must wonder at the want of discernment in those who can read an Author who is all fiction, and take it for certain truth.”

MRS. MONTAGU’S MARRIAGE

Anyhow, Mr. Montagu and Elizabeth entered into an engagement, and in the Gentleman’s Magazine for August, 1742, is the following announcement:—“August 5th. Edward Montagu, Esqr., Member for Huntingdon, to the eldest daughter of Matthew Robinson, of Horton in Kent, Esqr.”

The Rev. William Freind tied the nuptial knot.

The day after her marriage Mrs. Montagu writes to the Duchess of Portland—

“Friday, August 6, 1742.

“Dear Madam,

“I return your Grace a thousand thanks for your letter; the good wishes of a friend are of themselves a happiness, and believe me I have always thought myself the nearer being happy because I knew you[115] wished me so. If your affection to me will last as long as my love and gratitude towards you, I think it will stay with me till the latest moment I shall have in this world; no alteration of circumstances or length of time can wear out my grateful remembrance of your favours to me; you have a station in my heart, from whence you cannot be driven while any one virtue lives in it: truth, constancy, gratitude, and every honest affection guard you there!

“Mr. Montagu desires me to make his compliments to my Lord Duke and your Grace, with many thanks for the favour his Grace designs him of a visit which he is not willing to put off so long as our return from Yorkshire, but will be glad of the honour of seeing the Duke on Monday, at seven o’clock in Dover Street; and I hope at that most happy hour to have the pleasure of seeing you. We shall spend that evening in Town. If you will be at home to-morrow at two o’clock, I will pass an hour with you; but pray send me word to Jermyn Street at eleven, whether I can come to you without meeting any person at Whitehall but the Duke; to every one else pray deny your dressing room. Mr. Freind will tell your Grace I behaved magnanimously, and not one cowardly tear, I assure you, did I shed at the solemn Altar, my mind was in no mirthful mood indeed. I have a great hope of happiness; the world, as you say, speaks well of Mr. Montagu, and I have many obligations to him, which must gain my particular esteem; but such a change of life must furnish me with a thousand anxious thoughts.

“Adieu, my dear Lady Duchess: whatever I am, I must still be with gratitude, affection, and fidelity,

“Yours,
“Eliza Montagu.”
LADY ANDOVER

Amongst the numerous congratulations received on her marriage may be mentioned letters from Lady Andover, staying at Levens with the Berkshires, and Mrs. Pendarves, who writes from Calwich. The[116] following paragraph shows the general esteem of Mr. Montagu’s character—

“I think you cannot be disappointed in the choice you have made; you know the essentials of happiness, and have made your choice accordingly, and Mr. Montagu must be much envied now, as he has always been esteemed: nobody’s character answers more to your merit. You must give me leave to trouble you with my compliments to him, and to add that I wish to be acquainted with him. I cannot help having a very favourable opinion of the person whom you have preferred to all others.”

“DELIA”

“Delia” (Miss Dashwood) writes—

“My heart in plain sincerity wishes you joy and lasting happiness, and sure you have the best security for both, as all allow Mr. Montagu has an uncommon good understanding, and as large a share of good nature, both which are conspicuous in yourself, that they must undoubtedly when joined produce a lasting harmony.”

HONEYMOON TOUR

Mr. Montagu appears to have been only known by popular report to the Bullstrode circle, till his marriage, but his immense circle of relations and friends opened a fresh vista of delightful and extended social engagements for his wife. This first letter of Elizabeth’s to her mother after marriage is interesting—

“Dover Street, August 10.

“Hond. Madam,

“I had the pleasure of meeting your letter here last night at my arrival. The Duke and Duchess of Portland spent the evening and supped with us. This morning I have been looking over the house, and seeing many things much better than I deserve, in which I am to have a share: but what gives me infinitely more pleasure than these favours of fortune, is observing the willingness and gladness with which Mr. Montagu [117]bestows them upon me. I find the house very good and convenient, and I hope I shall spend many happy days in it. Happy I am sure they will be to me, if I can make them so to the person who has thus obliged me. I must write but a very short letter, for Mrs. Medows[229] who favours us with her company to dinner is waiting for me in the next room.

“My sister is just returned from some business she has been doing for me, she would desire her duty if she was here, but there are two pair of stairs between us. I hope you got well home from Canterbury. We propose going away on Thursday. This day we shall spend in Town, to-morrow we return to our Box in Kentish Town, and then away to Yorkshire, where if you have any commands, pray let me have the pleasure of executing them. Madam Sally and I will write our travels as we go. Mr. Montagu desires his best respects to you, my Father and my brothers. My duty and love attends them as proper. I will in all good say as far and as much for my sister as myself, so accept the same compliment from her, and believe me, dear Madam, with a grateful sense of all your and my Father’s goodness and care,

“Your dutiful, affectionate and
obliged Daughter,
“Eliza Montagu.

“P.S.—I design to write to my Father next post. The Duke of Argyll[230] is said to be relenting upon the subject of places of which several are spoken of for him, and that he goes to Flanders. Some report that his eldest daughter[231] is to be Duchess of Greenwich at his death.”

[229] Mr. Montagu’s sister.

[230] 2nd Duke of Argyll and Duke of Greenwich. Military commander, statesman, and orator; born 1680, died 1743.

[231] Caroline, made Baroness Greenwich.

It will be seen by this letter that Sarah Robinson was acting chaperone, which the odd etiquette of those days exacted, it being then not thought bon ton for a newly married couple to be alone on their honeymoon!

[118]

MR. ROBINSON

The following letter from Mr. Robinson to his new son-in-law shows the happiness of the newly married couple:—

“Dear Sir,

“Don’t be apprehensive upon seeing this, that added to the impertinence you have already received from my hands, you are to have that of a troublesome correspondent; I can assure you it is the way I am the least troublesome to my friends; the truth of the matter is that I know I should never forgive myself if I should be wanting to you in any respect, even though it should amount to no more than a point of ceremony. As I think that no letters that come from your wife ought to be a secret to you, I cannot help telling you I saw one from her last week to her Mother, and another to her brother Tom, so full of the happiness of her present condition, and the prospect of her future, that I begin to be suspicious that they are designed as a reproof to me for the deplorable state under which she passed twenty-three years. I shall not forgive her till I know she uses all her endeavours to give to you an equal share, which I think you have at least a right to. We hope you enjoy the benefit of this fine weather upon the road, and will arrive safe and well at Allerthorpe before this to the satisfaction of my good friend Mr. Carter.[232] Our compliments attend your family and his.

“I am your most obedient Servant,
“Matt. Robinson.

“Horton, August ye 15, 1742.”

This was addressed—

“To Edward Montagu, Esqr.,
“at Allerthorpe Hall,[233]
“near Burrough Bridge,
“Yorkshire.
“Member of Parliament.”

[232] Mr. Carter was steward and agent to Mr. Montagu; a most worthy man.

[233] Allerthorpe, being close to Burneston, the Robinsons were well acquainted with the neighbourhood.

DR. CONYERS MIDDLETON

[119]The following letter of Dr. Conyers Middleton to Elizabeth on her marriage is of interest:—

“Hildersham,[234] near Linton, August 17, 1742.

“Madam,

“I should have paid my compliments earlier on the joyful occasion of your marriage if I had known whither to address them; for your brother’s letter which informed me, happened to lie several days at Cambridge, before it came to my hands. My congratulation, however, though late, wants nothing of the warmth with which the earliest was accompanied; for I must beg leave to assure you that I take a real part in the present joy of your family, and feel a kind of paternal[235] pleasure, from the good fortune of one whose amiable qualities I have been a witness of from her tenderest years, and to whom I have ever been wishing and ominating everything that is good. I have always expected from your singular merit and accomplishments that they would recommend you in proper time to an advantageous and honourable match; and was assured from your prudence that it would never suffer you to accept any which was not worthy of you; so that it gives me not only the greatest pleasure on your account, but a sort of pride also on my own, to see my expectations so fully answered, and my predictions of you so literally fulfilled. As all conjugal happiness is founded on mutual affection, cherished by good sense, so you have the fairest prospect of it now open before you, by your marriage with a gentleman, not only of figure and fortune, but of great knowledge and understanding, who values you, not so much for the charms of your person, as the beauties of your mind, which will always give you the surest hold of him, as they will every day be gathering strength, whilst the others are daily losing it. But I should make a sad[120] compliment to a blooming bride if I meant to exclude her person from contributing any part to her nuptial happiness; that is far from my meaning; and yours Madam, I am sure, could not fail of having its full share in acquiring your husband’s affection. What I would inculcate therefore, is only this: that though beauty has the greatest force to conciliate affection, yet it cannot preserve it without the help of the mind; and whatever the perfection of the one may be, the accomplishments of the other will always be the more amiable; and in the married state especially, will be found after all, the most solid and lasting basis of domestic comfort. But I am using the privilege of my years, and instead of compliments, giving lessons to one who does not want them. I shall only add, therefore, my repeated wishes for all the joy that matrimony can give you and Mr. Montagu, to whose worthy character I am no stranger, though I have not the honour to be known to him in person, and am with sincere respect,

“Madam,
“Your faithful friend,
and obedient servant,
“Conyers Middleton.

“P.S.—My wife charges me with her compliments and best wishes of all happiness and prosperity in your new state of life.”

[234] Hildersham, near Cambridge, built by Dr. Middleton. The poet Gray was a constant visitor there.

[235] It will be remembered Dr. Middleton’s first wife was Mrs. Drake, née Morris, Elizabeth’s maternal grandmother.

ALLERTHORPE

Here I make some extracts from Mrs. Montagu’s second letter to her beloved Duchess of Portland, dated August 21, 1742, from Allerthorpe, Mr. Montagu’s Yorkshire seat—

“On Tuesday I arrived at this place, not tired with my journey, but satisfied therewith. As far as Nottingham you will travel very soon, and then as far as Doncaster, therefore it will be but impertinent to give you an account of the road or anything concerning it. I will only tell your Grace I saw Nottingham [121]Castle,[236] where there is beauty and magnificence worthy the wisdom and the riches of your ancestors. As we came nearer to this place, the country grew more wild, but not less beautiful; we came through some rivers that charmed me beyond all things.... We have at present very fine weather, the sun gilds every object, and I assure you it is the only fine thing we have here, for the house is old and not handsome: it is very convenient, and the situation extremely pleasant. We found the finest peaches, nectarines and apricots, that I have ever eat: your Grace will think I mean turnips, carrots and parsnips; but really and truly they are apricots, peaches and nectarines. To-morrow, I believe will be one of the happiest days I ever spent, I am to go to fetch my brothers from school. How delightful will be such a meeting after so many years’ separation.”

[236] Belonged to the Dukes of Newcastle, the duchess’s ancestors. Destroyed by mob in Reform riots, 1835.

LITTLE BROTHERS

These were her three youngest brothers, William, John, and Charles, who had been five years at school at Scorton, without coming home. Mr. Montagu, eager to gratify his bride’s love of her family, had allowed her to have them to stay, and ever afterwards he was their constant friend and benefactor. Further on in the letter she states that it took them “six days with very easy stages” to reach Allerthorpe from London! In the next letter she states that her little brothers being “sensible, good-natured, and sober, the most affectionate towards each other of any children of their age I ever saw: they have very good characters at school, both as to their learning and behaviour; but the quintessence of perfection is my brother Jack.”

At the end of this letter she mentions her old friend, Miss Cally Scott, of Scott’s Hall, was going to be married to Mr. Best, a man of fortune.

[122]

THE REV. MATTHEW ROBINSON

On August 25 she writes to her cousin, Mrs. Freind—

“Dear Cousin, I am ashamed I have not before answered your kind letter and returned thanks for those good wishes of whose accomplishments I hope there is the fairest prospect: I think we increase in esteem without decaying in complaisance, and I hope we shall always remember Mr. Freind and the fifth of August with thankfulness. I am infinitely obliged to Mr. Freind for not letting the knot be tied by the hands of an ordinary bungler; he was very good in coming to London on purpose, but he did not give his last benediction, but stole away before my sister or any of us were come downstairs.

“We arrived at this place after a journey of six days through fine countries, where the riches of Harvest promised luxury to the Landlord, plenty to the farmer and food to the labourer. Here we are situated in a fine country, and Mr. Montagu has the pleasure of calling many hundred pounds a year about his house his own, without any person’s property interfering with it: I think it is the prettiest estate, and in the best order I ever saw; large and beautiful meadows for riding or walking in, with a pretty river[237] winding about them, upon which we shall sometimes go out in boats.

“In this parish Dr. Robinson,[238] our general Uncle, has founded a school and an Alms House where the young are taught industry, the old, content: I propose to visit the Alms House very soon. I saw the old women with the Bucks upon their sleeves at Church, and it gave me pleasure. Heraldry[239] does not always descend with such honour, as when Charity leads her by the hand. Our uncle did this good while he was alive;[123] it was not that Soul thrift that would save itself with another’s money.

“I hope you will forgive my not having written to you before, but a new family, and a new place must take up one’s time. Our house here is tolerably convenient, and that is all that can be said for it. We have a better which I hope you will often see in Berkshire.[240] Pray when you and Mr. Freind have a leisure hour, dispose of it in writing to me. Mr. Montagu has an estate near Rokeby, from whence I intend to visit Sir Thomas Robinson’s[241] fine park of which I hear great praising.

“I am, dear Madam,
“Your most affectionate cousin,
and obedient, humble servant,
“Elizabeth Montagu.”

[237] The Swale.

[238] The Rev. Matthew Robinson founded these charities at Burneston, York, where he was Vicar for forty years.

[239] The Hospitallers wear a purple gown with a gold buck on the shoulder, the Robinson crest.

[240] Sandleford Priory, Berks.

[241] Mrs. Freind’s brother. See note on Rokeby at the end of this book.

FIRST LETTER TO MR. MONTAGU

Mr. Montagu having left Elizabeth for a few days for business at Newcastle, she writes to him—

“How very fortunate are those few who in the Person they love, meet with the principles of Honour and Virtue to guide them through the World, but this, my fortune, so happy and so rare, shall not breed in me that insolence of opinion that I deserve it, but I will still look up to Heaven and you with gratitude and continual acknowledgments.”

This sufficiently indicates the happiness and mutual confidence reigning between the newly wedded pair.

On October 2 Dr. Conyers Middleton wrote Mrs. Montagu a long letter, mainly a dissertation on marriage and its duties. He alludes to his pleasure at her having her three youngest brothers with her, calling them “enfans trouvés by a sister unknown to them,” and he adds—

“I shall always think myself particularly interested [124]in their success, for they were all born under my roof, which may, one day perhaps, derive an accession of fame from that circumstance. If I should live to see any of them in the University, it would be a pleasure to me to do everything in my power that might be of use to their improvement.”

This shows that Mrs. Robinson had been accustomed to stay with her mother, the first Mrs. Middleton, for her latter frequent confinements, though Elizabeth and some of the elder sons were born at York. Dr. Middleton begs Mr. and Mrs. Montagu to pay him a visit at Cambridge on their return to London, and states, “This university had the honour of Mr. Montagu’s education, and claims some share in yours.”

PÈRE LE COURAYER —
WORKSOP

Being detained by business in the north, Mrs. Montagu wrote to Mrs. Donnellan to send her a winter mantle and muff, and as prices of those times may interest my readers, I will mention the blue velvet mantle cost £5, the ermine muff one guinea. In Mrs. Donnellan’s letter the Père Courayer sends his compliments and good wishes to Mrs. Montagu. As he figures much in later letters, I give a short sketch of his biography. Peter Francis le Courayer was born in 1681, and was a Normandy ecclesiastic; although a Roman Catholic, he had the courage to defend the ordinances of the English Church, for which the Pope censured him severely. He left France for England, and went to Oxford, where he lodged with Mrs. Chenevix, the famous toy-woman. He was made LL.D., and translated Father Paul’s “History of the Council of Trent,” also Sleidan’s “History of the Reformation.” He was well known to Horace Walpole. He died in 1776. His pet-name was “the little Père.” In a letter of the duchess’s of October 9 from Welbeck, where she was visiting her mother, Lady Oxford, she says—

[125]

“Mamma was so obliging last week as to carry us to Worksop Manor,[242] the Duke of Norfolk’s.[243] The Designs are noble and grand, they have made great plantations. The gardener told me he had planted last year 300,000 Forest trees, besides sowing three score bushels of seeds. The approach to the house is fine. I don’t like the house though it was built by Bess of Harwicke, whose wisdom I have in great reverence: the best apartment is up two pair of stairs, the additional offices lately built are exceedingly good, the Dairy much prettier than that we saw at Richmond. The servant told us the Duchess gave the chief direction for the building, had planted those woods, had drawn the plan for that piece of water of 120 acres. The Duke’s time is chiefly occupied with drawing plans for Bee hives! With difficulty I kept my countenance....

[242] Worksop was burnt down in 1761. The duke here mentioned built 500 rooms to it.

[243] Edward Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk.

FRENCH ECONOMY

“We were on Monday at Kiveton, which is by much the finest house I ever saw, and the best furnished. The Park and views from it are very beautiful.”

From Allerthorpe the Montagus visited Mr. Buckley[244] at Bishop’s Dale, near which place Mr. Robinson in former days had lived in the shooting season. Elizabeth had not been there for fifteen years. She describes to the Duchess of Portland the country—

[244] Mr. Buckley had been a second father to the three little Robinson boys, who spent their holidays with him.

“I had been three days upon an expedition to a wild part of the country called the Dales, where Nature’s works are not delicate, pretty and mignonne, but grand, sublime and magnificent. Vast mountains, rocks and cascades, and rapid rivers make the country beautiful and surprising. We went to a farm abounding in wonders, a high hill with some hanging wood before it, behind it a large and rapid river with the prospect of[126] a huge cascade, an old Castle and a Church. Some houses in view take from it the honour of absolute solitude: a range of rocks appears like the ruins of an old town on the other side of the river. In a cottage built in this charming place, lives an old woman, who has attained to an hundred and four years, and for this long lease of life, has not exchanged the best comfort. She enjoys good health, tolerable strength, has her hearing perfect, and her sight very well: is cheerful and has not lost her reason, but answers with sense and spirit, her hair is of a fine black: she was knitting when we went to her, and has promised to knit me a pair of stockings in a month.

“My Father had a house in this part of the world for the summer sports of shooting and fishing, so that the old woman and I had been well acquainted 15 years ago, and she told me laughing she imagined I did not expect to see her alive at this time....

“Tell Père Courayer[245] my head is as much troubled with chimeras and giddiness as ever. I fear he is too fond of variety in life to be a friend to Matrimony. The merriest man I have seen in Yorkshire is a Frenchman, who came here for religion, and has had the needful of life added unto him; he has a little estate, and lives with the mountain nymphs, Liberty and Health, in the Dales; he amuses himself with singing to his grandchildren, mending his clothes, and making soup: his grandson eats soup with him, and his next darling, le petit chat, helps him off with the Bouillie. He can not only make a fine dish of the cabbage, but of the snails and caterpillars, and what we call the unprofitable vermin that live upon it! There was not a creature in Noah’s Ark that would not be received into his larder, for a Frenchman is seldom so proud of stomach as to term anything unclean....

“Mr. Montagu desires his compliments to your grace, and my Lord Duke; we talk of you and drink your health as often as you can expect from sober people. [127]Had I married a Tory fox-hunter he might have toasted you in a longer draught; but for temperate Whigs we do you reason.

“I am, my dear Lady Duchess’s
most grateful, and most affectionate,
“E. Montagu.”

[245] He had expressed a fear that matrimony would spoil her philosophy.

WHIG PRINCIPLES

Mr. Montagu was a Whig, but, as his wife states, a moderate one. His political conduct as Member for Huntingdon was irreproachably upright in a most venal age. What respect his wife already had for his judgment is shown in a letter from her to him in London, whither he had gone for the meeting of Parliament on October 16, enclosing her reply to Dr. Conyers Middleton’s letter, desiring him, if he did not approve of it, to burn it, and she would write another. The following passage speaks volumes for Mrs. Montagu’s humility (though she was so universally praised):—

“The letter directed to Dr. Middleton, if you approve, I would beg the favour of you to frank, and send to the post, but I should be glad if you would first take the trouble to read it, for it is with some uneasiness I correspond with the very wise. I think an understanding of a middle size has a great deal of trouble in conversation between reaching to those above it, and stooping to those below it.”

She signs—

“My Dearest, your very affectionate
and faithful wife.”

His letters to her begin generally “My Dearest Angel,” or “My Dearest Life.” His writing is most characteristic, a clear, firm hand, easily read, much information compressed into a few words, and filled with most affectionate expressions.

Elizabeth was now in an interesting condition, and as Dr. Sandys forbade her travelling for a time, she[128] and Sarah remained at Allerthorpe. The joy of Mr. Montagu was extreme at the idea of an heir, which was shared by his sister, Mrs. Medows, and all his relations. Elizabeth, though pleased at the prospect, was very souffrante, and bored by an inactive life, yet submitted to it with a good grace.

At this period her brother Robert was made captain of an East India vessel travelling to China, to his family’s satisfaction.

DR. MEAD

The Duchess of Portland writes from London and says—

“I was extremely well entertained the other day with seeing Dr. Mead’s[246] curiosities. They are much finer than Sir Hans Sloane’s. In particular he has a mummy much finer preserved. It is the custom to gild their faces, so that all the features are painted over the gold.... Of all the things, except the pictures, which are exquisitely fine, none pleases me more than a mask in bronze, which is exceeding fine workmanship, and has upon it the symbols of all the gods. The crown of vine for Bacchus, a circle of iron for Pluto, the ears of Pan, and the beard of waves for Neptune.”

[246] Dr. Richard Mead, born 1673, died 1754. Celebrated physician and antiquarian.

We gain a peep at French fashions of the day in this paragraph, in a letter of Mrs. Donnellan’s—

“Mrs. Rook, an acquaintance of mine, is just come from Paris, and is come without a hoop, and tells me, except in their high dress, nobody wears one. Their sacks are made proportionably narrow and short, opened before with a petticoat and trimmed, and with a stiff quilted petticoat under: the only reasonable thing I have heard from France a great while, and the only fashion I should wish to follow.”

THE MUFF —
THE HANOVER TROOPS

It would be impossible to include in this work all[129] the letters between Mr. Montagu and his wife, but the following shall be given in its entirety to show his style:—

“November, 1742.

“My Dearest Life,

“Yesterday as soon as it came to hand, j[247] sent yours to my sister. I have not seen her but am sure she thinks herself much obliged, as all must do who have the happiness of a correspondence with you, whose letters not only please by their wit and vivacity, but are full of sincerity and friendship, of virtue and goodness, which you set in so true and amiable a light, that if those that read them grow not wiser and better, it is none of your fault.

“I rejoice at the good account you give of your health, that you suffer less and less every day. I wish j could prevent your suffering at all. The prudent care you take obliges me in the highest degree, and j hope with the assistance of your happy and chearful disposition of mind, preserve you from any misfortune. Though j most eagerly long to see you, j would have you run no hazard, and will content myself till we break up, when j hope neither bad roads nor bad weather shall hinder me coming to you: till then j desire you to spend your time as agreeably as you can, and am glad Mrs. Yorke and Mrs. Clayton are to make you a visit.

“I waited on Mrs. Donnellan this morning, yesterday was not convenient for her, and could not do it before. I paid her the bill which j send enclos’d and a guinea more for your muffe, so that out of ye six guineas j shall owe you five shillings. She expressed herself much obliged, and desired her compliments to you, and both to you and Miss Salley.

“Your Father went out of Town last Friday. The evening before j spent with him, Dr. Audley and your three brothers,[248] who were all well. I suppose you will[130] soon have your instructions about your children[249] at Scorton. You do well in letting them take leave of those they are so much obliged to, and when they come from Burton, if they spend the rest of their time with you, there will be no harm in it, nor will it hinder them in their learning, as they are designed for another school.

“My good friend at Theakstone[250] sent me his brother’s letter, and j received another this afternoon from the Admiralty Office, which j will send you in a post or two, that you may communicate it to his relations. I shall do all j can to serve him, and after j have made inquiry about the manner of doing it, will write to his Father.

“On Thursday last a motion was made for a secret Committee, and the next day for the place Bill, both which succeeded as was expected, the first was flung out by a majority of 66, the latter by a majority of 25! The Debates were very warm, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer[251] was terribly roasted, but all to no purpose, for after what has happened, he and such as he, who have acted so perfidious a part, will be sure to go all lengths. On Monday we expect to have the consideration of the 16,000 Hanover troops[252] come before us, and to be carried through, a worse thing than any that was ever attempted in the time of Sir R(obert) W(alpole).

“I hope this will find dear Miss Salley recovered, pray present her with my best compliments, and believe me to be,

“With the most tender regard,

“My Dearest’s most obliged and
affectionate Husband,
“Edw. Montagu.”

[247] Mr. Montagu, like the Duke of Portland, for years used “j” for “I,” presumably an old custom.

[248] Matthew, Thomas, and Morris.

[249] Her three youngest brothers, John, William, and Charles.

[250] Young Mr. Edward Carter, son of Mr. Montagu’s head agent. He was petitioning for his brother, Mr. William Carter, to have a company of Marines, he being in that service through Mr. Montagu’s influence.

[251] Mr. Sandys.

[252] These men to receive British pay.

[131]

ORATORIOS

Mrs. Montagu writes to the Duchess of Portland—

“I am now in the highest content: my little brothers are to go to Westminster, as soon as the holidays are over, and what adds still to my pleasure in this, is that Jacky’s going is owing to Mr. Montagu’s intercession for him with my Father, who did not design his going to Westminster till next year: our youngest,[253] I believe, is to go out with our new Captain....

“I am pretty well, but I do not like to sit still like Puss in the corner all the winter to watch what may prove a mouse, though I am no mountain. I cannot boast of the numbers that adorn our fireside, my sister and I are the principal figures; besides there is a round table, a square screen, some books and a work basket, with a smelling bottle, when morality grows musty, or a maxim smells too strong, as sometimes they will in ancient books.

“I had a letter to-day from Mr. Montagu, in which he flatters me with the hopes of seeing him at Christmas.”

[253] Charles to accompany his brother Robert.

In a letter of Mrs. Pendarves of December 9 from Clarges Street, where she was living, she tells Mrs. Montagu, “Handel is to have six oratorios in Lent. The operas are dull, the plays for one part well acted, ten are wretched, but Garrick is excellent.”

HER HUSBAND’S CHARACTER

About this time Elizabeth writes a long letter to the Rev. William Freind, her cousin, portions of which I give. She says—

“The last and best good office you did me, I believe, will claim my thanks to the longest day of my life.... I know it will please you to hear that I have, every day since you made me a wife, had more reason to thank you for the alteration. I have the honour and happiness to be made the guest of a heart furnished with the best and [132]greatest virtues, honesty, integrity and universal benevolence, with the most engaging affection to every one who particularly belongs to him. No desire of power, but to do good, no use of it but to make happy. I cannot be so unjustly diffident as to doubt of the duration of my happiness, when I see the author of it dispensing content to all his dependants, and should he ever cease to use me with more care and generosity and affection than I deserve, I should be the first person he has ever treated in this manner. Since I married I have never heard him say an ill-natured word to any one, or have I received one matrimonial frown. His generous affection in loving all my friends, and desiring every opportunity for my conversing with them, is very obliging to me. We have often pleased ourselves with the hopes of seeing you frequently in Dover Street this winter; but alas, I am a prisoner at Allerthorpe, and the worst of prisoners confined by infirmities and ill health.

“Mr. Montagu went to Parliament ten days ago to my mortification, but with my approbation. I desired him to go, and half wished him to stay! I knew his righteous star would rule his destiny, so I helped him on with honour’s boots, and let him go without murmuring. He left me my sister, and where she is there will happiness be also.... We have not been troubled with any visitor since Mr. M. went away, and could you see how ignorant, how awkward, how absurd, and how uncouth the generality of people are in this country, you would look upon this as a piece of good fortune....

“I am very happy in one thing, that drinking is not within our walls; we have not had one person disordered by liquor since we came down, though most of the poor ladies have had more Hogs in their dining rooms than ever they had in their hog stye....

“I imagine you will have seen Dr. Middleton’s translations of the Epistle by this time; pray tell me what you think of them.”

[133]

“NIGHT THOUGHTS”

The Duchess of Portland, on December 4, writes in great annoyance at some of her letters being lost. She was much worried about the health of her mother, who suffered severely from cramp in the stomach. She desires Elizabeth to write a visible[254] letter to cheer Lady Oxford, and adds, “I rejoice you are better. I hope you have left off footing it and tumbling downstairs. Have you read ‘Night Thoughts’? If you have, I beg you will give me your opinion of it.”

[254] Often the familiar letters were enclosed to Mrs. Elstob, a learned lady and authoress, who was now governess to the Portland children. Lady Oxford was then at Bullstrode.

Dr. Young had lost his beloved wife, his step-son and step-daughter the year before. The step-daughter died of consumption, brought on by grief at her mother’s loss. Her step-father had taken her abroad for her health. She died at Montpellier, and was refused Christian burial by the bigoted French of those days. The poor doctor, assisted by his servant, dug her grave in a field, unaided by any one. Can any one wonder at the gloom pervading the poem?

Whilst the duchess is writing to Mrs. Montagu, the latter writes on December 5—

“Madam, after being sunk into stupidity by the company of a strange kind of animal called a country Beau and wit, how unfit am I for conversation of the Duchess of Portland!”

A ROUÉ OF THE PERIOD

She then proceeds to draw this curious picture of a country beau,—

“who cannot attain the perfection of a monkey, even the art of mimicry.... Had you seen the pains this animal has been taking to imitate the cringe of a beau, the smartness of a wit, till he was hideous to behold, and horrible to hear, you would have pitied him! He walks like a tortoise, and chatters like a magpye: by the [134]indulgence of a kind mother, and the advantage of a country education, he was first a clown, then he was sent to the Inns of Court, where he first fell into a red waistcoat and velvet breeches; then into vanity. This light companion led him to the play house, where he ostentiously coquetted with the orange wenches, who cured him of the bel-air of taking snuff by abridging him of his nostrils, grown even in his own eyes no very lovely figure; he thought Bacchus, no critic in faces, would prove in the end a better friend than Cupid: accordingly he fell into the company of the jovial, till want of money and want of taste led this prodigal son, if not to eat, to drink with swine. He visited the prisons, not as a comforter, but as a companion to criminals; shook hands with the gold finder, and walked in the ways of the scavenger; so singular his humility, none were his contempt. At last, having lost his money, ruined his constitution, and lost all the sense nature gave him, he returned to the country where all the youths of inferior rank, admiring his experience, and emulating his qualities, and copying his manners, grew, some fit for jail, others for transportation.... Notwithstanding all these vices and the most nauseous effect of them, all people treat him civilly!”

Mr. Montagu writes to his wife on December 9,[255] and in it he says—

“Tomorrow the affair of the Hanover troops[256] comes on, and will be carried, which is the worst that ever came before the House, of which j shall give you an account in my next letter, and send you several pamphlets well worth your reading about that, and the present state of affairs.”

Writing again from his house in Dover Street, London, on December 20, he says—

[135]

“On Tuesday we met at Westminster, where his Majesty opened the session with a most gracious speech from the throne, which j hope you have got, as you shall have the addresses of both Houses sent by this post. You will easily perceive what was aimed at by the speech, and that by the addresses both the Lords and Commons have most dutifully consented to take 16,000 Hanover troops into our pay. This was openly avowed by Lord Carteret[257] in the Upper House, and by those who made the motion in the Lower. After a debate which lasted till between 10 and 11 at night our address was carried by a majority of 109, the numbers being 150 and 259. By that stroke England is become a province to Hanover, the charge of the military part of its government already being flung upon us (for who shall tell when we shall get rid of this burthen?) or how soon we shall feel the additional part of the same? The late ministry never attempted anything like it, and it shows that the new one will stick at nothing to recommend themselves to the King, the Devil in Milton, ‘with one bound, high overleapt all bound.’... The number of those that love their country truly, always was and ever will be but small, and the Saints never yet governed the Earth, and I believe never will, but true patriotism is not the less a virtue for that, nor must its votaries leave off their endeavours or be discouraged at whatever happens.”

[255] Remember this is “Old Style” date.

[256] This was the proposal to pay Hanoverian troops with English money to assist in the war.

[257] Afterwards Lord Granville, born 1690, died 1763. Secretary of State.

It will hardly be credited that the country apothecary bled Mrs. Montagu for a headache in her delicate condition; but so he did, and as a fever was then raging, she submitted, though saying she heard “he had let the life out of the veins of eleven people,” as this disease would not stand “blooding!”

A BOLUS!

A Mr. Twycross, who was in love with Sarah Robinson, suffered from sore throat, and she accordingly herself made up a bolus for him from a recipe of[136] an old maid friend, the size of which alarmed Mrs. Montagu. Fortunately, his throat getting better, he did not use it, to Mrs. Montagu’s relief, who says—

“Had he swallowed it I should have thought there was love powder in it, for he said a thousand pretty things to her, with an air of great tenderness, and indeed had he taken the bolus I believe no man could have been nearer dying for a lady. The recipe had been given her by an ancient maiden, who having said in her sorrow all men were liars, thought the best way to cure them of the vice of telling lyes was to choak them.”

A WHITSTABLE HOY

Some details as to the conveyance of goods are given in a letter of Mr. Robinson, Senior, to Mr. Montagu on December 12, saying, “Dear Sir, I sent on Saturday by the Whitstable Hoy[258] ‘Talbot’ two brace of woodcocks and a pheasant, which I hope you have received.”

[258] A coasting vessel.

In a letter to Mr. Montagu, December 17, his wife desires him,

“pray order Griffith to send me down ‘The Complaint, or Thoughts on Time, Death and Friendship.’[259]... I have been desired by a friend to read it....

“Our boys[260] are to be put on board the York stage this day sennight, this will be their first launching into the world, I wish the bounteous Lady Fortune would take ’em in hand. Jacky is vastly pleased that you entreated his Father to send him to Westminster. They desire their best respects.”

[259] By the Rev. James Hervey, born 1714, died 1758.

[260] Her three little brothers.

THE LORD CHANCELLOR

Mr. Montagu was still detained in London, not only by his parliamentary duties, but for a Chancery suit. He writes on December 21, lamenting the long separation “from the ardent object of his desires,” but pleased to think that the doctor will soon give her permission to[137] join him in London. This passage throws light on law suits of that day—

“Our petition, as we were made to expect, was to have been heard this day, but the Lord Chancellor who has, j think, much more business than any one man can go through as he ought to do, had so many petitions that it is thought impossible it should come on sooner than tomorrow, and may not be till near the beginning of next term. Part of his Lordship’s time is this day taken up by his attendance on the King, who comes to the House of Lords to pass some money bills, in all his royal pageantry and show. Things of this nature add a great deal to the plague, expense and delay of Law, especially in the Court of Chancery. If we are not heard tomorrow in the forenoon j shall be deprived of your brother’s[261] assistance, who was so good as to come post from Canterbury on Sunday last on purpose, and must set out again for the same place at noon tomorrow.... This day the House of Commons are to be adjourned till after the hollydays, and it is talked that the Session will be at an end by the beginning of March. The opposition has been carried on with a great deal of Spirit and will be continued to be so after Xmas, as it is given out. They intend to make a new ministry wade through more mire, though they have gone through so much already. They have got themselves more enemies in the short time they have been in, than Lord Orford in his long reign, for they are ruining their country faster than ever he did, and this infamous job of the Hanoverian Troops, it’s thought was what he never would give way to. Several of our young Members have greatly distinguished themselves by their opposition, and made it appear that there is no want of the parts and capacity of those who have so perfidiously deserted them and the cause of liberty. But none has done it so eminently as Mr. Pit(t),[262] who in the opinion [138]of several, as well as me, is a greater man than ever j have sat with, and if he preserves his integrity, will be transmitted to posterity in the most illustrious of characters. He is at least equal, if not superior to Mr. Murray,[263] who has been brought into the House on purpose to contend with him, and who did the first day of his entrance by saying everything the cause would bear in so good a manner, that he gave nobody offence, which makes me believe he will not serve the ministry in the slavish, dirty manner other attorneys and solicitor generals are wont to do, but with more dignity to himself, if not with more advantage to their cause....

“I hope you will, along with this, receive Mr. Hervey’s lucubration. If Lord Shaftesbury’s ‘Characteristics’ are among my books, Wear shall bring them down....

“It is with much pleasure j acquaint you Lady Sandwich[264] was on Saturday morning at 4 o’clock safely brought to bed of a Son.”[265]

[261] Thomas Robinson.

[262] William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, born 1708, died 1778; “the great commoner.”

[263] William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, born 1705, died 1793.

[264] Wife of the 4th Earl of Sandwich, cousin of Mr. Montagu’s.

[265] John, afterwards 5th Earl of Sandwich.

In writing to the Duchess of Portland on December 28 to wish her a happy new year, Mrs. Montagu informs her she has permission from Dr. Sandys to move towards London in a fortnight’s time. She says—

“I shall move as slowly as a fat corpse in a herse. Your grace asks me if I have left off footing and tumbling down stairs; as to the first, my fidgetations are much spoiled, sometimes I have cut a thoughtless caper which has gone to the heart of an old Steward of Mr. Montagu’s, who is as honest as ‘Trusty’ in the play of Grief à la Mode. I am told he has never heard a hop that he has not echoed with a groan. I have taken such heed to my goings I have not gone down stairs more than by gradual degrees.”

The following passage from a letter of Mrs. Donnellan’s to Mrs. Montagu shows the price paid for [139]embroidery of flowers which was much used at this time on dresses. She says—

“I have spoken to Jenny Clegg about your sack. She always works according to the price, the slightest trimming down to the bottom, of natural flowers she says will be £8, and the handsomest £12, and between in proportion. I gave her 4 guineas for my apron, and she has always three and a half or four for the robings and facings of a night dress.”

A “night dress” was what we should call an evening dress now.

A COOK

In a letter to Mrs. Donnellan a light is thrown on that ever-important functionary, a cook. That individual being required, Mrs. Donnellan had mentioned a cook who had been with Lady Selina Bathurst. Mrs. Montagu writes—

“As to the Cook being an Irish woman, I think it can be no objection to me who prefer a lady[266] of that country to almost any one of our own; she being a good catholick is not much, but I think it will not be right to take her unless Lady Selina Bathurst says she is a good cook, for had she all the cardinal virtues, and could not fricasy (sic) and make good soop (sic) I should not know what to do with her. I would give £15 a year to a very good cook, but if she is not above being improved, and I could get her to go into the King’s kitchen, or to any famous Tavern to learn cookery, I would give a guinea or two for her teaching, and I heard that in the places I mention they will take in a person upon such terms. I suppose she will dress meat on fast days? I like the character of the woman provided she has had the smallpox, as I would not have any person in the house who might run me into the hazard.”

[266] Mrs. Donnellan was Irish.

The three Robinson boys were taken by young Mr. Edward Carter to York, placed in the coach to London,[140] and were met by Griffith, a valet of Mr. Montagu’s in London, Mr. Montagu taking them in in Dover Street, and despatching them with a servant to Canterbury, en route for Mount Morris.

CHANCERY SUIT

On December 28 Mrs. Montagu writes to her husband she trusts to set out for London on January 9, and hopes to accomplish the journey in ten or eleven days! The Chancery suit had been deferred till January 13. A letter of Thomas Robinson’s regretting his inability to leave the Kentish Sessions held at Maidstone contains this passage, “I have already two or three retainers for that day, and have generally the good fortune to be employed in every cause, which makes the gains of the day considerable.”... He winds up with saying he has delivered his brief of the Montagu case to Mr. Fawcet, who, he is sure, will make better use of it than he should.

And so ends the year 1742.

[141]

## CHAPTER V.

1743–4 — JOURNEY TO LONDON — LETTERS CHIEFLY FROM SANDLEFORD PRIORY, FROM BATH, AND FROM LONDON — THE DEATH OF HER CHILD.
1743

At last the longed-for day arrived for Mrs. Montagu and her sister to set out southwards. Mr. Carter, the faithful old steward, insisted on travelling with them instead of his son Edward, and the description of his excitement and anxiety shown by his expressions are very characteristic. Arrived at Doncaster on January 8, Mrs. Montagu writes to her husband and mother, stating that she could not do so before, as this was the first south post she had met.

THE FLOODS

The letter to her mother is dated—

“Doncaster, Saturday the 8,
“(January).

“Dear Madam,

“I arrived here this evening, without having suffer’d any inconvenience or fatigue in my whole progress. We were met on Thursday in Leeming Lane[267] by a Messenger from Capt. Twycross to tell us the waters were out at Burroughbridge, and that we could not pass them, so I apply’d to my guide, Mr. Carter, and a wise man is certainly never out of his element. He told me I might go to Kirby Hill and there get a warm lodging, though not an elegant one; which he thought[142] would be as well as turning back. For my part I assured him I had rather have my bed stuffed with flocks than my pillow with care and disappointment, and agreed to go on to the place he mentioned, and then send a messenger to see if the waters were fallen. The Dove returned with an olive branch, and we went on to the Waterside[268] there to prevent fear (for danger there was none), we got into a boat and navigated through Mr. Williamson’s gardens, his melancholy yews just shew’d their formal heads above the water. Himself a melancholy shade too, was almost in as bad a way, for the water was quite to his door, so he could get no amusement from the rest of the world, but what he saw from the windows. We were safely landed at the door of the Inn. The coach came through the water without getting any wet inside of it, and we all rejoiced that we had been more afraid than hurt. Mr. Carter, in his care, often bid me be of good courage; as there was not occasion for any, I could not be disgraced for want of it: from our first setting out I have not been less entertain’d than guarded by him, he has really acted the part of Sir Roger de Coverley all the way; his benevolent heart breaks into such honest and affectionate expressions, you would think he was talking to his family wherever he is; at the ‘Oak-tree’ he was, I saw, shaking hands with every creature. I stopp’d to speak to a servant of Mrs. Yorke’s who met us with her compliments, and could hear Mr. Carter praising the strong beer, thanking the Landlord, wishing many good things to a boy who was stuffing a luncheon of bread and butter, thanking Heaven for good weather, and commending the road, all in a breath. At Lord Castlecomer’s Inn he would stop for the horses to eat, he said a sort of grace to it, praying it might strengthen them to the end of their journey, then he extolled the Inn, the Landlord and his wife, not forgetting a ‘lile lass’ that stood at the gate: all the way we went in the boat he commended the boatmen more than an envious person would have done Christopher[143] Columbus, for exploring leas and lands unknown; at Borough Bridge he made the funeral Elogy of Mr. Mann, but not to wrong the living for the sake of the dead, he said the handsomest things to mine Hostess, the civilest things to her daughters, the most honourable things of her son, and the most affable things to the chambermaid, that ever I heard in my life. At Aberforth he was not less kind to every creature, nor less indulgent to every thing, and he is the same still, and I doubt not but will be Sir Roger de Coverley to the end of the journey. I am really pleased by reflection, and though I don’t see everything in his point of view, I am delighted at his happiness, like the bee he gathers honey from every flower, nay, weed, which to common taste have no perfection. I wish I could think as well of all mankind as he does; but he deserves to think better of it. Benevolence is built so much on faith, that those who think very ill of people in general, will never do them much good, for service often arises from trust, and we cannot trust those whom we dare not believe.”

[267] Leeming Lane, a stage 218 miles from London.

[268] Boroughbridge is on the river Ure.

A FAITHFUL STEWARD

The end of this letter is lost. Mr. Montagu being unable, from the Chancery cause coming on, to meet his wife, despatched a servant named Griffith, but he, falling ill at an early stage of the road, deputed another person to meet her. A most dutiful and affectionate letter occurs here to Mr. Montagu, but too long for inclusion. Mr. Carter having seen them safe to Leicester, left them there, where Sarah Robinson had an attack of illness which delayed them a day. When well enough, they proceeded by way of Harborough, Newport Pagnell, Dunstable, etc., to Dover Street, London.

Mrs. Freind and Mrs. Botham (Mrs. Sterne’s sister, Lydia), both expecting their confinements, entreated Mrs. Montagu to stand godmother to their future babes, to which she consented. Mr. Botham was then Rector[144] of Yoxall, Staffordshire, and Chaplain to Lord Aylesford,[269] whose daughter Mary, Lady Andover,[270] was Mrs. Botham’s most intimate friend and patroness. She was also a friend of Mrs. Montagu’s, to whom she constantly wrote tidings of Lydia Botham’s frequent illnesses and pecuniary troubles.

[269] Heneage, 2nd Earl of Aylesford.

[270] Wife to William, Viscount Andover, son of 11th Earl of Suffolk.

MR. ROGERS’ PEDIGREE

The Chancery suit Mr. Montagu had been engaged in was occasioned by his claiming the guardianship of his unfortunate first cousin, Mr. John Rogers, who, owning large estates at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and East and West Denton near there, besides much other property, had now been a lunatic[271] for some years. It will be seen in the pedigree that Mr. Montagu’s mother was a Sarah Rogers. This table will elucidate the relationship—

{Skip transcribed table} {See image for table}

John Rogers, of E. and W. Denton. | = ｜ ｜ | Margaret Cock, dau. of Henry Cock, Merchant, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
| ｜ |
｜ |  | ｜ |
John Rogers, of Denton Hall and Newcastle-on-Tyne, etc., Sheriff of Northumberland, 1693–94; d. 1709. | = ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | Eliz. Ellison, m. 1684, at Lanchester; d. April 16, 1733. |  | Sarah Rogers | = ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | Hon. Charles Montagu, High Sheriff of Durham,1686–1709; d. 1721.
| ｜ |  | ｜ |
｜ |  | ｜ | ｜
John Rogers, Sheriff of Northumberland, 1715–16; b. 1685, d. June 24, 1758. | = | Anne Delaval, dau. of Sir John Delaval; d. Jan. 3, 1723. |  | ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ ｜ | Edward Montagu, b. 1692, d. May 20, 1775. = Eliz. Robinson, b. 1720, d. 1800.
| ｜ |
｜ | ｜ |  | ｜ |
Crewe, b. 1694. | John, died s.p. |  | Jemima | = | Mr. Medows, afterwards Sir Sydney Medows.

[271] Evidently he was a lunatic forty years, and bed-ridden ten.

The Rev. M. W. Peters, R.A. Pinx. Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Morris Robinson

A CURIOUS LETTER

Old Mr. Rogers had bought East Denton land and collieries for £10,900 from the Erringtons in 1689, who had long had the property. In December, 1705, Mr. Rogers bought of Sir James Clavering his share of the West Denton property. The history of Denton Hall will be given further on. Young John Rogers appears[145] to have had fits as early as 1718. He married in 1713, Anne Delaval, who died in 1723 at Seaton Delaval, and he seems to have become deranged soon after her death. As long as his mother lived he was well cared for, but she died in 1733, and the last nine years he had been gradually getting worse, and a set of designing people surrounded him. I have a letter of his written to his parents, apparently on going to Oxford in 1705, which is so curious that I insert it here. It is addressed—

“To
“John Rogers, Esqr., att
“The House in Newcastle upon Tyne,
“These—”

“Dear Father,

“I hope since that I am fallen into the hands of a gentleman, who is not only a stranger to you, but to all my relations, that you will do me the favour to write to my tutor, which I am sure he can’t but take exceeding well, having never heard from any of my friends since I removed heather. I had notice by my Mother yt you had ordered me £40, and wonder that as yett I have not heard from John Nicholson, that, I fancy Mr. Atkinson’s letter has miscarried. I see Mr. Fremantel here on Sunday night who sett forward for Newcastle on Monday morning, that I fancy you will see him before you receive this. We had one man executed here on Saturday morning who was taken here just a little before our assizes by two Smiths, he had been twice put in the Gazett for a highwayman, and those fellows took him, hoped to receive the reward. The fellow knowing himself to be a great rogue, and that if he escaped here, they would have had a Habeas Corpus to remove him, sent for the man whose horse it was he had stolen, to come to challenge his horse, and was indited for it and pleaded guilty, hoping I suppose to be transported. There was a great interest made at Court for to save his [146]life, but all would not doo, but by this he has baulked the fellows yt took him of their £40.

“So with my duty to my Mother and yourself,

“I am, dear Father,
“Your dutiful Son,
“John Rogers.

“Oxon, August 18, 1705.”

MR. MONTAGU’S JOURNEY

Mr. Montagu was made guardian and manager to Mr. Rogers and his estate. Uneasy as he was at leaving his wife in her present situation, he was obliged to go to Newcastle to see into affairs. Sarah Robinson, who had gone home, was quickly summoned to return to her sister, to which her parents rather unwillingly gave their consent. Mr. Montagu writes each post, as often as he could, most affectionate letters to his wife; as he rode all the way, disliking a carriage, we see by his letters the time the journey took. March 19, he writes from Nottingham, having been four days reaching there. He says, “If j was mounted as j ought to be j could without much difficulty reach Allerthorpe on Monday night, whereas j must now be content if j get there some time on Tuesday.” He bids her divert herself with her friends and acquaintances, and to send him good accounts of her health, “as there is nothing under Heaven that is so dear to me.”

But no sooner had Mr. Montagu set out than the Duchess of Portland lost her youngest daughter Frances, just two years old, from convulsions after whooping cough. She forbade Mrs. Montagu coming to see her at first, for fear of her grief affecting her in her present condition. Mrs. Donnellan and Mrs. Pendarves were with the duchess, and did all they could to solace her grief, which was intense. After a few days, however, the two friends met, and had a sad meeting.

To return to Mr. Montagu’s travels, he got to[147] Allerthorpe, where Mr. Carter joined him, and they proceeded to Newcastle, to Mr. Rogers’ house, where

“three attorneys attended to take inventorys of the goods, schedules of the writings and bonds, and whatsoever we found in the Secretoires etc. of the unhappy gentleman, but more is owing to the dexterity and unintermitting diligence of Mr. Carter in the despatch we have made than to everything else put together. We have found Bonds amounting to near £10,000 value.”

A general oversight was arranged to be taken by Mr. Carter of the estates and tenants, many of the latter being heavily in arrears in rents. It is characteristic of Mr. Montagu’s uprightness in business that, though not obliged to do so, he rendered to Sir James Clavering, Mr. Rogers’ uncle, a complete account of his estate, of which Sir James greatly approved, and regretted these steps were not taken ten years before. A Mr. Grey was put in charge of Mr. Rogers.

DARNTON FAIR

Mr. Montagu and Mr. Carter commenced their journey home, the latter going to Darnton Fair en route. People rose early for business then. Mr. Montagu states Mr. Carter “sat up late last night and rose this morning at 3, and set out at 6 for Bedale, where he will be occupied all day.” He adds, “He is unwearied, j never knew his fellow. He has lived three times as much as any other man no older than he, and has done three times as much business and benefited many and hurt none. I wish j could say as much of those who are in a rank of life infinitely superior to him.” Truly this is a fine picture of a righteous steward.

THE BIRTH OF A SON

By May 1, when Elizabeth writes to her mother, Mr. Montagu had returned to her, she and her sister meeting him at Highgate. Mention is made in this letter of Miss Brockman having become temporarily speechless from[148] inoculation. Sarah returns to Mount Morris, and the last letter before Mrs. Montagu’s confinement tells of the purchase of a “magnifique Berceau” just in time, as on May 11 Mrs. Montagu gave birth, at their house in Dover Street, to a fine boy, to the infinite joy of Mr. Montagu and his sister, Mrs. Medows. A young farmer’s wife, a Mrs. Kennet, living near Mount Morris, had been engaged as a wet-nurse to the child.

On May 30 the Rev. William Freind, to whom Mr. Montagu had written to announce the birth of his child, writes to congratulate him, and to say Mrs. Freind had presented him with a daughter that morning. Mr. Montagu had promised to stand godfather if it was a boy,[272] but if a daughter Mrs. Montagu was to be godmother. To this letter, on June 4, Mr. Montagu replied that his wife and child are doing well, and he says—

“The latter end of next week we intend for the baptism of our infant, and if you were here should be prouder to have the ceremony performed by you than anybody else, for if j may judge from what has happened to the Father, j imagine it would be auspicious to the Son. I am sure j ought never to forget the share you had in putting me in the possession of the Mother,[273] in whom j find my every wish more than compleated. In less than a fortnight we intend going to Sandleford,[274] and after that to go on the inoculation, which j hope will have an happy event, which, if so, j cannot be too thankful to Providence.”

[272] This child was christened Elizabeth. She died young.

[273] Mr. Freind had married them.

[274] Mr. Montagu’s seat near Newbury.

He adds his desire for Mr. Freind and his family to visit them at Sandleford en route home from Bath.

INOCULATION

The reader will remember that Mrs. Montagu was[149] peculiarly afraid of smallpox, but she had determined, if once a mother, she would be inoculated, so that she should be able to attend to her child if it ever had the disease, and to prevent separation from or infection to it if she herself took the disease in the natural manner. When her dread of it is recollected, it will appear a heroic deed on her part. Her mother, Mrs. Robinson, was far from easy at the idea of the inoculation taking place in the summer heat.

Meanwhile the little boy was christened John, though he soon acquired the nickname of “Punch,” their own familiar peep-show, as the fond parents deemed him, and is only twice mentioned in the letters I have as my little “Jack.”

In a letter of June 21, from the Duchess of Portland, who was at Welbeck with Lady Oxford, she mentions—

“The Duke of Kingston[275] has been in the utmost danger, so great Doctor Hickman has refrained sleeping part of a night, not without the assistance of Barbecued Hog, Tokay, etc., etc., etc. to keep up his spirits, to enable him to go through the immense fatigue of waking a few hours with his patron.” She adds, “Thank God the children are all well. I hope your little man is so, my best wishes must ever attend the dear boy.”

[275] He died in 1773, when the title became extinct.

Mrs. Montagu went to recruit at Sandleford with Mr. Montagu, preparatory to removing the child and establishment there, as she writes to her sister Sarah, who, with Mrs. Medows, is left in Dover Street in charge of the son and heir—

BABY CLOTHES

“I really long to have you here. I think I may say you never saw anything so pretty as the view these gardens command, for my part I would not change the situation for any I ever saw; there is nothing in Nature [150]pretty that they have not. The prospect is allegro, and as ‘Mirth with thee I chose to live,’ I am glad it is of that kind, ‘the loathed melancholy of Cerberus and blackest midnight, born in Stygeian cave forlorn,’ dare not appear in this little paradise. There is a charming grove where your reveries may wander at pleasure, you may allegorize like Spenser, or pastoralize like the lesser poets, there are roses and honeysuckles hourly dropping to put you in mind ‘how small a part of time they share, that are so wondrous sweet and fair,’ and this will whisper to you ‘de coglier d’amor la rosa,’ indeed, my dear Sall, these pretty things are mere toys, as are all things in this world, but a true friend. I am thankful for the benefits of fortune, and pleased with them, but really attached only to the person who bestows them. My benefactor bestows favours with more pleasure and more complaisance too, than most people receive them with, and this gives the relish to favour, for as Ophelia says, ‘Gifts grow cheap when givers are unkind.’

“I hope the young plant thrives under your care. Pray write every post, and say all you can about the boy, for as insignificant as he seems in his swaddling cloaths, it is more interesting to his parents to hear of where he went, than to hear of all the feats of Hercules girded in his Lion’s skin.”

Then she orders a dozen bibs to be made for the babe, of “fine damask, the pattern of Lady Betty Bentinck’s pinned to my embroidered quilted petticoat.”

SANDLEFORD PRIORY

Sandleford Priory is two miles south of Newbury, Berks. It was originally founded by Geoffry, 4th Earl of La Perche, and his wife Matilda of Saxony, between the years 1193 and 1202, dedicated to St. Mary and St. John the Baptist, and placed under the Austin Canons; but Mr. Money, in his “History of Newbury,” states “the recluses of Sandleford” are mentioned in the Pipe Roll of the 26th of Henry II., 1180, so that a body of religious had existed there or near before the date of the building[151] by the Earl de la Perche.[276] In the reign of Edward IV., circ. 1480, a dispute arose between the Prior and the Bishop of Salisbury, in whose diocese Sandleford lay; in consequence of this dispute the monastery was forsaken, and the King, at the instance of the Bishop (Richard Beauchamp), gave it to the Dean and Chapter of Windsor. In the 26th of Henry VIII. it was stated to be in their possession, valued at £10.

[276] His ancestor accompanied the Conqueror to England.

In the time of James I., 1615, Sandleford was declared to be a separate parish, and unratable from Newbury, but the chapel being dismantled and unfit for use, £8 a year was ordered to be paid to the Rector of Newbury, which entitled the occupants of the Priory to a seat in the Newbury parish church, which has been continued ever since.

The lessees from the Dean and Canons of Windsor appear, from a paper of my uncle, Lord Rokeby’s, to have been, early in the eighteenth century, the Pitt Rivers of Stratfieldsaye, by whom the lease was sold in 1717 to William Cradock, Esq., after an intermediate alienation. The lease was purchased in 1730 by Mr. Edward Montagu, grandson of the 1st Earl of Sandwich. A letter of April, 1733, of Mr. John Rogers to his aunt, the Hon. Mrs. Sarah Montagu, at Sandleford, about the death of his mother, Mrs. Rogers, and her leaving her sister £10, and each of her three children a ring, is in my possession, and shows she was then living or staying with her son Edward.

The chapel is erroneously stated in several works (vide Tanner, etc., etc.) to be destroyed. It was disused, not destroyed, though the bells, seats, and the tomb of the crusading knight[277] had disappeared. As we[152] proceed further into the manuscripts we shall see it was used as a bedroom or rooms!

[277] Probably Count Thomas de la Perche, son of the founder, as his father was buried at St. Denis Nogent. Thomas died in 1217. For a description of the tomb, etc., see note at the end of this book.

The situation of the Priory is charming, the principal rooms fronting south on a slight eminence, sloping to the river Alebourne, now called Enborne, which crosses the high-road just below the lower lodge, and skirts the south side of the park. On the east the ground slopes to a wooded valley, down which are many ponds, dating from the monks’ time, some of which were joined together by Mr. Montagu, afterwards more by his widow, to form lakes. Many fine trees surround it in these days, and at the time of Mr. Montagu’s first living there, seem to have been exceedingly numerous; also walled gardens, which are now removed. Beyond the valley to the east the ground rises in a wooded ridge. The village here mentioned must have been a few cottages near the mill on the west, which existed where Sandleford Lodge is now built: these have all long ago disappeared.

SANDLEFORD PRIORY.

A PARSON AND HIS WIFE

To the duchess Mrs. Montagu wrote in raptures of the beauties of Sandleford, but in the middle of her description states, “Here was I interrupted by a Parson, his wife and daughter, and I shall not be reconciled to ‘Prunello and grogram’ again a great while, they robbed me of those hours I could have dedicated to your grace.” Prunello was the woollen stuff then used for clerical gowns, grogram a coarse kind of taffety, a mixture of silk and mohair, applicable to feminine attire.

Mrs. Botham writes on July 8, that as Mrs. Montagu was unable, when her baby was born, to be applied to, she had given him his father’s name, John. Lydia Botham had two, if not three, daughters, but this was her first son.

[153]

THE COUNTESS OF GRANVILLE

From Sandleford Mrs. Montagu returned to London, intending to be inoculated, but in a letter of July 12 she informs the duchess that Dr. Mead considered she had better defer the operation till the heat of the summer was over—in September. In the same letter she states that Mrs. Medows and herself had called on the old Countess of Granville,[278] who appears to have been a most garrulous old lady, and Mrs. Montagu says—

“She fell with all her violence on my complexion, and behold, she certainly by her description takes my forehead to be tortoishell, my cheeks to be gold, my eyes to be onyx, and my teeth amber: all these are precious things, but Mr. Montagu not having so rich a fancy as King Midas, I know not whether he would like such a wife. Your Grace may believe I was extremely mortified. The good woman says Mrs. Medows looks better and younger for being married; but for me I am pale and green, and describes me as worse than the apothecary that lives about the rendezvous of death in Caius Marius. She is of opinion that lying in has spoiled my face; true it is I have furnished a noble pair of chops to the little boy, and if mine are a little the lanker for it, I scarce grudge it....”

[278] Grace, Viscountess Carteret, and Countess Granville in her own right.

Further on she says, “Thank you for your kind inquiry after the young ‘Fidget,’ who loves laughing and dancing, and is worthy of the Mother he sprang from. As for Mrs. Donnellan, she is well. Mrs. Delany is better than well.”

Mrs. Pendarves had been married on June 9 this same year to the Rev. Dr. Patrick Delany,[279] afterwards Dean of Down, and an intimate friend of Swift’s.

[279] Dr. Delany, born 1686, died 1768; made Dean 1744.

MONKEY ISLAND

The Montagus, accompanied by Sarah Robinson, now moved with the child to Sandleford. A letter to the Duchess of Portland of July 26 says—

[154]

“Sandleford, near Newbury.

“Madam,

“If I was as good a poet as Boileau[280] I would complain of l’Embarras de Londres, and also of l’Embarras de la Campagne, and of the still greater embarras of travelling from one place to another. When I had the happiness of your letter, I was so encompassed with boxes, trunks and portmanteaus, and even that lesser plague of band-boxes, that I could not give myself the pleasure of writing to your Grace. Bag and baggage we arrived here on Thursday night: first marched the child crying, nurse singing, and the Abigails talking; Mr. Montagu, my sister and myself brought up the rear. We had fine weather and a pleasant journey. We took a boat from the Inn of Maidenhead Bridge, and rowed round his Grace of Marlborough’s Island.[281] I had the pleasure of reflecting on the agreeable morning I had spent there with you.”

[280] Nicholas Despreaux Boileau, born 1636, died 1711. French poet of note.

[281] Monkey Island. See ante.

Further in the letter she states the duke[282] had planted some cannon on the borders.

“Mrs. Medows has promised to take the child while I am sick,[283] and I am best satisfied that it will be with her, for I am sure she will take care of it, and thank God! it is a very strong healthy child; indeed were he otherwise I should not leave him, for I think when they are sickly, no one can be tender enough for them but a parent.”

[282] Then the 3rd Duke of Marlborough.

[283] Meaning when she was to be inoculated.

She says—

“Dr. Courayer dined with us the day before we left town: he was more elated with having a letter from you, than he had been dejected with the overthrow of the French;[284] he looks well, and his mind is the seat [155]of tranquillity. Donnellan promises to come down here soon. I hope she will stay till I go to London to be inoculated.”

[284] Alluding to the battle of Dettingen, fought in June, 1743.

WOMAN’S EDUCATION

In alluding to a lady who had “excellent sense and wit, but a want of softness in her manners,” she adds—

“This is of great consequence to a woman to keep off disagreeable manners, for the world does not mind our intrinsic worth so much as the fashion of us, and will not easily forgive our not pleasing. The men suffer for their levity in this case, for in a woman’s education little but outward accomplishment is regarded. Some of our sex have an affectation of goodness, others a contempt of it from their education; but the many good women there are in the world are merely so from nature, and I think it is much to the credit and honour of untaught human nature that women are so valuable for their merit and sense. Sure the men are very imprudent to endeavour to make fools of those to whom they so much trust their honour and happiness and fortune, but it is in the nature of mankind to hazard their peace to secure power, and they know fools make the best slaves.”

A letter early in August to the duchess, who had now returned to Bullstrode from Welbeck after visiting Matlock, says—

“I was in hopes to have heard when you would come to town. I wish you may come up to us soon after the 24th (August) of this month, which is the time I propose for going to London for inoculation. I think there is no danger of hot weather after the middle of September. Dr. Mead says it is the best time for me....

“Matlock must be well worth seeing, we have nothing here of the wild and uncultivated sort. I intend to go and indulge Reveries at an old Castle[285] where Chaucer made his fairies gambol, with as much grace and prettiness as [156]the Muses of old on the hill of Parnassus. The Castle is on a rising just above Newbury, and commands a pretty view of the country. The prospect is of sufficient extent to let the poetick fancy soar at pleasure among the beauties of Nature. Pray where is ‘Pen,’[286] will she produce a sprig of bays? it must be a little Master Apollo or a Miss Minerva from parents of such art and science. I have sent your Grace a copy of a letter Lord Orford[287] sent to General Churchill,[288] if ever he was to be envy’d it was when he wrote that letter: it seems to come from a mind pleased with everything about it, and easy in itself, amidst the refinement of luxury and expense, without the madness of intemperance, or inconveniences of prodigality.”

[285] Donnington Castle.

[286] Mrs. Delany’s old pet-name.

[287] Alias the great Sir Robert Walpole.

[288] General Charles Churchill, commonly called “old Charles Churchill,” to distinguish him from his son, who afterwards married Mr. Edward Walpole’s daughter; he was the illegitimate son of James II. and Arabella Churchill.

LORD ORFORD’S LETTER

The end of this letter is missing. Lord Orford’s letter, written in an unknown hand, is thus:—

“Houghton, June 24, 1743.

“Dear Charles,

“(Lord Orford’s letter to General Churchill.)

“This place affords no news, no subject of entertainment for fine men. Men of Wit and Pleasure about Town understand not the charms of the inanimate world: my Flatterers here are Mutes: the Oaks, the Brookes, the Chestnuts seem to contend which shall best please the Lord of the Mannour; they cannot deceive, they will not Lye. I in sincerity admire them and have as many Beauties about me as fill up all my hours of dangling, and no disgrace attends me from 67 years of age. Within doors we come a little nearer to real Life, and admire upon the almost speaking canvass all the airs and graces which the proudest of[157] Town ladies can boast, with these I am satisfied, because they gratifie me with all I wish, and all I want, and expect nothing in return, which I cannot give. If these, Dear Charles, are any Temptation, I heartily invite you to come and partake of them. Shifting the scene sometimes has its recommendation, and from Country Fare you may possibly return with a keener appetite to the more delicate Entertainments of a refined life.

“I am, dear Charles, etc.,
“Orford.

“P.S.—Since I wrote the above we have been surprised with good news from abroad. Too much cannot be said about it, for it is truly matter of infinite Joy, as it is of Infinite Consequence.”

Lord Orford is here alluding to the battle of Dettingen.

THE DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH

The duchess, in a letter of August 26 from Bullstrode, says, “Thanks for Sir Robert’s letter, I had never seen it.” In alluding to the tiresome etiquette and interference she suffered from at Welbeck under Lady Oxford’s despotic rule, she says—

“I please myself that my children will love me better, as my covetousness will not be obliged ’em to pay me court, and as I shall have no suspicion of their duty, but be convinced that their motives proceed from disinterested love, and by that means we shall each of us be happy. Was the Duchess of Marlborough[289] possessed by one good quality? I should think she deserved pity more than the poorest creature in the street, not to have one child, but what wishes her dead, nor capable of knowing the enjoyments of friendship.... We propose being in London Monday sennight.”

[289] Sarah, the celebrated Duchess of Marlborough.

On Thursday, August 25, Mrs. Montagu took a sad leave of her little boy, and started on her journey [158]to London, sleeping at Windsor, at the house of her sister-in-law, Mrs. Medows. Mr. Montagu remained with the child till the time his wife should be inoculated, when he was to join her in London, and Mrs. Medows was to take charge of him. Sarah joined her sister in London; it will be remembered she had had the disorder.

PREPARATION FOR INOCULATION

As inoculation is now out of date, I shall extract from the various letters the mode of procedure. Arrived in Dover Street, Mrs. Montagu is told by Elias, the duchess’s porter (then a most important domestic magnate), his mistress was coming to London on Monday. She therefore writes to beg the duchess, the duke, and Mr. Achard to dine with her that day “at 4 or 5 according to their convenience.” Business, however, prevented the duchess leaving Bullstrode for a week, but she is reinvited, as Dr. Mead says Mrs. Montagu will not be infectious till the disease appears. Meanwhile, in preparation for the dreaded operation, she was “dosed, then blooded, another dose or two of physick is all I shall want, and then proceed to meet that distemper I have been running from these four and twenty years: it is at present my misfortune the smallpox is so little stirring they cannot find a subject.” She writes to the duchess also in another letter, “Though Dr. Mead, Dr. Cotes, Mr. Hawkins, and the subaltern of the Physical faculty, the Apothecary, have been smallpox-hunting this week, they have not procured a subject for me.” She urges the duchess to dine, “as I shall be as well till 7 or 9 days after the operation as ever I was in my life.”

The duchess had been out of order with hysterical fits, and states she was ordered to drive in a chaise. Of this vehicle we gain a glimpse from this allusion of Mrs. Montagu’s in answer to the duchess, “A chaise is health, spirits and speed, a lady must lay aside her [159]hoop, her laziness and pride, before she is diminutive enough for a chaise.” A portion of a very beautiful letter, written by Mrs. Montagu to her husband before he joins her, I copy—

“Dover Street, Tuesday, August 30.

“My Dearest,

“The happiest moments I have spent since I parted from you, were those I employed in reading your letter: accept the sincerest thanks a grateful and tender heart can make to the most kind and generous love. While Heaven shall lend me life, I will dedicate it to your service, and I hope our tender engagements shall not be broke by the cruel hand of fate. Notwithstanding the distemper I am going into, I have great hopes of my life, and a certainty of my love to you as long as that life shall last. Your kind behaviour and conversation has made my Being of such value to me that I am taking the best means to preserve and secure it from hazards, but let not the experiment cost you an anxious thought. It would be a reproach to the laws of Nature, if one as virtuous as you are, should not be sure to be happy. I trust you shall ever be so independent of a weak woman, who can serve you in nothing but wishes: could I reflect back the happiness I receive from you, I should tremble at my own importance to think of sinking from happiness to insensibility, and nothing might overcome my little courage, but to imagine I left you a portion of sorrow and regret as a burthen on all your years to come, would not only afflict but even distract me.”

THE REV. CHRISTOPHER DONNELLAN

The same day that she wrote this letter to her husband, she writes a note to Mrs. Donnellan, who had joined her brother, the Rev. Christopher Donnellan, at Tunbridge Wells. He, having been ordered to drink the waters, and having crossed from Ireland for that purpose, Mrs. Montagu says, “Does not your brother think he is in Babel? How does he like English [160]women with French dresses and French manners? In short, what does grave good sense think of Tunbridge?”

By Mr. Montagu’s desire, Dr. Sandys was added to the previous M.D.’s. A day or two after this Mr. Montagu joined her, and she was inoculated on September 3.

WHEATEARS —
ARMY DISCIPLINE

On September 7 Mrs. Montagu writes to Mrs. Donnellan—

“My very dear Friend,

“As the time that passes between the expectation of a matter of importance and its happening is not a time of the greatest pleasure and tranquillity, you will be glad to hear it is four days since I was inoculated. I am still well and in perfect good spirits: it would be a sign of levity as I should be sorry and ashamed to find in myself to be disturbed at the approach of a distemper I have been seeking. The Duchess of Portland spent the day with me on Monday, and was here again with Lady Wallingford yesterday, and I expect her Grace this afternoon. In the meantime I hope to hear from you, and my sister will give you intelligence of me. Dr. Mead and Dr. Cotes attend me; I have given them on their prescribing two guineas apiece, but I am told when Dr. Mead attends constantly, one guinea a day will be enough, if he comes only once a day, but I wish you would be so kind as to enquire and let me know when you write to me; and I will beg you to order your maid to buy 2 Dozen Wheatears[290] and send them by the Haye Coach. Mr. Montagu never saw any, so if you please to tell your servant to send them with the feathers on.

“I am extremely glad to hear Mr. Donnellan finds benefit by the waters. Your family in Town flourishes much,[291] Mr. Percival is a young beau, Mrs. Percival has grown almost a toast, and for Mrs. Shuttleworth,[292] she[161] is a perfect beauty, she has a bloom like fifteen; I never saw anyone look so fresh and jolly.

“The town is full of reports of the discontent of the Army, it is almost feared the English and H(anoverian)s should fall upon each other. A gun going off while the Captain was at dinner, he bade General Honeywood go and see what was the matter; the General brought word it was nothing, upon which the great Captain sent a H(anoveria)n officer, who brought word it was the musket of a soldier upon guard; the Captain then cry’d he could have no truth from the E(nglis)h and that the E(nglis)h had no discipline: the D(uk)e of M(arlboroug)h said they had as much discipline as the H(anoverian)s, for that coming by their quarters, a ball went under his horse’s legs.

“Mr. Hawkins[293] comes every day to dress my arms, though the wounds given for the inoculation are very trifling, he does not think from the appearance of them I shall be ill yet. I shall be glad when the proper period for it arrives, but must wait with patience; it is said people do not know themselves, but by the little anxiety I have about myself, one would imagine I knew myself to be of as small consequence as I really am.... My dear little Babe is perfectly well....”

[290] Wheatears are delicious eating. They are migratory, and only frequent certain counties. They appear to have been more plentiful formerly. Sussex and Surrey are favourite localities.

[291] These are Mrs. Donnellan’s stepfather and her mother.

[292] Mrs. Shuttleworth was evidently a relation.

[293] The surgeon.

DENTON HALL.

PHYSICIANS’ FEES

To this I subjoin a portion of Mrs. Donnellan’s answer from Tunbridge Wells—

“I received your comfortable letter, writ with the spirit of a Christian, a Philosopher and a woman of true fortitude. Since you don’t expect any appearance yet, I may venture to write, or if you should not be quite well, my letter is of no consequence, and may be thrown by. I will allow all your reasoning for yourself to be very good, and will not dispute with you now, whether you are of consequence to the world or not, I will only beg you to act as if you were, and take care of yourself for the sake of the few, and let the world come in for its [162]share of you by an by. I am of opinion one guinea a day is sufficient from a private gentle woman to any Physician in England, if he makes but one visit. I know all our family, and greater than us never gave more either to Hollins or Willmot; indeed if they prescribe twice they must be paid twice, but that I hope and believe will not be your case. I am not acquainted with anyone who makes use of Dr. Mead, but I suppose he is fee’d like other Physicians of note, and I think raising these sort of things on one another when they are already high enough by conscience is wrong....

“Our company quits us apace, but as there is not one body but Lady Sunderland[294] and Miss Sutton and Lady Catherine Hanmer that I care particularly for, and they stay, I am quite easy about the matter. I generally take a rural walk with my maid and man, and I am just returned from the Rocks, whose natural beauties strike me more agreeably than the laboured work of a palace. My brother rides every day, but walking does not agree with him.... No one here cares for a walk that carries them further than Tod’s Room or Chenevix’s Shop.[295] In the evening I conform with the world, and play at Whisk, Roli Poli, or what they will, and make them wonder that a person who has a guinea in their pockets and can perform at such entertainments, should prefer wandering in fields and woods with company little better than the creatures that inhabit them.”

[294] Née Judith Tichborne, third wife of Charles, Earl of Sunderland; remarried Right Hon. Sir Robert Sutton.

[295] A famous fancy-shop.

On September 12 Mrs. Montagu writes to the duchess, who had returned to Bullstrode, to say Mr. Hawkins did not believe, from the appearance of her arms, she would have the smallpox. Dr. Mead and Dr. Cotes had attended the day before, expecting to find inflammation, but the wounds appeared healed. From this it appears the surgeon attended the wounds daily, and doctors[163] occasionally. The very next day (September 13) Mr. Hawkins pronounced there was no longer a chance of the smallpox.

Mrs. Montagu writes to the duchess, “As Anacreon who swallowed many a hogshead of the juice of the grape was at last killed with a little grape stone, I who have missed the dire disease, am grumbling with the toothache.”

POPE’S GROTTO

The duchess writes to Mrs. Montagu to beg her to think that though the smallpox has not appeared, she is as much secured as if it had. On September 15, as a wind-up to the inoculation, Mrs. Montagu “was blooded.”

“On Saturday we went to see Mr. Pope’s[296] garden and grotto, to Hampton Court and Bushey Park,” she writes to the duchess; and on Wednesday she was intending to pay a visit to her parents at Mount Morris, Kent, before returning to her child, for whom, she says, “her heart sickens.” On October 8 she proceeded to Sandleford, leaving Mr. Montagu, who had business, to follow in a few days; and she writes to the duchess from the inn at Maidenhead Bridge. In this letter she says she has great difficulty in “squeezing the cotton in the ink bottle which I am forced to do before each word, and as my pen is as prodigal of ink, as the bottle is sparing of it, after I have been half an hour replenishing my pen, one inconsiderate blot squanders it away.” This alludes to the strange habit of having cotton placed in the inn inkstand, under the delusion that it made it last longer. The whole writing of the letter is thick and blotted. She also mentions, “My sister set out for Bath this morning, with Mrs. Cotes. Poor madam Sally’s stomach is greatly out of order, and her nerves are often affected, but I hope the waters will do her good.”

[296] Pope’s villa and grotto at Twickenham.

[164]

A HIGHWAYMAN

Mrs. Cotes was the doctor’s wife, and a sister of Lord Irwin, a great friend of Sally’s, very small in stature and pretty, familiarly called “the little Madam.” The two ladies, accompanied by Mrs. Cotes’ footman, set out for Bath, diverging from Newbury for a night at Sandleford to see “Punch.” A passage from a letter of Sarah’s will show the perils of the road. They travelled in a post-chaise—

“A man set out with us from London, and kept us company about seven miles. He often asked the footman who we were, and whether we were going over Hounslow Heath; to the last he made no answer, but after being tired with his curiosity told him we were only ladies’ maids, upon which he forsook us, either being too proud to accompany abigails, or supposing we had not money enough to make it worth his while to go on to Hounslow Heath with us. We had one post-boy that pleased us extremely, he sung all the way, our pleasure did not arise from any music in his voice, but from seeing him so happy, and admiring the power of a contented spirit, that could make a person so joyful, that was at the caprice of any one, without any greater advantage than a shilling’s reward, and who is always to be jolted almost to death, by the only creatures that are beneath him.”

Almost shaken to pieces, they arrived at their lodgings at Mrs. Elliot’s, in the Orange Grove, Bath. Sarah describes the rooms as small, but comfortable, “looking down Wade’s Passage and into the coffee-house, which is a guard to the windows, and very often prevents their approach.” She grumbles at the expense of their journey, but says provisions are cheap, fowls one shilling each.

Jenny, her maid, had travelled by coach, a post-chaise of that time only holding two people. Here is a passage worthy of Fielding, “Jenny travelled down unspotted [165]and pure with the old parson, who gave her no comfort, but one spiritual kiss upon getting to the end of their journey.”

DANGERS OF A POST-CHAISE

Both Mrs. Cotes and Sarah suffered from the hardness of the post-chaise, and Sarah also hints that other visible effects had been incurred which would last for days; hence fleas, if not worse, must have existed in it! Mrs. Montagu, in writing to condole with them, says, “It is a daring mind that ventures in a post-chaise. I wonder the partizans of these vehicles do not establish a broad bottom, and a competent share of cushion.” The vehicle was, from what I make out, a two-wheeled chaise. Mrs. Cotes’ footman had been directed to call, on his way back to London, on Mrs. Montagu. The style of speech of a servant of this period is shown in this passage—

“Mrs. Cotes’ man called very civilly, and brought me your last letter. ‘Pray, Mr. Thomas,’ says I, ‘did you leave the ladies well?’ ‘Yes, and very merry, Madam.’ ‘They had a good journey, I hope?’ ‘Yes, a very merry, Madam.’ ‘They were not at all afraid?’ ‘No, nothing but very merry, Madam.’ ‘Were they not tired when they came to their inns?’ ‘No, always very merry, Madam!’ At last Thomas’s account made me ‘so merry, Madam,’ I was forced to retire to laugh.

“Your nephew gets his share of sunshine every day, his teeth tease him and produce the dew of sorrow on his little cheeks sometimes, but in a moment it is forgotten, and he is always lively, and in continual health: he is thought to grow like his mother, so I think I may cease to be handsome with a good grace, as I have transferred it to my offspring.... Your nephew is in his birthday suit, laughing so I can hear him through the doors; the usurpation and authority of those bandages called garments he is too full of Whig principles to approve of!”

[166]

“PUNCH’S” CHARIOT

There were no babies’ carriages in those days, so little Punch drove out daily in the chariot, not to be confounded with the coach, a much larger vehicle.

In the same letter it appears that the good old Yorkshire steward, Mr. Carter, had had a bad fall, and the house in Dover Street not being large enough, Morris Robinson was trying to secure them one in Bruton Street. Mrs. Montagu, having suffered from weakness and hysterical fits, was recommended to ride daily—a pastime which was agreeably varied by the cutting of new walks through the Sandleford woods, and the continual amusement afforded to her and Mr. Montagu by the contemplation of their child’s too precocious ways.

A few details of life at Bath may prove amusing. Sarah writes to her sister that the waters agree very well with her, but that people are amazed at her walking between each glass. She had found a companion in Mrs. Wadman, Lord Windsor’s sister, whom she had met at the pump-room, as they drank the waters about the same time, and both were fond of walking.

The Rev. W. Freind and his wife were at Bath, and Sarah goes to hear him preach a charity sermon,

“the best I ever heard. I am going to dress to the best of my skill and power for the sake of his Majesty, this is kept as his birthday, and there is to be a ball and supper to-night, the men have subscribed on purpose. Mr. Simon Adolphus Sloper[297] is to be my partner, and has sent me his tickets, which will carry in Mrs. Freind also. Mrs. Cotes’ cold is too bad to go.... The Archbishop[298] is much censured for going away so soon, he has not tried the waters long enough to know whether they would be of any use to such an extream case as [167]his.... Mrs. Potter would let her husband see nobody but herself, and took his duty of preaching upon herself; she tempered it with a comfortable compliance, and when he used to say ‘I am sure I shall dye, I wish it might be at home,’ ‘To be sure, my dear,’ answers the good wife, ‘it is proper you should dye where you like, if you chuse it you shall go and dye at Lambeth.’ ...”

[297] Mr. Sloper lived at West Woodhay, near Newbury.

[298] John Potter, born 1674, died 1747. Archbishop of Canterbury.

A BATH BALL

At one of the balls Sarah did not dance, but she said she did not regret it, “having no inclination to dance with any man but Mr. Pitt,[299] and that I have not acquaintance enough with him to expect, I can only cherish my hopes of future good fortune.” At another ball she dances with Mr. Vanburgh, “a very pretty sort of man, but our affections to him are quite Platonic, as he is in love with the youngest Miss Nash.” This must have been the sister or daughter of Mr. Richard Nash[300] (“Beau Nash”), the despotic Master of the Ceremonies at Bath. He was not well at this time, and Mrs. Montagu sends her kind regards and condolences on his health. Amongst other people mentioned at Bath by Sarah were the Duke of Hamilton, Lord Berkeley, Mr. Powlett, and Mr. Bathurst, son of Lady Selina, the two Offleys, Mr. Greville, and Lord Robert Carr, said to be very handsome.

“Last night in the middle of the dancing we drank tea with a gentleman who had invited about twenty of us some days before. They give tea now almost as much of common days as they used to do on Sundays.”

[299] Afterwards Earl of Chatham.

[300] Richard Nash, for fifty years Master of the Ceremonies, Bath.

Sarah says she is going to play shuttlecock with a Mr. Amiens,[301] at the end of this letter; and in the next she states—

[168]

“I played at Shuttlecock about half an hour, there were five couple of us: in truth I played so much better than any in the room, I put them all in amazement, but it was rather owing to their bad play, and to my being matched with the two men that played the best, than my superior skill.... In my last I mentioned I was going to the ball: there was a table of sweetmeats, jellies, wine, Biskets, cold Ham and Turkey set behind two Screens, which at 9 o’clock were taken away, and the table discovered.... Above stairs there was a hot supper for all that would take the trouble to go up.”

[301] I think this was Mr. Amyand?

“MATHEMATICAL INSTERATION!”

The ignorance of some ladies of this period is shown by Sarah in the following extract:—

“A lady told us last night that Miss Molyneux is so great a Mathematician that she can inster Greek, and that often a dozen of the most learned men of the Kingdom had puzzled their wise heads about a piece of Greek, and could make nothing of it; they proposed to send it to Miss Molyneux, and she instered it (alias construed it), and returned them her insteration!”

Whilst Sarah was at Bath, Mrs. Montagu wrote frequently to her mother at Mount Morris, much, naturally enough, about her child, about whom the fond grandmother was never tired of hearing. A little sentence gives a clue to his looks, “If my Father has drawn a blue-eyed simpering Cherubim, you may fancy him not unlike your grandchild; the child’s eyelashes are black and long, and he has a laughing look in his eyes, blue, like my Father.” He was still toothless, and suffered much with his gums, which made his mother already uneasy. Mr. Montagu had just taken some prodigious sized carp from a fish-pond at Sandleford, and was throwing three of the old monks’ ponds, or fish stews, into one large one.

Mrs. Donnellan writes from Bullstrode on October 21,[169] and says her brother is now going to Bath, where he will stay with their relations the Mountraths,[302] and that Sarah Robinson, “if she meets him she must make the advances, all the young ladies do, as he is a grave, stiff Parson.” Dr. Young and Lady Peterborough[303] were at Bullstrode when she wrote.

[302] 6th Earl of Mountrath and his wife.

[303] Née Anastasia Robinson.

MIDGHAM

In a letter to the duchess of October 25, Mrs. Montagu describes the gardens at Midgham, the seat of Mr. Poyntz,[304] near Aldermaston,

“to which Mr. Montagu carried me last week, I had no small expectations of them, both from report and the known sense and genius of the owner.... Over the door of a little grotto he declares for retirement in open fields, caves and dens, with living waters and woods. Statues of the Muses adorn his walls, their Arts adorn his mind and inspire him with the elegant ingenious gratitude that gives this public demonstration of honour to them. Every venerable oak has a seat under it from whence he takes the sacred oracles of meditation.... The gardens are of uneven ground, prettily diversified with hills and valleys. There is a fine bason before the house, that is always well supplied with water, and inhabited by fish.... I did not see Mr. Poyntz’s house, as it is not anything extraordinary, it would have been an impertinent curiosity to desire it, as they visit here when in the country.”

[304] Right Hon. Stephen Poyntz, Lord Treasurer.

Mrs. Donnellan writes for the duchess as well as herself in reply, Lady Oxford being there, and all the usual writing-hours given up to playing Pope Joan with her. In this letter, alluding to “Punch” watching with pleasure the colour of his bed-curtains, she says, “Master Wesley,[305] who is the most extraordinary child[170] for sense I ever knew, at three months old, used to be put in a good humour with a suit of tawdry Tapestry hangings.”

[305] This was Garrett Wesley, afterwards Earl of Mornington. He was Mrs. Donnellan’s godson, born 1735, died 1781.

The Duke of Portland had the misfortune to break his arm at the end of November, just as the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Delany had arrived for their first visit since their marriage on June 9.

A FOOTPAD

In writing to condole with the duchess, a typical story of a footpad is given by Mrs. Montagu. The duchess had just set up keeping bees at Bullstrode, and Mrs. Montagu intended to do the same, but laments she cannot

“have anything of a menagerie[306] here, there is no trusting anything out of doors. The town of Newbury is a melancholy example of the decay of trade, there is misery and poverty and lawless necessity in an unhappy abundance. We have robbing upon the commons here very frequently: a poor labourer who has been digging in our garden last week was very oddly preserved from a wound by a Buckler made of Cheese, like Sardella in ‘The Rehearsal.’ The poor man had five shillings in his pocket, when he was stopped by a footpad. He did not care to surrender his wealth, and so resisted; another robber came to his comrade’s assistance, and stuck a knife several inches deep into some cheese and bread he had over his bosom, in a wallet betwixt his coat and waistcoat. We had a highwayman taken by a French dancing master a little while ago. When the dancing master carried him before the Justice of Peace, the Justice asked what day of the month he was robbed? ‘Ah,’ says the dancing master, ‘me can no tell dat,’ but turns to the highwayman, ‘but you do know, I pray tell Monsieur, for you must know what day you did rob, and I pray you now be so civil as tell de gentleman,’ which, as the highwayman denied the fact of the robbery, was as [171]good a blunder as one could desire. The highwayman has since cut his throat, but is likely to recover, only to try the hempen collar.”

[306] Menagerie was the name given to a collection of birds, from rare fowl to pheasants, etc.

Mr. Montagu had started that morning (December 1) for the meeting of Parliament, Mrs. Montagu accompanying him “halfway to Reading.”

THE MINISTRY

A letter of December 3 of Mr. Montagu’s shows the state of politics in the House—

“I have been making what enquiry j could about the state of public affairs, and can learn nothing that is agreeable to one who loves Great Britain, and is more concerned for his country than the fatal E(lecto)r of H(anove)r. For though the ministry have been at variance about some of the treaties mentioned in the Speech and in the Privy Council, they came to Division, where Lord Carteret and his friends were only four, and the opposers, j, amongst whom were Mr. Pelham and Lord Chancellor and others, still matters have since been so far made up amongst them that it is said they all agreed (by the mediation of Lord Orford) in the speech and address, which is reckoned to be Lord Carteret’s, and after a division in our House, the address was carried by a considerable majority, the yeas being 278 against 149 noes. Mr. Pitt exerted himself against the address with his usual eloquence and with great acrimony against a Minister whom j need not name, after j shall tell you that in his invective he said what he meant was not against the Ministry, but against one who was a Minister, and had renounced Great Britain, who had eat of a certain tree that the Poet tells us makes People forget everything, even their country, but he hoped the people would never taste of the fruit of the same tree, nor after his example forget their country.... Mr. Pelham is to be Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sandys Pay Master of the Army. The Duke of Marlborough[307] has resigned.”

[307] He resigned his commission in disgust.

[172]

POPE’S “DUNCIAD”

A letter of December 4 of Mrs. Montagu to the duchess makes the following comments on the new edition of Pope’s “Dunciad,”[308] to which he had just added a fourth book:—

“We got Mr. Pope’s new Dunciad printed, but I think it differs little from the old one: the new Hero[309] is certainly worthy to have the precedency over all foolish Poets. I like the last Dunciad for exposing more sorts of follies than the first did, which was merely upon bad poets and bad criticks. I am always glad when I see those fops who have translated their manners and language into French foppery well ridiculed for the absurd metamorphosis, to ridicule wrong placed pride is of great service, for if it was not done this land would be over-run with conceit, for here people are proud of their vices and follies and iniquity, and as long as Pride arises from such Stocks, we shall never want an increase of it. Milton says, ‘Nought profits more than self-esteem right placed,’ and surely it is true of that pride that makes us disdain vice, but that which makes people glory in it is as pernicious. The British vice of gluttony is openly professed so much, one can hardly dine at a fashionable table where eating is not the discourse the whole time, and treated of as an affair of the utmost consequence.”

[308] A satire by Alexander Pope.

[309] Colley Cibber.

MRS. POCOCK

In a letter of December 8, after congratulating the duchess on the duke’s recovery from his broken arm, Mrs. Montagu adds this description of the learned Mrs. Pocock;[310] it is interesting, in contrast with that of the lady who insters Greek!—

“I have been petrifying my brain over a most solid and ponderous performance of a woman in this neighbourhood; having always a love to see Phœbus in [173]petticoats, I borrowed a book written by an ancient gentlewoman skilled in Latin, dipped in Greek and absorbed in Hebrew, besides a modern gift of tongues. By this learned person’s instruction was Dr. Pococke[311] (her son) skilled in antique lore while other people are learning to spell monosyllables, but Hebrew being the mother tongue, you know it is no wonder he learnt it. His gingerbread was marked with Greek characters, and his bread and butter instead of glass windows was printed with Arabick, he had a mummy for his jointed baby, and a little pyramid for his playhouse. Mrs. Pocock lives in a village[312] very near us, but has not visited here, so I have not had an opportunity to observe her conversation, but really I believe she is a good woman, though but an indifferent Author. She amuses herself in the country so as to be cheerful and sociable at three score, is always employed either reading, working or walking, and I don’t hear she is pedantic.... She always carries a Greek or Hebrew Bible to Church.... I desire your Grace to make ten thousand apologies for me to Mrs. Delany if it is true I have robbed her of a good name, but I hope you only said this to put me in terrors. I desire my best compliments to her, Dr. Delany, to whom I wish very well, though I have offered the shadow of a great injury in seeming to deprive them of each other.”

[310] Daughter of the Rev. Isaac Milles, Rector of Highclere, a very learned man.

[311] Rev. Dr. Richard Pococke, eminent Orientalist, Bishop of Meath, born 1704, died 1765. Dr. Pococke added the “e” to his name.

[312] Newtown.

This was caused by Mrs. Montagu, in a fit of absence, having addressed a congratulatory letter to Mrs. Delany as Mrs. Pendarves, her former name, which caused much mirth in the Bullstrode circle.

Mr. Montagu writes on December 8—

“We had yesterday a motion of consequence in the House, which was to have an humble address presented to his Majesty to forthwith dismiss the Hanoverians in[174] the British pay, which occasioned a fine debate, and was carried in the negative by a majority of 50, the numbers being 181 against 131. The same is to come on tomorrow before the House of Lords, and Lord Sandwich is to begin, which j doubt not he will do in the best manner.”

Dr. Freind, who, with his wife, was invited to spend Christmas at Sandleford, playfully bids Mrs. Montagu to write him a sermon to preach before the King, as he will have to do in a few weeks.

The year ends with Sarah and Morris Robinson and the Freinds staying at Sandleford.

1744

The first letter of interest in 1744 is one from Mr. Montagu to his wife, written February 23, from London, whither he had returned for the meeting of Parliament.

SUGAR TAX

After alluding to parliamentary debates and elections, and to the failure of the new tax proposed upon sugar, “which was carried in the negative by a majority of 8 only, to the great joy of those concerned in the Sugar Colonies, and the duty is to be raised on the surplusage of the tax which was given upon spirituous liquors[313] last year,” he says—

“The danger of the Pretender, if we may believe our wise and vigilant ministers, is not yet blown over. It is said that a few days ago several French men of war were seen off Rye and that the Pretender’s Eldest Son has been seen walking about publickly at Calais, and is styled Charles the 3rd, his Father having relinquished his rights in his favour; but people seem to be little affected with any apprehensions of danger, and what the designs of the French were, a little time will discover; whatever they shall prove to have been j am heartily sorry for the alarm, and whatever ground or [175]no ground there has been for the rumour of an invasion, j am afraid it will be made use of as a pretence for a further plundering of us, and invasion of our pockets, for j cannot forget what j have heard before j sat in the House, that a member (I think his name was Hungerford) should say the Pretender was the best wooden leg a ministry ever had to beg with, and perhaps the present may have as much inclination to make use of it as ever any of their worthy predecessors had.”

[313] Tax on spirits, passed 1742–3.

THE PRETENDER —
SIR JOHN NORRIS

On February 25 Mr. Montagu writes—

“Since my last the King has sent another message to the House with some intelligencies concerning the invasion and the French King’s[314] answer to Mr. Thompson,[315] our agent in Paris in relation to the removal of the Pretender’s Son out of France, in pursuance of treaties which in substance is as follows, viz.:—‘That engagements entered into by treaties are not binding any further than those treaties are religiously observed by the contracting parties on all sides. That when the King of England shall have caused satisfaction to be given on the repeated complaints that have been made to him of the infractions of these very treaties of which he now demands the performance, which violations were committed by his orders, his Most Christian Majesty will then explain himself upon the demands now made by Mr. Thompson in the name of his Majesty.’ Besides this there was a long affidavit of a Master of the packet boat read, letting us know that he saw a young man who was called the Chevalier, and said to be the Pretender’s Eldest Son, with another young man, his brother, that there was arrived there Count Saxe,[316] who was to bring over here in transports, 1500 men, together with several particulars too long to be inserted here.... The House addressed his Majesty to augment his forces[176] both by sea and land as much as be necessary, and that they would defray the expense.

“An express arrived yesterday that Sir John Norris[317] with his squadron was in sight of the French fleet, that he stood off Romney, and they were at Dengeness, that he weighed anchor and would endeavour to come up with them, and bring them to an engagement if possible. It was this morning reported he had demolished them, but this wants confirmation, as well as the news of Admiral Matthew’s[318] having beat the Toulon fleet,[319] with which there has been an engagement.”

[314] Louis XV.

[315] The English Resident.

[316] Maurice, Comte de Saxe, born 1696, died 1750. Field-Marshal of France.

[317] Admiral Sir John Norris, died 1749.

[318] Admiral Thomas Matthews, born 1681, died 1751.

[319] On February 9.

Mrs. Montagu and her sister now joined Mr. Montagu in Dover Street, leaving little “Punch” at Sandleford with regret. On the way their coachman, who had met them at Hounslow with their own chaise, ran a race with a coach and four, and overturned them, but they were none the worse; in fact, being upset in a carriage in those days seems to have been little thought of!

A letter of March 4 of Mrs. Robinson from Mount Morris says—

“Sir John Norris is returned into the Downs, and all our fears are over. I heard that the people of Romney and Lydd had their most valuable goods packed up and put in carts ready to drive away, if they saw any occasion: for my part I was very composed, never thinking there would be any occasion to put myself in a stickle.... I am so good a subject to his Majesty that I can’t conceive any people would be so foolish to assist France with setting up a Popish Pretender.”

A letter from the duchess states that she has been reading Lord Bolingbroke’s “Dissertations upon Partys,” and desires Mrs. Montagu’s opinion on them.[177] She laughs at the idea of the invasion, and says, “Cecil, the Pretender’s agent, is taken up, and likewise Carle, and some say Lord Weims,[320] others his second son Charles.”

[320] James, 5th Earl of Wemyss.

SIR SEPTIMUS ROBINSON

In a letter to Mr. Freind, Mrs. Montagu mentions meeting at a drum of Mrs. Mainwaring’s “My cousin Septimus Robinson, dressed as gay as a lover, but whether that was the footing he was upon, I do not know.”

Septimus Robinson was a brother of Mrs. Freind, and, as his name denotes, was the seventh child of William Robinson of Rokeby. He was born in 1710, was educated at Oxford, then entered the army, and served in the ’45, under General Wade. He left the army in 1754; became Governor to the Dukes of Gloucester and Cumberland, brothers of George III., and eventually was made Usher of the Black Rod. He died unmarried in 1765.

In the same letter she states—

“Lestock and Matthews are now examined before the Parliament as to their conduct in the Mediterranean. It is said by some who have read it Thompson’s[321] new play is equal to [322]Otway’s Orphan and Rowe’s[323] Fair Penitent.”

[321] James Thomson, born 1700, died 1748. Poet; author of “The Seasons.”

[322] Thomas Otway, born 1651, died 1685.

[323] Nicholas Rowe, born 1673, died 1718. Poet Laureate.

She adds—

“In the morning all throng to the Senate House, and at night to the playhouse;[324] those who bewail the poverty of the nation in the morning, part with gold for two hours’ entertainment at the Oratorio at night. Those who talk [178]of taxation, did they but see how full of powder, and how empty of thought the heads of the Hydra appear to be, they would fear nothing from so spruce a set of Senators. I think the town was never so gay or so fond of amusements.”

[324] Garrick was acting “King Lear” then.

On March 31, 1744, the Duke of Portland wrote to announce the birth of his second son, Lord Edward,[325] saying—

[325] Lord Edward Charles Bentinck, died 1819.

“I should be wanting in regard to the long friendship which has existed between you and my wife, were I not to give you the earliest notice of your friend: she was safely brought to bed of a boy this morning, at three quarters after 3. She and the child are as well as can be expected.”

“HIDE” PARK

The Montagus now returned to Sandleford to visit their child, leaving Sarah in Dover Street to await her father’s arrival from Kent to fetch her. A passage in the following letter throws a light on the vehicles in use at this period:—

“Passing through Hide Park,[326] we saw capering horses with creatures on their backs more whimsical than themselves.... Between London and Kensington were many pert folk in single Horse Chairs, who seemed proud of the government of the humblest machine, saving a wheelbarrow, that ever the art of man contrived: one of these chaises had like to have suffered by contending with his Grace’s coach and six. Towards Uxbridge we met a leathern vehicle called a flying coach, a most intolerable counterfeit, for in fact it merely crawls. We passed two or three travelling waggons laden with many a ton of Humanity, the savour of which would have made the delicate nostril a misanthrope.... Our dear little fellow is all alive and merry, and more grown in length than breadth.”

[326] Sic. Query, was it originally Hide Park?

[179]

A DOMESTIC COMEDIAN!

Dr. Freind, now made a Prebendary of Westminster, in addition to his living at Witney, in this year sent a present of Witney blankets to Mrs. Montagu and a Witney rug to Sarah Robinson. On April 8 Mrs. Montagu writes to thank him, and says—

“Your kind present is significant of the warmth of a friend. I think there is great analogy between friendship and a blanket. We have been here (Sandleford) almost a fortnight, much diverted with the humours of ‘Punch,’ who grows a merry fellow. I like my little comedian so well, I shall be sorry to change him for the great comedians; my little actor has no artifice but hide and seek, nor plays any tricks but innocent Bopeep.

“I hope now Lord Carteret is going to take a young, handsome Lady[327] his politicks will take a milder tone....

“Have you seen Dr. Gregory and his bride? When I saw the Doctor at Mrs. Knight’s, I did not apprehend he designed to be our dear cousin.”

[327] His second wife, Lady Sophie Fermor, daughter of 1st Earl Pomfret; married April 14, 1744.

This is the first mention of Dr. John Gregory, afterwards such an intimate friend of the Montagus. He was the son of Dr. James Gregory, an eminent physician, by his second marriage with Anne Chalmers, and grandson of James Gregory, who invented the Gregorian telescope. His bride, who, judging from the above, must have been a cousin of the Robinsons, was Elizabeth,[328] daughter of William, 13th Baron Forbes, by his wife Dorothy Dale. Lady Forbes lost £20,000 in the South Sea bubble. Dr. John Gregory[329] became a distinguished physician, and an author of note. Frequent mention of him will be made later on.

[328] She had beauty, wit, and a large fortune.

[329] A daughter of his married A. Allison, and was mother of the historian.

[180]In the same letter Mrs. Montagu urges Dr. Freind to write and congratulate the duchess on her second son’s birth. The Freinds had just commenced a friendship with the Portlands.

GOWNS

Mrs. Robinson asks her daughter, who had now returned to London, to buy her a lutestring gown, “but as I have a tabby of a dark brown, I would have my lutestring pretty light.” This gown, from a further letter, appears to have cost 6s. 9d. a yard, and Mrs. Montagu suggests she should buy a French trimming of Mademoiselle for the same, “a slight pretty thing for a guinea.” A capucin Mrs. Robinson had ordered; she says, “I like my capucin much better than that which was shorter, and it is quite good enough for the use one makes of them.” Probably a hood with a deep cape, as in a previous letter the garment is described as “always ugly, but useful.”

Mrs. Robinson says, “I suppose you have had your promised visit from Mrs. Middleton.[330] I believe the doctor would give something to be in the state of widowhood once again; she is queer and ill-tempered, and he heartily tired with it.”

[330] Mrs. Conyers Middleton No. 2.

Mrs. Botham, Mrs. Laurence Sterne’s sister, had been in London, and Mrs. Montagu had written to her mother—

“Mrs. Botham is really quite well behaved, she has not anything of the Hoyden now. I believe she is one of the best wives and best Mothers, and an admirable housewife. I bought a very handsome quarter lace cap for my godson, and presented her with it. Mr. Botham wants to be a King’s Chaplain, and I have offered her my interest with her Grace of Portland, who by means of Bishop Egerton and others could easily get it for him.”

[181]

To this her mother[331] replies—

[331] Mrs. Botham was Mrs. Robinson’s niece.

“I am much pleased with the character you give of Mrs. Botham, I always thought her one of good understanding and good temper, and as to her giddiness, I hope it is partly wore off. I should have been pleased to have seen her at Horton, if her time had admitted. She always had a chearful, agreeable disposition. I much fear his being chaplain to his Majesty, if he should succeed, will be no advantage to him, for as I take it, must occasion London journeys, and without good interest he may be no nearer preferment.... I believe his income is but small, and his family increases very fast. I wish they have not a spirit of generosity much superior to it, they keep a good deal of company, and of the expensive kind.”

At a party at the Duchess of Portland’s the bride, Lady Carteret, is thus described by Mrs. Montagu—

“She came in a sack and a night-cap for which she made an apology, and said she had a cold. I suppose she designs to carry her dignity high enough by this, particularity of dress. She is handsome enough, has a good air, a genteel, easy address without any mauvaise honte.”

FANS

In a letter of Sarah’s, May 10, thanking her sister for a fan, she reminds her she was then at “Mrs. May in Tooke’s Court, in Cursitor Alley, Chancery Lane.” She also mentions buying a tabby gown, 7s. 3d. a yard, at Wells and Hartley, at the “Naked Boy and Woolpack,” in Ludgate Street. Mrs. Montagu replying, says—

“I am glad you like the fan; there are some worn at present that exceed the flails of a mill. Cotes has one that makes an eclipse of her little person whensoever she pleases to flirt it. I have been buying finery for your [182]nephew, a famous pink satin coat, and two flowered lawn frocks, extremely fine.”

A PINK SATIN COAT

“Punch,” being now turned a year old, was to be weaned, and many were the anxieties and qualms of his mother on that occasion. Her mother wrote wise advice to her on the subject, with her experience of a large family. After this she adds—

“He must be most delightful now he runs and prattles, he will look a little angel in his finery....

“I find you are still a house hunting: as to the house you mention in Grosvenor Square, I think the fault of it cannot be in the goodness of the house or situation, for, as I take it, they are all calculated for large fortunes.

“It gave me great joy to hear my Robert got safe to Bengall. I hope by the end of the summer, we shall have him safe here, and poor ‘Pigg’ with him.”

“Poor Pigg” was a pet-name for Charles Robinson, who suffered from weak eyes, and had accompanied his brother on this voyage for health’s sake.

The weaning of “Punch” was successfully carried out, and we learn from the letters from Mrs. Montagu to her husband, who was still detained in London, that he was fed on “milk porridge, bread and rusks, and drinks milk and water all day.”

A letter of Mr. Montagu’s of June 7 mentions meeting the Duke and Duchess of Portland coming from church at the Banqueting Hall, White Hall, and accompanying them home. Mr. Carter, the faithful steward, and his son Willy, who had just returned from the war wounded, were in town.

“Yesterday I waited on the Duke of Montagu[332] about [183]our young Hero (Wm. Carter), who will get made a lieutenant, which does not give us the same satisfaction as a Captain’s commission would do, but the Duke said they would not do it for him. I am to consult with his agent, Mr. Guerin, about it.”

[332] John, 2nd Duke of Montagu, born 1705, died 1749; married Mary, fourth daughter of Duke of Marlborough.

The regiment was probably the 2nd Horse, which the duke then commanded. The duke was a relation of Mr. Montagu’s, both being descended from a common ancestor.

A WET-NURSE

Writing to Sarah Robinson, Elizabeth says—

“Your nephew continues his manlike behaviour, and scorns to weep over a trifle, he is quite well, and has been dancing in his shirt on a blanket spread on the ground, he dances after a droll manner, for not being very firm on his legs he reels about when he gets out of his common pace, and he flourishes his hands and legs, and is just a little merry drunken Bacchus.”

Mrs. Kennet, the wet-nurse, was about returning to her farmer husband in Kent—

“Mrs. Kennet will soon be restored to her husband. We are to make up her salary to £50. I have given her a good deal of cloaths too, the brown silk night gown, a brown camblet, two short cotton gowns, and I have dyed my purple Tabby blue, and added two yards of new to it, which will make her fine.”

APRONS

The first mention is made in this letter of Mrs. Dettemere, of whom more anon. This poor woman appears to have been in a good position of life, and well known to the Robinsons, but unhappy circumstances had placed her in great distress. Mrs. Montagu says—

“I have collected 3 guineas for her, and put her on a scheme of working blonde caps. I sold one for her for 7s. 6d. that cost her only 18d.... I am to lend her £5 to lay out in ribbons, and get her customers, and she [184]is to work muslin aprons which I will find the materials for, and when she sells them I am to be repaid.... I wish you would devise a pattern of sprigs for an apron for Mrs. Dettemere to work, I dare not let her have the same as Mrs. Medows’[333] apron, but I think to get one of monkeys and squirrels.”

[333] Mr. Montagu’s sister.

Writing to Mrs. Donnellan on June 7, Mrs. Montagu says—

“The country is now extremely delightful, all nature is in bloom, every being joyous and happy, it seems to me impossible that any citizen of so fair a world should harbour any gloomy care in their breast. It is a vain pretence we make to delicacy and taste, while we prefer a dirty town to the country in the fine Season: all the arts of luxury cannot invent any pleasures equal to what one receives from soft air, moderate sunshine, a gay scene of prospect and the musick of the feather’d songsters. Sir William Temple[334] says his three wishes were, ‘health, peace and fair weather.’ I have often thought that saying not the least wise of many of his admired sentences.”

[334] Sir William Temple, born 1628, died 1699, at Moor Park, Surrey. Patron of Swift and his “Stella.”

Mr. Carter, the faithful north-country agent, was now at Sandleford, and on June 15 Mrs. Montagu writes to her sister, who was staying at Chilston in Kent with the Thomas Bests. Mr. Best had married Caroline, alias “Cally,” Scott, of Scott’s Hall, the intimate friend of both sisters. A most happy marriage it appears to have been—

“Your nephew is really a droll fellow. Mr. Carter is half bewitched with him, at the first salutation ‘Old Trusty’[335] had tears of joy, he cries out ‘Bonnie Bairn, ye are a fine one, weel worth it, weel worth it, I warrant[185] hee’s think of me when I be dead and gone, I’se make all t’improvements I can for him. Thank God he’s have a bonnie estate when all comes in; God send him to live to an ould man: oh my lady he’s brave company. God’s blessing light on him,’ thus he ran on for an hour. The child grew immediately fond of him, cries after him, and will beat away even the nurse, if she takes him away from Mr. Carter.”

[335] A nickname of Mr. Carter’s.

ORANGE TREES

The Duchess of Portland had promised to give a dozen orange trees from Bullstrode to Mrs. Montagu, which she was most anxious to have. These trees were to be sent to the Red Lyon at Slough, where the Newbury carrier was to take them up. They arrived, after the following vicissitudes, safely:—

“The poor waggoner who was to have brought them was unhappily killed some days ago by a loaded waggon falling on him; his servant foolishly left the orange trees because he said he had no room for them, and at 9 o’clock at night they brought us word the orange trees were left at Slough. We immediately sent servants with a cart who travelled almost all night, and brought the trees safe, the next day. They have not received the least damage, they are blooming, full of fragrance,” says Mrs. Montagu in her letter of thanks. She also asks for Mr. Achard to instruct her as to their culture, “whether they should be nailed to the wall, without pruning their heads, and thirdly what size the tubs should be for those that are to be kept in that manner.”

Mr. Achard’s instructions were sent, but alas! are lost.

Mr. Montagu being obliged to go to the North to attend to business of his own, and as trustee to Mr. Rogers, Mrs. Montagu had determined on accompanying him and taking “Punch” and her sister Sarah with them. It was with some difficulty she obtained leave of her parents for her sister’s company, as they[186] considered she had been so much away from them. Sarah was desired not to come in the stage-coach from Horton, but by a post-chaise or chariot at Mrs. Montagu’s expense, and

“ask Matt to lend you his footman to ride by the chaise. You know it will only cost you 3d. a mile more.

“Your nephew has just had his pink sattin coat tryed on, and he was so fond of it, he scolded and fought every one who approached him, lest they should deprive him of his new cloaths. He has just learnt to make a bow with a good grace, and he is very lavish of it.”

ADMIRAL ANSON

Mrs. Donnellan writes from Hampstead, where she has taken lodgings for her health, on July 4, and she describes Admiral Anson’s[336] booty being taken to the bank thus—

“I went yesterday morning to London, I found all my folks gone to see the show of Anson’s wealth carried to the Bank, so I went to my Lord Egmont’s[337] and saw two and thirty dirty waggons pass by, guarded by a number of tanned sailors, but we had the pleasure of knowing or thinking those dirty waggons contained what makes all the pursuits of this world....

“The Duke and Duchess of Portland staid a day longer than they designed to see this Show. The King and all the royal family were spectators. The Tars were very happy and dressed themselves in the Spanyards’ fine cloaths.”

[336] Admiral Lord Anson, born 1697, died 1762.

[337] 1st Earl Egmont, a relation of Mrs. Donnellan’s stepfather.

Commodore Anson had been absent from England three years and nine months. He had intercepted a Spanish treasure ship, Neustra Signora de Cabodonga, loaded with treasure, etc., to the value of £313,100 sterling![338]

[338] Altogether he obtained £500,000.

[187]

Mrs. Donnellan continues—

“I have not yet heard from Mrs. Delany from Ireland. They were stopped at Chester by the Dean’s having a return of ague, so you see though a fine preferment may cure, it cannot preserve from future evils. The yacht was ready and they hoped to sail the next morning.”

CLOTHES

Lord Carteret had just made Dr. Delany, Dean of Down. Sarah Robinson was to stay in Dover Street a few days to prepare for her northern journey before joining the Montagus at Sandleford, and Mrs. Montagu gives her many commissions—

“Mr. Montagu desires you would be so kind as to buy him a purple tabby for a wastecoat, and a handsome gold lace to trim it; he has got a pretty Coventry stuff coat making up here, and would have a purple tabby wastecoat to wear with it; please to consult Morris[339] both as to the quantity of silk and lace necessary, and also what kind of buttons would be proper.... Get pink sattin enough for a pair of shoes for your nephew, for he wants a pair of shoes for his silk coat: get me coarse canvass for the two little armchairs in the dining room in Dover Street, and buy me shades in purple worsted to do them in Irish stitch in squares, there must be some white Thrum for a stitch in each square. I should be glad if you would buy me a pink French paste cross and earrings, the best you can get at Chenevix.”[340]

After ordering some table linen to be brought,

“six table cloaths, three dozen napkins, two pair of sheets, 4 pair of Pillibers,[341] my gold lutestring gown, and my white sack with the flowers, and a gold handkerchief, my new hoop please pack up. Pack up paper of [188]all sorts and sizes enough for all our use, and also wax, you will find a stationer’s shop in my cabinet of which I sent you the key. Bring a stick of wax for your nephew.”

[339] Her brother, Morris Robinson.

[340] Mrs. Chenevix’s celebrated fancy-shop.

[341] Evidently means pillow-cases.

In a letter to Dr. Freind, Mrs. Montagu says—

“‘Punch’ is a fine fellow, he is greatly improved since you last saw him, he is now an admirable tumbler, I lay him down on a blanket on the ground every morning before he is dressed, and at night when he is stripped, and there he rolls and tumbles about to his great delight.”

Alas! the mother’s joy was turned to grief, for in a few days after, Punch cut his first tooth with great difficulty and severe illness.

They set out on their journey to the North on July 31, when they started viâ Oxford, stopping at the Blue Boar there.

MR. JAMES MONTAGU —
CAMBRIDGE AND STOWE

The following letter to the Duchess of Portland was written from Newbold Verdon, Mr. James Montagu’s seat in Leicestershire. He was the elder half-brother of Mr. Montagu by Mr. Charles Montagu’s first wife, Elizabeth Forster, daughter of Sir James William Forster, of Bamborough Castle, Northumberland. Newbold Verdon had been left to Mr. James Montagu by his uncle by marriage, Nathaniel, Baron Crewe of Stene, who married Dorothy Forster.

“Newbold Verdon, August 9, 1744.

“Madam,

“I did not set out on my journey so soon as we proposed; the letter we sent to my brother Montagu having made the tour of England before it reached him, so we waited for an answer. The 31st of July we set out for Oxford, where we spent an agreeable day in seeing new objects and old friends. The good people[189] from Witney[342] were so kind as to come over to see us, and show us what was best worthy our attention. The University, I think, is finer than Cambridge, but does not excel so much as I had imagined. Alma Mater, however, presides in great dignity there. I had hoped to have seen Mr. Potts,[343] but was informed he was at Bullstrode, or I should have sent to have begged the favour of seeing him.

“The mighty Shaw[344] had left the classic ground to take care of his glebe in the country. The first of August we went to Stowe,[345] which is beyond description, it gives the best idea of Paradise that can be; even Milton’s images and descriptions fall short of it, and indeed a Paradise it must be to every mind in a state of innocence. Without the soul’s sunshine every object is dark, but a contented mind must feel the most ‘sober certainty of waking bliss.’ The buildings[346] are indeed in themselves disagreeably crowded, but being dedicated to Patriots, Heroes, Lawgivers and Poets, men of ingenuity and invention, they receive a dignity from the persons to whom they are consecrated. Others that are sacred to imaginary powers, raise pleasing enthusiasm in the mind. What different ideas arise in a walk in Kensington Gardens, or the Mall, where almost every face wears impertinence, the greater part of them unknown, and those whom we are acquainted with, only discover to us that they are idle, foolish, vain and proud. At Stowe you walk amidst Heroes and Deities, powers and persons whom we have been taught to honour, who have embellished the world with arts, or instructed it in Science, defended their country and improved it. The Temples that pleased me most for the design to which they [190]were consecrated, were those to ‘Ancient Virtue,’[347] to ‘Friendship,’[348] and to ‘Liberty.’

“On Saturday last we arrived at my brother Montagu’s, who has made this place one of the most charming and pleasant I ever saw: the gardens are delightful, the park very beautiful, the house neat and agreeable, and everything about it in an elegant taste. My brother has made great improvements. It was a very bad place when Lord Crewe left it to him, and had no ornament but fine wood; now there is water in great beauty, grand avenues from every point, fine young plantations, and in short, everything that can please the eye. But nothing gives me so much pleasure as the obliging and friendly reception of the Master, who has entertained us in a kind and elegant and magnificent manner. The regularity and order of the family, and the happiness that appears in the countenance of every friend and servant, gives one pleasure to observe it....

“I am, Madam,
“Your Grace’s most obedient,
Humble servant,
“E. Montagu.”

[342] The Rev. Dr. Freind and wife.

[343] Frequent mention is made of Potts in the letter, but no clue as to who he was.

[344] Dr. Thomas Shaw, divine and antiquary, also conchologist, born 1692, died 1751.

[345] Stowe in Buckinghamshire, the magnificent seat of Viscount Cobham.

[346] Alluding to numerous temples and monuments in the gardens.

[347] In this are the statues of Greek sages, by Scheemackers.

[348] Erected by Lord Cobham for busts of his political friends.

NEWBOLD VERDON

After leaving Newbold Verdon, the Montagus went over Thoresby, the seat of the Duke of Kingston.[349] In a letter to Mrs. Freind from Allerthorpe, where the Montagus had arrived on August 16, Thoresby is thus described—

“A fine place enough, but does not deserve what is said of it; the cascade is not pretty, it is regular and formal. The lake from which it is supplied is fine. The verdure of the park is not good, nor are there fine trees. Our last stage was to York, where we saw [191]the Assembly Room[350] built by Lord Burlington, it is prodigiously grand and beautiful.”

[349] The 2nd Duke of Kingston, called by Sir Horace Walpole “a very weak man, of the greatest beauty, and finest person in England.”

[350] Designed by Richard, 3rd Earl of Burlington, celebrated as an amateur architect. He built Burlington House.

“PUNCH’S” DEATH

In a letter to the Duchess of Portland of August 19, Mrs. Montagu said her boy had borne the journey well, and was “quite well.” She intended to leave him in Mrs. Carter’s care whilst she accompanied Mr. Montagu to Newcastle, where the air was not healthy, and roads very bad. Alas! a few days after, poor little “Punch,” in cutting another tooth, was taken with convulsion fits and died. The exact date I am unaware of. Lodge, in his “Peerage of Irish Peers,” states he died on August 17, and was buried at Burneston.[351] The date of the day is wrong, as will be perceived by her letter to the duchess. My grandfather simply states he died of convulsion fits, occasioned by teething, no date; but as Mrs. Freind wrote to condole with Mrs. Montagu on September 3, it must have happened soon after her letter to the duchess. As no parents, from their letters, could have adored an infant more than the Montagus, it may be judged what a blow this was to them. Many sweet passages about this child have I suppressed from want of space. He seems to have been of a too precocious nature in mind and body. He was so large he wore shoes big enough for a child of four. He ran alone and talked, and mimicked people’s manners and ways, and was only one year and three months old! “Our little cherub,” “our sweet angel,” as his father constantly writes of him. The noble way in which both his parents supported their anguish will be seen by future extracts from letters. Dr. Freind’s fine letter of condolence to Mrs. Montagu is indorsed at the[192] back, “Letter from Dr. Freind on the unhappy loss of my son,” and is much worn with constant reading. He had lost two children, and was then threatened with the loss of his father,[352] whom he adored. The poor Montagus, much as they desired children, never had any more. I sometimes think that this poignant and irrevocable loss turned Elizabeth Montagu’s thoughts more strongly to literature and knowledge of all kind. She sought to occupy her mind as a solace for grief, but she never forgot her loss, and every now and then the bitterness of it is shown in passages in her letters.

[351] His body was moved to Winchester Cathedral eventually, and is buried with his father and mother there, by her will in October, 1800.

[352] The Rev. Dr. Robert Freind, died August 9, 1751.

THE LOSS OF AN ONLY CHILD

The Duchess of Portland writes on September 7, 1744—

“My dearest and most amiable of Friends,

“Could I have thought I should have given you a moment’s relief or abated the anguish of your affliction, I should before now have written to you, but I found myself too much affected to be able to say anything to lessen it. Thank God, my dear Friend, your Health is good, my dependence is upon your good understanding and submission to the Divine Will, for no one can have a higher idea of the Deity than I know you have. Everything is in His disposal, our blessings, and our afflictions, and He never chastises us above what we are able to bear. This affliction would have been still more grievous had you been out of the way.[353] You might have thought some neglect had been the cause, which now you are convinced was not in the power of Human Means. There is no misfortune but what God Almighty discovers His mercy in some means or other, even in our most bitter calamities. But why should I tell you this, that know and think so much better than I can do? It is a great comfort to me that you are well, and I hope you will endeavour to keep[193] so. Miss Robinson has been most excessively kind in giving me such frequent accounts of you, for which I shall ever esteem her, and be her most humble, grateful servant.... What would I give to be with you, my dear Friend, that you might pour out your whole heart, and utter all your grief, but it is never in my power to be of any service to those I love. Adieu, God bless and preserve you from any future ill, but that He may heap many blessings on you is the ardent wish of one that entirely loves you with the utmost fidelity and will ever be yours.”

[353] This shows Mrs. Montagu was not away at the time of her child’s death.

Thomas Hudson Pinx. Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Margaret Cavendish Harley
second Duchess of Portland.

SUBMISSION TO GOD’S WILL

To this letter Mrs. Montagu replied—

“Allerthorpe, September 16, 1744.

“I am much obliged to my dear Friend for her tender concern for me; I would have wrote to you before, but I could not command my thoughts so as to write what might be understood. I am well enough as to health of Body, but God knows the sickness of the soul is far worse. However, as so many good friends interest themselves for me, I am glad I am not ill. I know it is my duty to be resigned and to submit; many far more deserving than I am have been as unfortunate. I hope time will bring me comfort. I will assist it with my best endeavours; it is in affliction like mine that reason ought to exert itself else one should fall beneath the stroke. I apply myself to reading as much as I can, and I find it does me service. Poor Mr. Montagu shows me an example of patience and fortitude, and endeavours to comfort me, though undoubtedly he feels as much sorrow as I can do, for he loved his child as much as ever parent could do. My sister has been of great service to me; and on this, as on all other occasions, a most tender friend. I am much obliged to you for wishing yourself with so unhappy a companion: your conversation would be a cordial to my spirits, but I should be afraid of being otherwise to yours. Adieu, think of me as seldom as you can, and when you do, remember I am patient, [194]and hope that the same Providence that snatched this sweetest blessing from me, may give me others, if not I will endeavour to be content, if I may not be happy. Heaven preserve you and your dear precious Babes; thank God you are far removed from my misfortune, and can hardly fear to be bereft of all.[354]

“I am, ever your Grace’s most affectionate
“E. M.”

[354] The duchess then had five children alive.

A BROTHER’S SYMPATHY

Lady Andover wrote from Charlton, Wilts, “by Highworth Bag,” to condole with her friend. In this letter she mentions that her friend, Lydia Botham (Mrs. Laurence Sterne’s sister), had nearly died at the birth of a daughter (Catherine), but was better. Matthew Robinson wrote and implored his sister to accompany her husband to Newcastle. He says, “Books and thought are the food of melancholy, and lovely places, however beautiful, the dwellings of it, but a town entirely strange to you, and new company, would bid fairest to dissipate your thoughts.” He signs himself “Matthew Robinson Morris,” having adopted the latter, the maiden name of his mother, as her heir to the Mount Morris and Monk’s Horton estates. Mrs. Donnellan, writing from Bullstrode on September 24, mentions, “I have brought down a screen to work in snail for the Duchess, and for my retired hours, Carte’s[355] History to read, for Sir Paul Davis, who is a chief actor, was my great-grandfather.”

[355] The Rev. Thomas Carte, born 1686, died 1754. Chaplain to Bishop Atterbury.

No further letters do I possess till October 23, when Mrs. Montagu writes to the duchess and states Mr. Montagu had started riding to London on particular business. He hated wheels, and always preferred riding. Mrs. Montagu and Sarah had been prevailed on to visit Mrs. Yorke at Richmond in his absence.

[195]

The great Duchess of Marlborough’s death, which had just occurred on October 18, is commented on thus—

“How are the mighty fallen! Oh vanity of Human things! the Duchess of Marlborough is now not worth a groat, nor does pride glow any longer in old Granville’s heart. The old Countess[356] had reckoned with pleasure the riches Mrs. Spencer[357] was to possess, and no doubt pleased herself with the hopes of seeing it, little imagining Clotho had twisted their line of life together.”

[356] The Countess of Granville, died October 27, 1744.

[357] Hon. John Spencer was grandson of the Duchess of Marlborough, married to the daughter of the Countess of Granville.

A RAREE SHOW

Whilst staying with Mrs. Yorke, Mrs. Montagu writes to the duchess—

“Your Grace may not think we have any publick diversions at Richmond. I must assure you we went to a fine Raree Show.[358] An orrery made up some part of it, and gave a dignity to the whole. However it was an emblem of life, the first scene was all gay figures and dogs and Ducks and Horses and Coaches, and every object was new and striking: then came Mademoiselle Catherina with all the airs of a celebrated toast, turned her head about with a measured grace, smiled, curtseyed, and flirted her fan: when everyone had enough of that, we went to study the world. We observed its motion, saw the revolution of a few years, and while we rather admired than understood its movements, were almost weary and yet loath to retire, there was presented the figure of Time mowing us all down, and so we made our Exit.”

[358] A show enclosed in a box.

Mrs. Montagu and Sarah set out on their journey to London, and a letter to the duchess from Northampton, November 17, shows the state of the roads then—

“I am here in a whole skin, thanks to the care of our coachman, and the stuffing of our coach seats, but never [196]was poor mortal so jumbled, jolted and dragged through such roads. I never saw such roads in my life as between Harborough and this place. We were obliged to come a nameless pace that is slower than a walk. Mr. Montagu is to meet us to-morrow, he expected our being at Newport to-night, but we did not get to Northampton till after three o’clock in the afternoon, though we got into the coach at seven in the morning.”

In a letter of November 23 the duchess says, “I have read a sermon of Swift’s upon the Trinity, which I like extremely, and wish you would read it, and give me your opinion of it.”

DISEASE IN CATTLE

At Bullstrode at this time were Lady Wallingford and Miss Granville. On the same day Mrs. Robinson writes from Mount Morris and congratulates her daughters on their safe arrival in Dover Street. She mentions the cattle plague then beginning; thus—

“Our epidemical distemper is madness, which, thank God, has not yet reached the human species, but reigns among horses, cows, hoggs, shepp, and doggs; of the latter we have been one out of pocket, but our new tenant has lost a cow, and has a ram uncommonly freakish, which they suppose is going the same way, and J. Smith a hogg or two, and the country people take so little care of their doggs when they are bitt, as is very injurious to their neighbours. Ours was a greyhound, which will prevent Mr. Robinson’s coursing till he recruits his loss with another.”

Poor Mrs. Robinson, only three weeks after this letter, wrote to her daughters to say she had a swelling in her breast, which had formed some ten weeks back, and which she had hitherto concealed, and feared was cancer. She wrote to Dr. Chesilden,[359] the famous surgeon, to tell him, and he desired her to come to town.

[359] Dr. William Chesilden, born 1688, died 1752.

[197]

MRS. ROBINSON’S ILLNESS

Mrs. Montagu writes on December 17 to the duchess in great distress—

“that it was a cancer, but that not sticking to the ribs, it may be taken out without danger; he (Dr. Chesilden) has behaved to her with great gentleness and care, and has made her very easy. She bears her misfortune with great fortitude, she is neither afraid of death or pain, but says she is contented to suffer what Providence pleases to ordain.... She will not suffer us to be in the house while the operation is performed. They assure us there is no danger of her Life, but it is terrible to think of the pain she must undergo.”

The operation was performed successfully, but must have been shocking to bear, the use of anæsthetics not being then known. The two daughters nursed their mother, and the affectionate Mrs. Donnellan assisted, though herself in great trouble at the ill-health of her stepfather, Mr. Perceval. On Christmas Day, Mrs. Montagu writes a good report to the duchess, whose London porter, Elias, called daily to inquire. In the letter mention is made of “Marshall Belleisle[360] being taken prisoner, as he was going to the King of Prussia. His papers and attendants all seized.”

[360] Duc de Belle-Isle, French Marshal; born 1684, died 1761.

Thus end the letters of 1744.

[198]

## CHAPTER VI.

1745 — AT TUNBRIDGE WELLS — LETTERS FROM MR. MONTAGU AND OTHERS ABOUT THE JACOBITE CAMPAIGN.
1745

The first letter of any interest in 1745 is from Mrs. Robinson to Mrs. Montagu, dated May 8. In this she alludes to the death of the second Mrs. Conyers Middleton, née Miss Place, who had died on April 26, in her thirty-eighth year. It appears the marriage had not been a very happy one. Mrs. Robinson remarks—

“The Dean of Canterbury hears the Doctor (Middleton) is going to Ireland with Lord Chesterfield.[361]... I take it for granted, if he goes he is to be an Irish Bishop. It is very strange that no one can be contented with their present state, for though the Doctor is neither great nor rich, he has more than he wants, and can spend his time in such studies as he chuses, and his vacant hours in the company he has been used to, which I think to one between 60 and 70, would be no small consideration.”

[361] The 4th Earl of Chesterfield, born 1694, died 1773. He was just made Viceroy of Ireland.

DONNINGTON CASTLE

A letter of July 24 from Mrs. Montagu at Sandleford to the Duchess of Portland gives an interesting account of Donnington Castle, near Newbury—

“One day this week we rode to Chaucer’s Castle,[362] [199]where you will suppose we made some verses no doubt, and when they showed us Chaucer’s well, I desired some Helicon, hoping thereby to write you a more poetical letter, but the place having been, during the last Civil War, besieged, the Muses were frightened away, and forbade this spring to flow, so it is entirely choaked up, and where flourished Laurels and Bays, grows only uncouth thorns and thistles. Where erst the Muses and the Graces played in the best room of the Castle, now stink a few tame partridges: in short, the present owner, having none of the divine enthusiasm of poetry, has turned the Castle to barbarous uses. Above it is a partridge Mew, below a court is kept for paying fines and fees.”

[362] Donnington belonged to Thomas Chaucer, son of the poet, but likely enough the father visited his son there.

Mrs. Montagu had been far from well this spring and summer, with lowness of spirits and nervous fainting attacks. Dr. Mead prescribed riding as a remedy, and finally advised her to take the waters at Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Montagu being obliged to go to the North about his own and Mr. Rogers’ affairs, it was agreed that she should drink the waters whilst he was absent.

Lady Wallingford, who had been paying them a long visit, set out for Bath. Mrs. Montagu left Sandleford, August 18, for London, with Mr. Montagu, and left for Tunbridge Wells on the 20th, Mr. Montagu leaving for the North on August 29.

DR. YOUNG AND CIBBER!

Writing from Tunbridge Wells to the Duchess of Portland on August 27, Mrs. Montagu says—

“I have great joy in Dr. Young, whom I disturbed in a reverie, and at first he started, then bowed, then fell back into a surprise, then began a speech, relapsed into his astonishment two or three times.... I told him your Grace desired he would write longer letters, to which he cried “Ha!” most emphatically, and I leave you to interpret what it meant. He has made a friendship with one person here, whom I believe you would[200] not imagine to have been made for his bosom friend.... You would not guess that this associate of the Doctor’s was old Cibber![363] Certainly in their religious, moral and civil character there is no relation, but in their Dramatic capacity there is some. But why the Reverend Divine and serious author of the melancholy ‘Night Thoughts’ should desire to appear as a persona dramatis here, I cannot imagine. The waters have raised his spirits to a fine pitch, as your Grace will imagine when I tell you how sublime an answer he made to a very vulgar question. I asked him how long he staid at the Wells? He said ‘as long as my rival staid!’ I was astonished how one who made no pretensions to anything could have a rival, so I asked him for an explanation: he said he would stay as long as the Sun did!”

[363] Colley Cibber, actor and dramatist, born 1671, died 1757.

On August 30, writing to Mr. Montagu, mention is made of Dr. Smith, his friend, being at Tunbridge Wells. Dr. Robert Smith[364] was Master of Trinity, Cambridge, a mathematician and professor of astronomy, and had been tutor to the Duke of Cumberland.

“He sat next me at the Concert last night; why he is so fond of this place, I cannot tell, for it seems not very agreeable to the nature of a Philosopher. This is a life of idleness and dissipation. I spend great part of my day at home, but most people live upon the Publick Walks. I have got up very early and generally read an hour before I go to the Well. The greatest pleasure I have here is riding about to see this wild, rude country. Dr. Young dined with me to-day. Dr. Audley was much pleased with him, and we had a very chearful meal.”

[364] Dr. Robert Smith, born 1681, died 1768.

Mr. Montagu desired much to see some wheatears, birds that abound in the Downs still, and are delicious eating.

[201]

“I was sorry the Wheatears could not be got, but the Poulterer disappointed me; however I have now got a couple stuffed, by which you will see their shape and feathers.

“It is now absolutely said the Duchess of Manchester[365] is to marry Mr. Hussey.”[366]

[365] Isabella, daughter of the Duke of Montagu, and widow of 2nd Earl of Manchester.

[366] Mr. Edward Hussey, afterwards Earl of Beaulieu.

Mr. Montagu writes from his brother’s place, Newbold Verdon, where he stayed en route to the North—

“At Dunstable Hill j met Mr. Stanhope with your friend Dr. Courayer, and not far from Northampton my Lady Halifax[367] going to London to lye in, and afterwards my Lord,[368] with whom j had some discourse, and who was so civil as to say he hoped j intended calling on him at Horton. I said j would take some other opportunity of paying my respects. We had yesterday the company of Lord Wentworth[369] and a brother[370] of the great Mr. Lyttelton, who is a Clergyman, at dinner. The former of whom is a very pretty kind of man, and the other will be a Bishop.”

[367] Née Anne Dunk, a great heiress.

[368] George Montagu Dunk, 5th Earl of Halifax.

[369] Edward, 9th Baron Wentworth.

[370] Charles Lyttelton, afterwards Bishop of Carlisle.

DERBY

Arrived at Derby, Mr. Montagu writes, “The town is finely situated, and the country good about it, but the famous engine[371] for silk weaving being out of order, j am afraid we must go away without seeing it.”

[371] Invented by Mr. John Lombe, one great wheel turning 99,947 smaller wheels!

MANCHESTER

On September 5 Mr. Montagu writes from Manchester—

“We lay last night at Buxton, which is a mean town, very romantic and surrounded with barren hills, and [202]this morning, after travelling over about ten miles of very hilly country, some of which afforded very delightful prospects, and about 12 miles over a rich, flat country, we came here. This town is in the general, old, but some good houses have been built, and are daily building. The Collegiate Church is very handsome. It is very populous, and contains, as they say, about 70,000 people, and drives a prodigious trade.

“To-morrow we pursue our journey. We propose to lye at Skipton in Craven, which if we do, we shall reach Burton in good time the next day.”

Burton was Mr. Buckley’s[372] home.

[372] With whom the three younger Robinson boys had lived.

We must now return to Mrs. Montagu. Tunbridge Wells agreed with her, her spirits mended, and to the duchess’s inquiries she states—

“I can eat more buttered roll in a morning than a great girl at a boarding school, and more beef at dinner than a yeoman of the Guards; I sleep well, and am indeed in perfect health, and the waters have done me much service.”

DR. YOUNG

With Dr. Young’s company she was delighted, and she rode with him often. One ride she describes thus—

“I have been in the vapours these two days, on account of Dr. Young’s leaving us: he was so good as to let me have his company very often, and we used to ride and walk and take sweet counsel together. A few days before he went away, he carried Mrs. Rolt[373] and myself to Tunbridge,[374] five miles from hence, where we were to see some fine ruins.... First rode the Doctor on a tall steed, decently caparizoned in grey; next ambled Mrs. Rolt on a hackney horse lean as the famed Rosinante, but in shape much resembling Sancho’s ass; then followed your humble servant on a milk white[203] Palfrey, whose reverence for the human kind induced him to be governed by a creature not half as strong and I fear scarce thrice as wise as himself. The two figures that brought up the rear, the first was my servant valiantly armed with two uncharged pistols, whose holsters were covered with two civil harmless monsters, that signified the valour and courtesy of our ancestors. The last was the Doctor’s man, whose uncombed hair so resembled the mane of the horse he rode on, one could not help imagining they were of him.... On his head was a velvet cap much resembling a black saucepan, and on his side hung a little basket. Thus did we ride, or rather jog on to Tunbridge town. To tell you how the dogs barked at us, the children squalled, and the men and women stared at us, would take too much time.... At last we arrived at the ‘King’s Head’: the loyalty of the Doctor induced him to alight.... We took this progress to see the ruins of an old Castle; but first our Divine would visit the Churchyard, where we read that folks were born and died, the natural, moral, and physical history of Mankind. In the Churchyard grazed the Parson’s Steed, whose back was worn bare with carrying a pillion Seat for the comely, fat personage, this ecclesiastic’s wife. Though the creature eat daily part of the parish, he was most miserably lean. Tired of dead and living bones, Mrs. Rolt and I jumped over a stile into the Parson’s field, and from thence, allured by the sight of golden Pippins, we made an attempt to break into the holy man’s orchard. He came most courteously to us and invited us to his apple-trees; to show our moderation we each of us gathered two mellow codlings....

“The good parson offered to show us the inside of his Church, but made some apology for his undress, which was a truly canonical dishabille. He had on a grey striped calamanco night gown, a wig that once was white, but by the influence of an uncertain climate turned to a pale orange, a brown hat, encompassed by a black hatband, a band somewhat dirty that decently [204]retired under his chin, a pair of grey stockings well mended with blue worsted, strong symbol of the conjugal care and affection of his wife, who had mended his hose with the very worsted she bought for her own.... When we had seen the Church, the parson invited us to take some refreshment, but Dr. Young thought we had before trespassed on the good man’s time, so desired to be excused, else we should, no doubt, have been welcomed to the house by Madam in her muslin pinners and sarsenet hood, who would have given some Mead and a piece of a cake that she made in the Whitsun holidays for her cousins.”

[373] Mrs. Rolt, a friend of Dr. Conyers Middleton.

[374] Tunbridge and Tunbridge Wells are separate towns.

TONBRIDGE CASTLE

Mrs. Montagu goes on to say they invited the divine to join them at dinner, which he refused, but appeared afterwards with a large tobacco-horn, with Queen Anne’s head upon it, peeping from his pocket.

“After dinner we walked to the old Castle,[375] which was built by Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, in William Rufus’ days. It has been a most magnificent building, the situation is extremely beautiful: the Castle made a kind of half moon down to the river, and where the river does not defend it, it is guarded by a large moat. The towers at the great Gate are covered with fine venerable ivy. It was late in the evening before we got home, but the silver Cynthia held up her lamp in the heavens, and cast such a light on the earth, as showed its beauties in a soft and gentle light. The night silenced all but our Divine Doctor, who sometimes uttered things fit to be spoken in a Season when all Nature seems to be hushed and hearkening. I followed gathering wisdom as I went, till I found by my horse’s stumbling that I was in a bad road, and that the blind was leading the blind: so I placed my servant between the Doctor and myself, which he not perceiving, went on in a most philosophical strain to the great [205]amazement of my poor clown of a servant, who not being brought up to any pitch of enthusiasm, nor making answer to any of the fine things he heard, the Doctor wondering I was dumb, and grieving I was so stupid, looked round, declared his surprise, and desired the man to trot on before.”

[375] William Rufus gave Tonbridge to Richard FitzGilbert, ancestor of the Earls of Clare, surnamed “De Benefacta.”

THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ’45

Not till a letter of Mr. Montagu’s of September 17, from Allerthorpe, is a word said of the rising in Scotland. This passage occurs—

“The affair of the Pretender has made a noise beyond what j at first imagined it would. If it is as formidable as some would have us believe it to be, j hope by the care and vigilance of those at the helm, it will be soon crushed. We are hitherto in this country very quiet, and j hope we shall keep so.”

The next letter of September 22 says—

“I intended being at Newcastle next Tuesday, but what has happened since has made that impossible, for on Tuesday there is to be a meeting of the gentlemen at York, at which Mr. Carter and j are to be there.

“The rebels have certainly entered the city of Edinburgh,[376] as j suppose by the treachery of some there, but as the town of Newcastle has taken proper precautions and that there are at that town 1700 men, besides 1200 at Durham, and j hope with Cope are computed 3000, and it is said that the Dutch transports have been seen off the coasts, j hope there is no doubt this rebellion will be crushed. I hope, however, you will be under as little concern as possible, for j will run myself into no unnecessary danger, but behave as j hope you, if you were upon the spot, would approve.”

[376] They entered Edinburgh on September 16.

GEORGE LEWIS SCOTT —
NATIONAL TERRORS

This letter frightened Mrs. Montagu much. She immediately wrote to propose joining Mr. Montagu,[206] and despatched a messenger to London to ask advice from a person likely to know about the affair. This person was Mr. George Lewis Scott,[377] eldest son of George Scott, of Bristo in Scotland, by Marion Stewart, daughter of Sir James Stewart, Lord Advocate of Scotland. He was a great friend of George I., and had his names given to him by the Princess Sophia,[378] who was his godmother. He was a most able mathematician, which formed a tie between himself and Mr. Montagu. He was a tall, big man, very sociable and facetious, an accomplished musician. In 1750 he was Sub-Preceptor to George III., and in 1756 Commissioner of Excise. I give a portion of his letter in reply; his handwriting is beautiful—

“Hearing of an express said to arrive last night, I went out in search of news, but find nothing material since the account of the unhappy battle,[379] or rather infamous flight, of Saturday last. We have as yet no authentic detail of the action. The common opinion is, that the King’s forces both horse and foot behaved scandalously. Inclosed I send you a list of some officers killed and wounded in this affair. We do not yet know what is become of the rest, excepting that the greatest part of the Dragoons were safe at Berwick with Sir John Cope.[380] The Captain Stewart of the Earl of Loudoun’s Regiment mentioned among the slain was an acquaintance of Mr. Montagu’s, and a great friend of Mr. Spencer’s. There are two Captains killed and regretted of Guise’s Regiment, the same corps in which my brother has a company. By good fortune he was not there, being just returned from Flanders, and this Day upon the Establishment as engineer, and ordered to[207] attend Marshal Wade. We may once more call the east wind a Protestant wind. Had the English and Dutch forces, amounting to 12,000 men, been kept off by contrary winds, God only knows what the consequences of the loss of this, in itself trifling, skirmish might have been. As it is the Stocks have fallen considerably. There has been a run upon the Bank, who have paid silver to gain time, and have been much blamed for so doing. But on the other hand, just reasons are alledged for their conduct. They say they had certain knowledge that those who began the run were disaffected persons, who, if they had been paid in gold, might with much greater facility have transmitted supplies to Scotland, than when paid in silver. However this may be, it is certain that some of the most considerable Bankers and Merchants have agreed to support the Bank on this occasion. I am still hopeful, notwithstanding all the bad rumours we hear, that the old English spirit, though confessedly sunk in deep slumbers for many years, may yet awake. Can anything be more ridiculous and more joyful to the French, more terrible and more shameful to ourselves, to see a Nation which might raise 500,000 men, a nation worth twice 500 millions of property, frightened and disordered by 5000 Highland ruffians not worth £5000, if they, their wives and children, servants, goods and chattels, were to be sold in the market? In the days of Oliver six times that number were near Dunbar dispersed by 10,000 English like chaff before the wind. But perhaps, as Voltaire says, ‘Les anglois d’aujourd’huy ne resemblent aux anglois de Cromwell, non plus que les Monsignori de Rome ne resemblent aux Scipions et aux Catons.’”

[377] George Lewis Scott, born 1708, died 1780.

[378] Daughter of George I., married Frederick William, King of Prussia.

[379] Battle of Preston Pans, fought on September 20.

[380] Commander-in-Chief for Scotland.

GENERAL WADE’S ARMY

The last account we have of the rebels is that

“they are returned to Edinburgh, and it is supposed they will be audacious enough to call a Parliament of that Nation, and dissolve the Union. This I think good news, as it will give time for the panic, with which too[208] many are seized, to dissipate. It will also give the well affected in the Northern counties time to arm, and for the King’s forces to assemble. Mr. Wade’s army is to be 10 or 12,000 strong. The Rendezvous it’s said, is to be at Nottingham. I wish the Duke[381] were sent for to command. He behaved incomparably well in Flanders, avoided no danger, no fatigue, was an example of regularity and discipline, and what is more considerable, of justice in rewarding merit. More troops are said to be ordered over. This is certainly a right step, but the consequences on the other side of the water, be what they will.... We have a report that the Castle of Edinburgh must soon surrender for want of provisions. What an unpardonable neglect! If this should be so, the consequences would be very bad, as it would furnish the rebels with considerable quantities of cash, plate, arms, powder, and artillery. What will happen, I know not, but if I were Governor, I could soon fetch up provisions from the city by bombs and red-hot balls.”

[381] The Duke of Cumberland, born 1721, died 1768; second son of George II.

Mr. Scott concludes his letter by saying he hopes Mr. Montagu will be in London for the meeting of Parliament on October 17. He also adds—

“I could wish you further from the Sea-side than Mount Morris, though Mr. Vernon[382] is the most vigilant of commanders. I have been assured that as soon as the news of his being appointed was known in France, the price of insurance was raised.”

[382] Admiral Vernon, born 1684, died 1757.

He concludes with messages to Sarah Robinson, who was with her sister, and who was destined to become his wife.

Emery Walker Ph. Sc.

Lady Lechmere née Howard

COUNTY MEETING —
CONDUCT OF THE NORTHERN GENTRY

The next letter from Mr. Montagu from Allerthorpe, dated September 27, is thus—[209]

“My Dearest,

“Since my last letter to you by Sunday’s Post, we had our meeting at York on Tuesday the 24th, where there was the greatest Meeting of peoples of all Ranks and degrees that j believe was ever known upon any occasion. Of the nobility there was present the Lord Carlisle,[383] the Lord Malton,[384] Lord Lonsdale,[385] Lord Falconbridge,[386] Lord Fitzwilliam,[387] and perhaps some others who may have escaped my notice, together with Sir Conyers D’Arcy,[388] Mr. Turner, Member for the County, Mr. Fox and Mr. Wentworth, members for the City of York, and all the gentlemen of the County, together with the clergy. There was the utmost unanimity and spirit imaginable, and after a meeting at the Castle, where the Archbishop made a handsome speech on the occasion, an association was entered into with an address to the King, and subscription made of near £20,000, and which when the whole of the collection shall be made, will j believe amount to much more. With this money there are to be raised several Companys of foot, consisting of 50 men each, and they will be officered by gentlemen who will serve without any pay, among whom is my friend, Sir R. Graham, but it will be some time before these companys can be raised, and made usefull, which would not have been otherwise, if the Militia had been kept up and exercised as the law directs instead of being ridiculed and rendered contemptible these last fifty years for purposes j need not tell you. I wish this misfortune would for the future learn us more prudence, and make us settle the Militia which is the only constitutional force, and agreeable to our liberty, upon a better footing than it has of late been, but j know too much of mankind ever to hope to see it in this country. This rebellion has made a most rapid and surprising progress. Edinburgh was taken before it was believed there was almost any such thing. The disbelief, however, of the people was [210]no excuse for the M(inistr)y, whose measures have been the cause of it, for not crushing it at the beginning. The conduct of our General Cope is much censured for suffering himself to be surprised by the enemy, who in a short time overcame, and j wish Wentworth who is sent may have better success than he had at Carthagena. Mr. Ridley, the Mayor of Newcastle, has taken all proper precautions to secure the town, and if we are rightly informed, has, with the promise of £10,000, gained all the Keel men, who are computed at 15,000 men. The county of Durham has raised the Militia and General Oglethorpe[389] is at York raising a regiment of gentlemen volunteers. About 15,000 Dutch are j believe got to Berwick, and j hope we shall soon have the regiments amounting to upwards of 6000, which are lately landed in the Thames from Holland, by means of all which force j flatter myself a speedy end will be put to this unhappy affair, and peace restored to our Island....

“I desire you will not let yourself be concerned more than you ought at these unhappy times, nor imagine us here in greater danger than we really are, for if the enemy should be for coming this length, we should have notice enough of it, and as we are at present unprovided with force, must take to flight to save ourselves. I am in very good health and spirits, and run no hazards but what others as deserving and better than j do run, and hope your good sense and greatness of mind will preserve you from being more concerned than other people are, or you ought to be. I desire you will add to all the other testimonys of your love and affection to me, what j now ask, which at all events will make me easy. I will take all opportunities of writing to you, and am, with my compliments to dear Miss Salley,

“My dearest Angel,
“Your most affectionate Husband,
“Edw. Montagu.

“P.S.—I subscribed a £100.”

[383] 7th Earl of Carlisle.

[384] 6th Baron of Malton.

[385] 3rd Viscount Lonsdale.

[386] Should be Viscount Fauconberg.

[387] 1st Earl Fitzwilliam.

[388] Afterwards 6th Earl of Holdernesse.

[389] James Edward Oglethorpe, born 1698, died 1785; 1733 founded Georgia, which he named after George II.

GENERAL COPE’S DEFEAT

[211]The next letter from Mr. Montagu is written from Allerthorpe, on September 29, after having received his wife’s earnest appeal to be allowed to join him. This sentence shows his affection for her—

“You have ever been my Pride, j have loved and honoured you with the tenderest affection, and will continue to do so as long as j live, but j now adore you for the greatness of mind, joyned with the utmost regard shewn to me in a letter which might have well become a Roman Lady. The happiest days that j ever past in my life, have been with you, and j hope Heaven, after these storms shall be blown over, will grant me the long enjoyment of your charming society, which I prefer above everything upon Earth....

“I cannot consent to the danger you might run by coming to me, however glad j might be to have you with me, but must desire you and conjure you without any further difficulty or hesitation to go to your Father’s in Kent, where you will be amongst those who best love you, and are most capable to defend you, till j can come to you there myself....

“The defeat of Cope is a very great misfortune. Everybody censures the conduct of the General, as well as the behaviour of the soldiers. We have since the battle heard no more but that the Rebels are encamped at Preston Pans, near where the battle was fought.”

SUSSEX PRIVATEERS

On September 30, from London, George Lewis Scott writes to Mrs. Montagu, still at Tunbridge Wells—

“Since my last I have seen two Officers, who were in the engagement of Saturday sen’night, and I have had a pretty distinct account of our dispositions, so that I could send you a plan of that affair.... It seems agreed both by these officers and by the General’s letter that our men were seized with a panic at the rapid motion of the Highlanders, so that their officers attempted to rally them in vain. The military Chest and all the baggage [212]was taken, what the loss of men is cannot yet be known. I find Captain Stewart is not killed, but only taken Prisoner. Our civil panic here begins to subside a little. General Wade’s[390] Army will probably be near Doncaster by this day sen’night, so that we hope Yorkshire will be protected.... We are in no apprehensions for Berwick or Newcastle: nor is the Castle of Edinburgh in danger for want of provisions. Besides the ordinary Stores, the Governor swept all the Markets in town, the day the Rebels left it to meet General Cope. The Provost, I hear, is in the Castle, so that I hope he will be able to wipe off the aspersions so liberally thrown upon him. There is no certain news of the further motions or schemes of the Rebels. To-day I was told they intended to march for Northumberland, and expected to be there increased 10,000 men besides £100,000 in money. I give no great credit to my author’s intelligence, he is of a suspected family and speaks as he wishes. This is all I have been able to pick up for you, and I hope your fears begin to subside a little. But if I endeavour to diminish them for the North I shall now on the contrary try to increase them on the South. I mean as to your going to Mount Morris. I saw a Sussex gentleman yesterday, who tells me they are frequently alarmed by Privateers on their coast, and what should hinder a few desperadoes from landing in the night and doing as they pleased on the coast.... I own it would give me a vast satisfaction to see you and Miss Robinson in Dover Street again.”

[390] Field-Marshal George Wade, died 1748, ætat 75.

On October 1 Mr. Montagu writes from Allerthorpe—

“My dearest Love,

“Since my last to you, we have heard nothing of the advancing of the Rebels, who, we have advice, are not above 5000, and most of them very shabby fellows. A Spy has been taken at Newcastle, said to belong to[213] the Duke of Perth,[391] on whom was found a letter concealed in his glove. The contents are not yet made publick, no more than those of the letters found also on another person at the same place. The former has cut his throat, but is not dead. We are very quiet in these parts. The Captains are raising their men, and General Oglethorpe is getting together a flying Squadron of Volunteers, amongst whom are Mr. Tanfield of Calthorpe, and Dr. Chambers of Ripon. Captain Twycross is Lieutenant to Sir Reginald.

“I hear the Dukes of Bedford and Devonshire and others are set out for their respective counties to raise men to assist in suppressing this rebellion.”

[391] 3rd titular Duke of Perth, born 1720, died 1746.

He ends by entreating her to go at once to Horton, as Mount Morris was more generally called in the family, and that till the country was safe, she would not blame his staying north as long as he could be of any service.

TUNBRIDGE WARE

This letter hastened Mrs. Montagu’s and Sarah’s departure from Tunbridge Wells. Writing to the Duchess of Portland on the eve of starting, she asks her if she has

“received a fan with Dr. Young’s picture in his riding accoutrements. I have taken the liberty to send you some Tunbridge ware, which in your magnificence you will despise, but I desire it may be sent to your Dairy, and there humbler thoughts will possess you, and churns of butter, prints, and skimming dishes will appear of consequence. I have sent you baskets for your goodyship to put your eggs in, also for feeding your poultry.”

SIR JOHN COPE

On October 5 George Lewis Scott wrote to Mrs. Montagu, then at Mount Morris, a long letter, a portion of which I copy. His handwriting, though small, was clear and exceedingly elegant. He chaffs her and Miss Robinson at taking refuge near the sea, and says, “If[214] I were Captain of a Privateer, and had 50 stout fellows to second me, I would carry you and your whole family off in spite of the unconquered county of Kent.”... After this he suggests

“a vidette, a Sentinel on Horseback at a proper distance from the house, who may gallop home and give you timely allarm, your horses should be ready saddled.... The Army under Marshal Wade is not to rendezvous at Worcester till the 12th instant. If the Highlanders have begun their march as it is supposed, and that their Chiefs get their men to cross the borders, (no easy task, because of the prevailing tradition among them that none ever get back again), they may be in Yorkshire as soon as our Army. I am sorry that county is not better prepared, but alas! it is not easy to be prepared in a country rendered so artificially unwarlike as England. What signify all the speeches of the Orators, or rather of our ignorant, perhaps knavish babblers in Parliament against the Army? What has been the consequence of their insisting so often, contrary to common experience and common sense, that our Navy was a sufficient security. They only misled honest gentlemen. Their frothy words will not restore tranquillity, and public credit, nor repel the Highlanders. The Roman orators were also warriors, even Cicero was, I believe, a better General than most of ours, who have not forgot the Art of War, as Miss Robinson suggests: they never learnt it.

“À propos of Generals, the following lines were made and repeated by a lady while asleep; her husband set them down, and astonished her with them in the morning; she remembered nothing of the matter:—

“‘Say what reward shall be decreed
For deeds like those of Sir John Cope?
Reason and rhyme have both agreed
His ribbon should be made a rope.’

“You say, Madam, you have wasted, not spent your time at Tunbridge. Your health restored, and your reflections show me the contrary....”

[215]

Mr. Montagu now proposed returning from the North, thinking matters were on a better footing, and intended fetching his wife from Mount Morris, but Parliament being summoned, was forced to remain in Dover Street. Mrs. Montagu proposed joining him from Kent on October 27. In a letter to him on the 25th, she states, “The smugglers here are all patriots it seems, which is very fortunate, for they assemble in formidable numbers.”

Mrs. Robinson being threatened with a renewal of cancer in her breast, was persuaded to accompany Mrs. Montagu to London for advice. In a letter to the Duchess of Portland at this period Mrs. Montagu states—

“The learned faculty have given us better hopes of my Mother’s case than I could have expected. They say it is not yet cancerous, and that it may be many years before it hurts her. Your Grace was excessively good in sending me the receipts which I have sent her, and also the Walnut medicine.”

The “Walnut medicine,” from; a letter of the duchess, appears to have been made of the lining of the nuts.

MR. SCOTT’S APPETITE

In a letter to Sarah of November 8 Mrs. Montagu jokes about Mr. Scott being in love with Sarah, but his appetite being little diminished by it, as he had just eaten most of a chine of mutton and two large apple dumplings. He seems from other letters to have possessed a large appetite! She then adds—

“I think it is time to tell you all the news I have heard about the Rebels, God knows it is not very good: 5000 Irish Brigadiers from Dunkirk are embarked in order to land in Scotland to assist the Rebels. [216]Ligonier[392] is sent for, Marshal Wade, who thinks he has forces enow, and the Dukes of Bedford,[393] Richmond,[394] Rutland,[395] and some others march in person to him immediately.... The Pretender is at Kelso on the borders of England. The Dutch troops are not to be depended upon, and ours are very drunken and licentious. The Parliament has not done anything remarkable for some days. On Thursday they had the Pretender’s declarations read, and after a Conference with the Lords ordered the Declaration to be burnt by the hands of the common Hangman.”

[392] John, Earl of Ligonier, born 1678, died 1770. Field-Marshal, distinguished in Marlborough’s campaigns.

[393] 4th Duke, born 1710, died 1771.

[394] 7th Duke, born 1701, died 1750.

[395] 3rd Duke, born 1696, died 1779.

MR. STANLEY’S LETTER —
TO THE DUKE OF MONTAGU

Amongst Mr. Montagu’s papers endorsed by him “a letter of Mr. Stanley’s to the Duke of M,” meaning John,[396] 2nd Duke of Montagu, his relation, is the following:—

“Boughton,[397] November 17, 1745.

“My Lord,

“I received your Grace’s commands by express yesterday morning by six o’clock. I immediately wrote a letter to old Mr. Squire and his son, and expected an answer last night, but to my surprise John Goodwin came in without one, they being both in Huntingdonshire, and I expect every minute an answer which was promised by Mr. Squire. Mr. George Robinson I waited upon, and he expressed great satisfaction at your Grace’s kind favour of being made Captain Lieutenant in your Grace’s own troop of Horse, and returns your Grace his most dutiful thanks for the same. Your Grace is pleased to mention that the new rais’d Regiment will soon march northwards, at which both[217] regiments have expressed much uneasiness: the men say they had no need to leave their houses and families to go for soldiery, that they and their forefathers have lived quietly and happily under your Grace and your forefathers as tenants for hundreds of years, that they would never have engaged to the Wars with anybody but your Grace, when they listed it was only to go along with your Grace to fight for you, and that they would go with nobody else. The Northamptonshire men are in the same story, they say if they had wanted to quit their professions to be soldiers they might have had five pounds a man to list in the Guards, or four pounds a man to list in a marching regiment, but they chose to list with your Grace for nothing, out of regard for you, and to go with you and fight for you, and nobody else. I believe one reason which made the people more uneasy is, that at the time they were raising, it was maliciously insinuated amongst them that your Grace’s name was only made use of to get them to list, and that they would be draughted and turned over to other Colonels, which made many backward in listing, and many of them are still apprehensive of being serv’d so, and declare if they are, they will sooner venture being shot for deserters than serve, and it has cost us much pains and many good words and a great deal of coaxing to bring them into temper; and we have told them that in fighting in defence of their King and country, wherever your Grace shall order them is the true way of serving your Grace, and that they may be assured they will not be draughted and turned over to other Colonels, and they seem now to be pretty easy for the present, and I believe, will march chearfully and willingly enough, when and wherever your Grace shall please to order them. Give me leave, my dear Lord Duke, once more to offer myself and fifty men, quite volunteers, to bear our own expenses, to wait on your Grace, if you must expose your person to danger, wherever you shall please to command us, and cloath ourselves in what manner you like best, and[218] shall think ourselves happy in hazarding our lives for the preservation of yours, who are so dear a Father to your Country.

“It being half an hour after 11 o’clock, I dare not stay any longer for Mr. Squire’s answer. I dare venture to say young Mr. Squire would be very glad to accept the Favour of your Grace’s convey of Horse. I have heard him say to that effect. I take the freedom to inclose a letter or two in this packet, and am,

“My Lord,
“Your Grace’s most humble,
and Dutiful Servant to command,
“D. Stanley.”

[396] John Montagu, 2nd Duke, born 1689, died 1749.

[397] Boughton, the duke’s property near Kettering in Northamptonshire.

The Duke of Montagu[398] raised three regiments, two of foot and one of horse. The command of one regiment he gave to his relation John, 4th Earl of Sandwich.

[398] The duke was Master of the Wardrobe, and Grandmaster of the Order of the Bath.

SIR FRANCIS DASHWOOD

A letter of Mrs. Montagu’s to the Duchess of Portland, dated November 19, says—

CATTLE MURRAIN

“Carlisle is surrendered to the rebels, who, I hear, behave civilly, and not as conquerors.... Ligonier is still ill; the Dukes of Richmond and Bedford are set out. Lord Sandwich is aide-de-camp to the Duke of Richmond. I pity poor Lady Sandwich, she endeavours to bear up, but certainly she is in an uneasy situation; I saw her on Sunday, and she is to dine here to-morrow.... I suppose you know Sir Francis Dashwood is upon the brink of matrimony. I see him sometimes with his intended bride, Lady Ellis; he is really very good company.”

This was the celebrated Sir Francis Dashwood,[399] afterwards Lord Le Despencer, the leader of the infamous Hell Fire Club of the sham Franciscan monks[219] at Medmenham Abbey. Mention is made in this letter of the murrain amongst the cattle, which raged to such a degree that people forbore to eat beef or veal, or drink milk. A passage in a letter of November 26 to the Rev. W. Freind, who was then at Bath, reads—

“The Duke of Cumberland set out yesterday, as did the Duke of Bedford and Lord Sandwich: the Duke of Montagu gave his Lordship one of his regiments. Almost all of our nobility are gone to the Army, so that many of the great families are in tears. Let it be said for the honour of our sex, there are no drums, no operas, and plays are unfrequented.”

[399] He married Lady Ellis, December 19, 1745.

Sarah Robinson, writing from Mount Morris, states that they were in great fear of an invasion of the French. It filled her with unspeakable terror, as well as the servants; but she says—

“My Father, you are to understand, is not at all concerned, he is not at all afraid of an invasion, nor don’t think there is the least probability of it, but for all that he has ordered everything to be packed up that can be packed.” She adds, “I don’t know that the French will invade us, but I am sure crossness has, and my Father is just miserably out of sorts, so it’s a pity but he should stay in the house, he would presently scold the French away.”

INVASION EXPECTED —
THE LAW REGIMENT

The Montagus had now left London for Sandleford, and Mr. George L. Scott writes the following letter to Mr. Montagu:—

“London, December 12, 1745.

“Dear Sir,

“I did not expect so sudden an occasion of writing to you. You need not, however, expect very important news, it being only to inform you that henceforward you may shine in the dignity of F.R.S., you were elected this evening, and may be admitted when[220] you return to town. We had a very hot alarm this morning, of a descent of the French in Sussex. It was grounded upon a letter of a gentleman of distinction in your county; the Secretary of the Customs roused Mr. Pelham with the news at three, but a more certain and contradictory account came by eight, with us the report subsisted till two, and then vanished. Thus far, they say, may be depended on, that Dunkirk Harbour is filled with Ships. If the French can get a footing in Kent, it will be their fault if they do not do us inconceivable damages by destroying our docks, and raising heavy contributions. Were it not for some individuals, and innocent persons who would suffer on such an occasion, I should not grieve in the least to see some others pay the penalty of their infatuation or dastardly spirit. I only wish the King’s forces might be strong enough to take the booty from the French, and divide it among themselves; this would be no loss to the nation, and only transfer property from the fools or cowards to the brave. I say the same of the Northern counties, through which the Rebels have passed. They have behaved infamously. Sullivan, who was in Corsica with Marshal Maillebois,[400] has now felt the difference between modern Englishmen and Corsicans, much to the honour of the latter. These poor people, undisciplined and unarmed, almost with any thing but the spirit of liberty, baffled two veteran armies. Here a country more extensive than Corsica, better peopled, richer, and either well armed, or such as might have been so if they pleased, and with-all well furnished with plenty of horses, has tamely suffered itself to be overrun by a pack of foot banditti, two-thirds of which, by the best accounts, are scarce men, pudet hæc opprobria!

“Our accounts from Scotland are but melancholy. The Rebels lay what contributions they please. Some Clans, they say, have taken arms, not with any intention[221] to assist either side, but only to plunder. It is now at last agreed upon to bring over the Hessians. What a shame that we should want them! and what a shame that since any man might see we did want them, they were not brought over sooner. I say the same of the remainder of our country. Our administration puts me in mind of the rustic mentioned by Demosthenes, who coming into a fencing school, never foresaw a blow, but as soon as he was pushed, he would then clap his hand to the place, and so shift it after another blow, being thus always too late.

“Our law regiment received his Majesty’s thanks much about the time you left this on Tuesday, with an intimation that the rebels being retired, he was unwilling to put us to any further trouble or expense. The frustrating this scheme is placed to the account of the mean jealousy of a certain great man. His family, I hear, on the other hand complain that he should be reproached on this head, when he was totally ignorant of the whole affair, and his being at all mentioned in it, was entirely owing to the indiscretion and impertinent zeal of some silly young fellows, who might fancy to obtain his favour by their conduct on this occasion, but what he totally disapproves of. What the truth of the matter is I know not, but I have my own suspicions, which possibly I may find an opportunity to verify. If they prove true, all I can say is I would not have some men’s souls for their estates.

“My best respects to Mrs. Montagu. I hope she finds the country answer her expectations, as to health and every other respect.

“I am, dear Sir,
“Your most obedient, humble servant,
“Geo. L. Scott.

“10 o’clock—

“The rebels set out from Manchester Northward, Tuesday last. They have murdered and plundered many. The Duke is in pursuit.

“The Provost of Edʳ is to be sent to the Tower.”

[400] Jean Des Marets Maillebois, born 1682, died 1762. French Marshal, conquered Corsica in 1739.

[222]

COUNT ST. GERMAIN

In a letter of Mrs. Montagu’s to the Duchess of Portland at this period, she says—

“Count St. Germain[401] was seized some days ago; it is said he had many jewels to a great value, and letters were found directing him how to manage the Papists in case the Pretender should approach and in what manner they were to use it. Sir R. Brown[402] offered to bail St. Germain. A transport Ship that was bringing officers over to the Rebels is taken. The old Pretender had sent his abdication of his crown, and orders to Charles to publish the manifestoes in his own name. The Lawyers offered to form themselves into a regiment to guard the Royal family, but Lord Chief Justice Willes’[403] friends insisted on his being Colonel, which has discouraged the affair.”

[401] Comte De Saint Germain, born 1707, died 1778. French General.

[402] Probably Lieut.-General George Brown.

[403] John Willes, born 1685, died 1761.

ROMNEY MARSH

Meanwhile the fears of a French invasion increased in the southern counties, as will be seen by this letter of Mrs. Robinson’s to Mrs. Montagu—

“December 15, 1745.

“My Dear,

“Before you receive this you will have heard from Sally that she this day sett forward for Cantʸ, in order to proceed for London to-morrow morning: indeed the frequent alarms we have had for this last week has been too much for her spirits, and I pressed her to go, for she was not able to make herself easy in staying, and yet, poor girl, she went with great heaviness, though she had a mind to it, and Mr. Robinson, though he thought the fright more than necessary, was very easy with it. Yesterday he had a certain account from Dover that Admiral Vernon sent yᵐ an express last Tuesday, yt he had reason to believe yt ye French design’d landing a great force (it was said 200,000, though yt, I think, [223]must be a mistake) at Dover, or on the Kentish coast, and ordered them to keep themselves in readiness to oppose them: 400 men keep watch at nights, and ye inhabitants keep all their best effects packed up to send away at ye first approach of danger. These things much magnified, and told in many different shapes, are sufficient to alarm most people that live where we do, for should any army land on ye coast of Kent, I am told Romney[404] is the most convenient place, as there is a fine flat to land on, and no opposition can be made, as we are destitute of forces, and the people entirely unarmed and frightened out of their wits: we are in the worst situation of any gentleman’s house in the county in such a case, for they must pass within two or three fields[405] of ye house, if not through the yard, and you know we stand very visible, yt in such case, which God forbid, we must be great sufferers, they wou’d certainly spoil what they cou’d not carry away, and probably set fire to the house. But as to our selves, I don’t doubt but we are as safe as the rest of the Nation, for we have given orders for an express to come away if any landing appears in ye Marsh, and should set out in an hour’s time, whereas an army would be some days in landing. Nor am I in any fright, no do I believe they dare attempt any such thing, but that ye transports that lay manᵉᵈ at Dunkirk are designed to land some forces in Scotland, of wcʰ two was taken, and broᵗ into Deal yesterday, bound for Montrose, and I think Suffolk would be a better place yⁿ ye Kentish coast, and less guarded: but I will tell you what I have done by way of precaution. I have packed up all ye lining, plate and Clothes yt cou’d be spared from constant use, and all writings, and they are ready loaded in the waggon, and secured tennants’ horses to carry them off. As to furniture, it may take its fate, as I cou’d neither put it up properly, nor get carriages to carry it off on ye sudden, and it wou’d be great expence, and great damage to do it to no[224] purpose. Pray don’t be in any fright for us, for you may be sure we shall take care of ourselves so far as not to be caught, and that is all anybody can do. I shall be greatly concern’d shou’d such a thing happen, for our own misfortune and those of everybody’s else, for ye whole nation must be sufferers, though some may feel it in a more particular manner than others, as they wou’d be more in ye way of these people. I am much at ease yt Sally is gone, as a sudden alarm might have affected her so as to have highten’d my fright, wʰ wou’d have been more for her than for myself. There is orders come to ye Deputy Lieutenants to raise ye Militia, we hear yt the Dutch Ships with Admiral Vernon sail’d this afternoon northwards, by which we hope ye fears of this part grow less, or he wou’d not lessen his forces.

“I think the wind will never be fair for poor Robert.[406] Sure they are not still off Galway....

“Mr. Robinson joins with me in our best compliments to Mr. Montagu, and love to yourself,

“I am, my dear,
“Yours most affectionately,
“E. R.

“P.S.—I was surprised you prevailed with yourself to leave London, as it is thought the safest place.”

[404] Romney Marsh, close by Mount Morris.

[405] By the ancient road called Stone Street.

[406] Her two sons, Robert and Charles, returning from the East Indies.

Sarah Robinson had taken refuge with her friend, Mrs. Cotes, in Charles Street. In a letter to the duchess of December 16, Mrs. Montagu says, “I hear the Rebels made great havoc at Levens, which has greatly established the Countess’ loyalty to the Hanover succession.”

LEVENS HALL

Levens Hall, in Westmorland, was the beautiful seat of the 4th Earl of Berkshire, brought him by his wife, Catherine Grahame. They were the parents of William Lord Andover, whose wife was the intimate friend of Mrs. Botham.

[225]

A FOOTMAN

A passage in a letter to the Rev. William Freind concerning a footman indicates the manners and wages of that time. Mrs. Montagu says—

“Pray is the young man who you once proposed to me for a servant at liberty now? For my footman thinks my wages not equal to his parts and merits. The servant I part with, is very honest, but I cannot bring him to deliver his sincerity in such delicate terms as are necessary in a message. He told a lady of quality who inquired after my health, that I was pure stout, and if I am in good spirits he tells people I am brave, that he is likely to establish me as a character of violence.... If your youth can carry a message, keep himself sober and clean, and stay at home, when he is not sent abroad, they are all the qualifications I desire. He is to have livery, and frock every year, and six pounds wages the first year, the second seven. He is to put out his washing.”

Greater threatenings than ever of an invasion arose at the end of December. Mr. and Mrs. Montagu implored her parents to take refuge in their house in Dover Street. Mrs. Robinson, on December 25, says—

“My Dear,

“I return you and Mr. Montagu my sincere thanks for the kind offer of your house, and should I be obliged to run away of the sudden, I shall certainly make use of it till I can get lodgings.

“Last night a drunken fellow went through Hanford, and told yᵐ yt ye French was landing in the Marsh, wh. was presently believed, and 500 men was ready to march from thence this morning, when they found it to be a lie. It is a pitty ye country is quite without arms, for the people show great alacrity to defend themselves. Your Father has gone to dine with Mr. Brockman,[407] and as he is not returned, the coast was certainly clear when he went over the hill.”

[407] At Beachborough.

[226]

A BRAVE GAMEKEEPER!

Mr. Robinson had armed a number of his tenants, and appointed John Cullen, the gamekeeper, as Master of the Ordnance. This amused Mrs. Montagu, as in a letter to Mrs. Robinson she says—

“I fancy John has little notion of a gun without a dog, and though a mighty hunter, his prey not being man, he would probably run away, or take to covert. I once saw my Father arm our Militia to take up Jarvis, the Highwayman, and I own I thought the warrant the only arms they durst use against the offender.”

In the same letter she comments on the prevailing expectation that the Pretender would arrive at some particular place. “They expected the Pretender at Newbury three weeks ago. I had a mind to have asked them if he loved eels, for really I don’t know any other seduction he would have to have called on them....”

Lady Oxford wrote one morning to the Duchess of Portland that “it was said the Rebels would be at Welbeck by one o’clock, but did not leave her house, which I think was very wrong, but she is always composed.”

This is the last letter of 1745.

[227]

## CHAPTER VII.

1746–1748 — CHIEFLY IN LONDON AND BATH AND AT SANDLEFORD — VISITS TO BULLSTRODE AND TO CAMBRIDGE.
1746

The first letter of 1746 is dated January 1 to the Duchess of Portland at Bullstrode.

The Montagus remained quietly at Sandleford till Parliament met.

THE DEATH OF MRS. ROBINSON

At the end of April, or commencement of May, Mrs. Montagu lost her excellent and amiable mother from a return of her former illness. I have no letters till the following one, undated, in reply for a letter of condolence of Mrs. Freind’s:—

“Dear Madam,

“The tender hand of a friend does all in the power of human art to heal the wounds given by affliction. That you love me, and interest yourself for me, must on all occasions give me comfort. It is not consistent with duty or prudence to be ever considering one’s loss with those circumstances of tenderness that make one unable to bear up against it, so I will say as little as possible of the dear, tender parent, and endeavour to recollect her only as a most excellent woman, and try to become good by her example. She concluded with an heroic constancy the most virtuous life. From her prosperity she drew arguments of resignation and patience, and expressed the greatest thankfulness that Providence had lent her so many blessings without[228] repining that they were to be taken away. How few are they that do not grow proud and stubborn by that indulgence which made her humble and resigned! She had spent her life in doing those just, right things that bring peace at the last; and after living so many years in the world, left it with the greatest innocence of soul and integrity of heart I ever knew. How much superior is this to the forced and immeritorious innocence of a sequestered Cloister; for after having bent to all the duties of human life, she had not contracted any of the vices or bad affections of it; nor had she the least tincture of the secret faults of malice or envy which often lurk about the hearts of those who are esteemed persons of unblameable conduct. Through every action of her life she deserved to be loved and esteemed, and in her death almost to be adored, for in that scene she appeared almost more than human. But this subject is too affecting, nor can I think of my final separation from such a friend with the resignation I ought.

“I beg you would think favourably of a journey to Sandleford: you cannot imagine the pleasure it would give me to see you there. We are still roasting in this dusty town, but hope a very few days will carry us into the country.

“I am, dear Mrs. Freind’s
“Most affectionate cousin,
and sincere friend,
“Eliz. Montagu.”
LYDIA BOTHAM

The only other letter on this subject is from Mrs. Lydia Botham, Mrs. Laurence Sterne’s sister, a portion of which I give. The handwritings of the two sisters[408] were much alike—

“Yoxall, May 25, 1746.

“My dear Cousin,

“If your knowing how sensible I am of your loss of my dear Aunt, and how deeply I share in your[229] affliction, could afford you any relief, I should endeavour to lay open a most sorrowful Heart to you, tho’ I could send you but a faint copy of it, for my grief, like yours, is at present too big for utterance. I can offer nothing for your consolation, but what I’m sure your own thoughts will have suggested to you; that the Dear, the Valuable Parent you have lost has lived to enjoy the Greatest Blessing a parent can have, the seeing her children brought up in health and prosperity; that she who acted so strictly up to her duty in every capacity here is only removed from the Happiness she reap’d in her Family, to receive the further and infinitely greater Reward of her well-doing; that since the Giver of Life saw fit to finish hers by so painful a Distemper, it is some comfort that her Misery was of no longer duration.

“From these considerations I am persuaded you will find all the consolation that such an affliction can admit of. Your letter is dated the 5th, but it did not reach me till the last post, and had the Dublin postmark on it. I had received the melancholy news from Lady Suffolk, but could not write to you immediately upon your misfortune. The news of my poor Aunt’s Death is a heavy addition to such a load of sorrow as I was before nearly ready to sink under. My eldest girl has lately discovered some tendency to my asthmatical Disorder; the Thought that she received this from me, and that the rest of my dear Babes stand the same unhappy chance, is such an affliction to me....

“I mourn with my Uncle, but shall forbear writing to him for fear of adding to his concern.”

[408] Mr. Botham was Vicar of Yoxall, Staffordshire.

By the will of his maternal grandfather, Thomas Morris, the estates of Mount Morris and East Horton, Kent, now passed to Matthew Robinson, Mrs. Montagu’s eldest brother. His father, Mr. Robinson, who had always disliked country life, now made London his headquarters. In a letter of June 22, to the Duchess of Portland, Mrs. Montagu says—

[230]

“We shall stay in London about a week getting a plan for finishing a house which we are to have in a street near Berkeley Square, in a street not yet much built; it will be better to stay a year for the finishing than to take what one does not like.”

This was the house in Hill Street, in which she lived many years.

ALBURY

At this period Lord Andover presented the Rev. John Botham to the living of Albury in Surrey. Mrs. Botham and Mrs. Sterne had, as we learn from a letter of Mrs. Montagu’s, been brought up in great luxury, with a constant succession of company, whilst their father, the Rev. Robert Lumley, was alive. Reduced to poverty by his death, they both married men of small fortune, therefore one is not surprised that Lydia Botham, unaccustomed to small means, and, in spite of her delicacy, extremely fond of society, soon incurred debt and embarrassment with a growing family and small income.

Lady Andover, who was her constant and best friend, writes on June 26 to Mrs. Montagu to explain the excessive melancholy of Lydia, who was proceeding that week to Albury. She says—

“The blame they lay upon themselves for having lived beyond their circumstances and the sense of having injured their children, of whom they are most tender, is a reflection sufficient to bring a person of Lydia’s sense and goodness to the dejected state she is in. I that love and value her most sincerely, and who have largely shared in the best she was ever possest of, bear a great share in her sufferings....”

A “JOHNNY!”

She then goes on to talk of how she and the Duchess of Portland wished to get more preferment for Mr. Botham.

[231]

“I have not seen Harry Legge[409] for a great while, but I know he has a very sincere regard for Lydia, and should hope it was in his power to do them some good, but then Alas! poor Johnny is such a Johnny that there arises all the difficulty of getting them any preferment. Lydia also is so blind to all his defects that the least disrespectful thought of Johnny would make her more than ever miserable.” She continues to say, “Any exchange from Staffordshire must be advantageous to them, for there, as they unfortunately began with entering into all the expenses that attend a great neighbourhood, they could never have lived in the way they intend doing and may do here.... This place is but a mile from them, and I don’t despair of making a very beaten path between us by constant use.”

[409] Harry Legge, second son of the Earl of Dartmouth, was Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of Exchequer; a first cousin of Lady Andover’s.

Mrs. Montagu hastened to Albury, and, from a letter of Lady Andover’s, appears to have not only given good advice for the future, but helped their purse. Harry Legge also paid them a visit, endeavoured to persuade them they could live on £300 a year, gave good advice, but made no promise for the future. Lady Andover says, “He gave them frugal good advice, but no hints or promises to make the discourse be relished; he went away yesterday morning, and I am persuaded when it is in his power he will remember them.” At the end of the letter she says—

“I am quite of your mind concerning Lord Tullibardine,[410] full of wonder that he should chuze to sneak out of life much more like a rebell than resolutely suffering publick execution. I hear of great interest making for tickets to see the executions,[411] and fear humanity is at a very low ebb.”

[410] William Murray, Marquis of Tullibardine; died July 9, 1746.

[411] The Earl of Kilmarnock and Lord Balmerino.

[232]

THE “LITTLE PÈRE”

Mrs. Montagu was much distressed by the poor boy employed in her garden at Sandleford having accidentally fallen into a pond there and been drowned, an account of which she writes to the duchess on August 7. In this letter she begs the duchess to send the “Little Père,” as he was fondly called (Dr. Courayer), to stay with her, from Bullstrode, where he had been domiciled some time. At the same time she asks for two peacocks, “After asking for Dr. Courayer to beg your two peacocks, are there in Nature things that differ like this Philosopher and the bird of noise, vanity, and ostentation?” The peacocks were to console a white pea-hen at Sandleford for the loss of her mate, a white peacock, which, together with a quantity of poultry, had been stolen by the bargemen of Newbury. The Montagus sent a party of armed servants to inspect the barges, but only feathers and eggs were discovered. The peacocks were duly conveyed by waggon to the “Windmill,” Slough, whence the Newbury waggoner, Sandy, conveyed them to Sandleford. The duchess, in writing about them, adds, “Lord Cromartie is pardoned; the King sent for my Lady to acquaint him with it. Was not that doing it in the most tender, compassionate manner?”

Mrs. Donnellan was at this time at Tunbridge, at Lord Percival’s house, and Mrs. Montagu jokingly confided her father, Mr. Robinson, who was there, to her care. On August 5 Mrs. Donnellan writes to say of Mr. Robinson, “I can assure you he is in very good widower’s spirits.” She adds, “He has lent me his chariot daily to carry me home at night to Lord Percival’s.” Mrs. Donnellan waited at Tunbridge till the death of her friend, Sir Robert Sutton,[412] which was[233] daily expected; when it took place she accompanied his widow, Lady Sunderland,[413] and his daughter, Miss Sutton, to London.

[412] The Right Hon. Sir Robert Sutton, of Broughton, Lincolnshire.

[413] Wife of Sir Robert Sutton; had been third wife to 4th Earl of Sunderland.

DEATH OF MR. CARTER

Mrs. Botham, having an alarming attack of asthma which caused her six sleepless nights, Mrs. Montagu writes to recommend her Valerian tea, made from the roots. Evidently “Lydia” was not a notable housekeeper, as she also instructs her in the art of keeping a weekly account book, and entering in it every item of expense. The duchess was anxious for the Montagus to go to Bullstrode, but the visit was deferred, as the three younger Robinsons were spending their holidays at Sandleford, and the captain and Morris Robinson expected Mr. and Mrs. Freind there as well. Poor old Mr. Carter, the steward, was just dead of fever, which, it was thought, he caught when on agent’s work at Newcastle, where fever had been rife amongst the unhappy prisoners of the ’45 confined there. He was a great loss to Mr. Montagu, who was contemplating a journey north to place his affairs in young Mr. Edward Carter’s[414] hands. Dr. Conyers Middleton, in a letter from Bath, of September 21, proposes setting out at Michaelmas “with young Frederick” for Sandleford for a few days. Mr. Montagu, accompanied by Mr. Carter, had set out on their northern journey, staying at Newbold Verdon with Mr. James Montagu en route, arriving at Theakstone by October 7.

[414] He was agent to Lord Aylesbury.

On October 12, from Theakstone, Mr. Montagu writes to his wife—

“Mr. Carter has now dispatched what business he had to do for Lord Aylesbury at his courts, and is now at liberty, and on Tuesday morning we design to set[234] out for New Castle. Eryholme we shall take in our way....

“I have now with me Mr. Buckley and Mr. Emerson;[415] amidst all these avocations j have found time to study and profit by the Hurworth Philosopher as much as j proposed, and shall not when j return from Newcastle, have occasion to delay my journey for any further instruction from him. I am glad Dr. Middleton is going to publish, and the rather because you approve of what he has done. It is a fine subject,[416] and none is capable of doing it more justice than he can. I wonder the young Lord Hervey[417] should refuse to deliver up the Doctor’s letters, for it would have been a great loss to the learned world if he could not have retrieved the matter of them as he has done.”

[415] William Emerson, eminent mathematician; author of “Doctrine of Fluxions,” etc.

[416] An account of the Roman Senate. He allowed Mrs. Montagu to read the manuscript.

[417] George William, Baron Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol.

DENTON

On October 19, from Newcastle, Mr. Montagu writes—

“My Dearest,

“Yesterday Mr. Carter and j rid out and view’d Mr. Rogers’ estate of Denton lying upon the river west of this town, a fine tract of land with a fine colliery belonging to it. After we came in Bp. Benson of Gloucester, who had been doing duty for the Bishop of Durham, being at our inn, desir’d the Drawer to present his compliments, and would be glad to see me.... He is a very polite man.... This morning Mr. Bowes[418] came and made me a visit, invited me to Gibside, and proffered me any assistance he could give me. I promised to pay my respects to him and dine with him when j was prepar’d to talk with him about those affairs in which he and Mr. Rogers are concern’d in partnership.... Mr. Rogers’ affairs consist of a great [235]many concerns, particularly in collieries, lying at a great distance from each other, and as they have been neglected, great encroachments have been made which require some pains to detect.”

[418] Mr. George Bowes, owner of Gibside Park, Streatlam Castle, and Hilton Castle, Durham.

LADY PRIMROSE

Early in November Mrs. Montagu visited London to take leave of her two sailor brothers, who were going to China. On the 10th she was to visit Bullstrode. In writing to the duchess on the 2nd she says—

“I am very glad Lady Wallingford has not left Bullstrode, extreamly rejoiced Mrs. Delany is come there, infinitely happy Lady Primrose[419] remains there, and for Mr. Freind I propose much happiness in seeing him.”

[419] Née Anne Drelincourt, wife of 3rd Viscount Primrose. Lord Rosebery says she once sheltered the Pretender.

On November 24, writing to Mr. Montagu, his wife says—

“I wish my brother Morris had done Lord Lovat’s[420] trial; I have great desire to see the Solicitor-General’s speech. As to Sir W. Young and Lord Cooke’s, I heard them perfect, and shall perhaps hardly think them worth further regard and attention. I lost a great deal of Secretary Murray’s speech, which, as it combined an account of the first overtures of the rebellion, I think matter of curiosity.”

[420] He was beheaded April 9, 1747.

The curious remedies of the period are shown in a letter of Mrs. Botham, of November 25, where she says she has been taking Elixir of Vitriol for her asthma, and is now going to try Tar Water, then supposed to be a universal medicine. She adds that the Glebelands, sixty acres in extent at Albury, had been let for £17 a year for thirty years, but as no one bid “Johnny” more, he was now farming it himself, as it provides our family with “grain, fowls, bacon, milk, butter and eggs.”

[236]

In the next letter from Bullstrode, to Mr. Robinson, his daughter says—

“Mrs. Delany tells me Mr. Granville thinks himself very happy in passing some of his hours with you. She says she has great ambition to please you as you are an artist and a connoisseur. She is now copying a portrait of Sacharissa from Vandyck, and I believe it will please you very well.... The Duchess is in better spirits than ever I knew her; time has added accomplishments to her young family, her gardens are much improved, her house is new furnished.”

DR. SHAW

The last letter of the year to the duchess mentions—

“I hear there is going to be published a new comedy by Dr. Hoadley[421] and a tragedy by Mr. Thomson. I have no great expectations of the comedy, for Dr. Hoadley is a sober physician, and must be a kind of comedian malgré lui. As to Mr. Thomson,[422] we know the pitch of his muse, and with what dignity his buskins tread the Stage.” She winds up with “best respects to the huge ‘Godfather of all Shell-fish,’ who, tho’ not so frisky I presume, as nimble as his Seabrother the Leviathan, or his Hornie palfrey the Seahorse, or his lapdog the Porpoise.”

[421] Benjamin Hoadley, born 1706, died 1757. Physician to George II.; wrote “The Suspicious Husband.”

[422] “Tancred and Sigismund.”

This alludes to Dr. Shaw, the traveller, a constant visitor at Bullstrode, and a connoisseur in shells,[423] which the duchess took great delight in collecting.

[423] Vide the Catalogue of the Portland Museum of 1786, in which are hundreds of rare shells.

1747

An undated letter of Mrs. Montagu’s to the Duchess of Portland of 1747 in my collection, alluding to her visit at Bullstrode, is probably the first of that year. She says—

[237]

“I am this instant from the play, where I have been extremely entertained with that most comick of all personages, Sir John Falstaffe; as to Hotspur, he was in a very violent passion in the first act, and I think it is a part not equal to the genius of Garrick.”

Garrick and Quin were this season taking alternate parts. Quin was then playing Falstaffe.

A letter of Mr. Robinson’s of April 25 describes him giving a Drum in London, “4 card tables and others who did not play, and they were all a Kentish Set.... Dr. and Mrs. Middleton are in town, but they talk of going in a fortnight. I will tell you what I think of her when I see you.” This was Dr. Conyers Middleton’s third wife, Anne Powell, whom he had just married, but the exact date I am uncertain of.

YOUNG EDWARD WORTLEY MONTAGU

Two curious letters to Mr. Montagu from his eccentric young cousin, Edward Wortley Montagu, occur next. He was the only son of Mr. Montagu’s first cousin, Edward Wortley Montagu, whose father, Sidney Montagu, was the second son of the great Earl of Sandwich. Sidney Montagu married Anne, daughter and heiress of Sir Francis Wortley, and assumed the name of Wortley. By her he had one son, Edward Wortley Montagu, who married Lady Mary Pierpoint, daughter of Evelyn, Duke of Kingston; they had two children, Edward, born in 1713, and Mary, born 1718, who married John, Earl of Bute. To give young Wortley Montagu’s eccentric life here would take too much space, but the reader will find an epitome of it at the end of this work. In 1745, he was in the Army through the influence of his relation, the Duke of Montagu, had been through the campaign, and was present at the Battle of Fontenoy. He became a prisoner of war, but was shortly before the date of the first letter exchanged, and, coming to England, was[238] given, by the Earl of Chesterfield,[424] a commission to carry a packet of important papers to his relation, Lord Sandwich,[425] being informed of the contents of them in case he was waylaid and robbed. Mr. Montagu had always acted a kind part towards his young cousin, and frequently interceded for him with his father, old Wortley Montagu, in his endless escapades, which were enough to try any parent’s heart.

[424] Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, celebrated politician and author; then Secretary of State.

[425] Then Minister Plenipotentiary to the States General.

ACTION IN HOLLAND

As the letters are of interminable length, I only quote portions of them. In the first, from Harwich, April 22, becalmed en route for the Army, he begs Mr. Edward Montagu to recommend him to the Duke of Montagu as messenger to the Court of Prussia, whither he heard a despatch was to be sent. He alludes to his father having visited Lord Chesterfield to ask about him, as they were not on speaking terms then, though his father was at the same time anxious he should enter Parliament. The second letter is from Ter Goes, May 15, 1747 (N.S.)—

“We sailed from Harwich with the wind contrary, and were two pacquets in company. We were attacked by a privateer of 16 guns and got clear of him after a combat of between four and five hours. As soon as I arrived at Helvoet, I went immediately to the Hague, staid one day there, and then went on to H.R.H.[426] with a pacquet from Lord Sandwich; the moment the Duke saw me he told me I was released, and ordered me to take post and join my regiment. The moment I got to the regiment, I found it retreating from the French, having lost between two and three hundred men and about 10 officers killed or wounded; our Major is among the former. When we got to the seaside we did not[239] find vessels enough to embark us all, so our regiment, as the eldest, embarked the last, but when all Braggs’ and most of the Highlanders were got off, we and the remainder of them were attacked by a body of 1200. They were so well received that they quitted us, after having lost three officers and about twenty-seven men. We lost only one officer and a very few men. Billanders came just then, and we got off very luckily, for had we staid ten minutes longer we should all have been killed or taken, for we were scarce on board when we saw a considerable body march to the ground we had been on....”

[426] The Duke of Cumberland.

Edward Wortley Montagu’s handwriting was excessively neat; his signature, with peculiar flourishes to the “Edward,” is unmistakable when once known.

A dissolution and general election of Parliament took place in June, and Mr. Montagu hastened to Huntingdon for re-election, leaving Mrs. Montagu packing up and removing furniture, etc., from Dover Street to their new house in Hill Street, which was being finished and decorated.

GENERAL ELECTION

In a letter of June 18, from Huntingdon, Mr. Montagu says—

“Yesterday was a day of more business, for we walked the town, where we met with very uncommon success, having met with one negative only. Mr. Wortley[427] the elder came from Peterborough to give us his assistance.... He seems very well pleased with what my Lord has done for his son,[428] and will, j dare say, bring about a perfect reconciliation, tho’ as yet they have not seen one another, nor will till they perhaps may both be in London.

“The day for my election is not yet fixed.... I may, if time should allow, ride over to Cambridge to congratulate Dr. Middleton on his marriage.”

[427] Old Wortley Montagu.

[428] Edward Wortley Montagu.

[240]

HUNTINGDON ELECTION

Lord Sandwich gave Mr. Montagu £500 towards his election expenses. Young Wortley Montagu was trying for Parliament at the same time, and was returned, and Matthew Robinson was seeking election for Canterbury.

On June 23 Mrs. Montagu writes her last letter from Dover Street to her husband: “I am now on the point of leaving this town and my disfurnished house.... Please to send to the Crown Inn for a box, in which I have sent your frock with the gold loops. My brother does not meet with any opposition.”

The Hill Street house being still unfinished, Mrs. Montagu went to Sandleford, accompanied by Mrs. Donnellan, previously securing a room for her husband in town, “my Father’s lodgings at Mrs. Cranwell’s in Shepheard Street, near Red Lion Square.”

On June 30 Mr. Montagu writes—

“My Dearest, it is with great pleasure that j can tell you our election is well over. Everything passed yesterday in the manner one could wish, and there was little of that riot and madness which is the constant concomitant of things of this nature. Captain John Montagu, who represented Mr. Courteney, is yet here on account of a ball which we are this night to have in the Assembly Rooms. My cousin[429] gives great satisfaction in the county. I think his nature to be good as well as his parts, and hope he will be an ornament to his family. I am sure he is very grateful to me. I have invited him to Sandleford.... My Lord Sandwich is entire master both of this town and county. He has so riveted his interest, that j believe nobody will venture to oppose as long as he lives. He is really a very great young man, with great talents, and many amiable qualities.”

[429] Young Edward Wortley Montagu.

On July 8 Mr. Montagu writes from London, having[241] changed his lodging to “Mrs. Barrows at the Golden Fleece” in New Bond Street. He says—

“I left Huntingdon on Fryday in the afternoon, and got to Cambridge between seven and eight in the evening, walked about the Colleges, and then sent for Mr. Branson to enquire about the Canterbury Election. The next morning at eight, j waited on Dr. Middleton and breakfasted and din’d with him and his wife. The Doctor receiv’d me in a very agreeable and friendly manner, ask’d me why j did not the night before take up my lodging with him, press’d my longer stay. He has married a very agreeable, good-natur’d woman, her person is extreamly good, in her prime, must have been very handsome. She seems to have very good sense and a great deal of good nature. She went along with the Doctor and j, and spent an hour or two seeing Dr. Woodward’s Fossils,[430] and afterwards she entertain’d us playing on the Harpsichord, in which she is a considerable proficient; in short, the Doctor seems to have consulted his happiness in what he has done, and j congratulated him upon it in the handsomest manner j could.”

[430] John Woodward, born 1665, died 1728. Geologist; founded a chair of geology at Cambridge.

DR. POCOCKE

Dr. Courayer had now joined the Sandleford party.

“Dr. Pococke[431] and his family dined here yesterday. After dinner we all went to see the Vieux Hermite, who received us at the gate in a manner rather smiling Eastern courtesy and ceremony than rural simplicity; he bow’d to the ground several times, led me in, then accosted the little Père by the title of the Courayer.... Standen asked Mary classical questions, of Dr. Pococke particularly whether he had been on the plains of Pharsalia and of Marathon, and if he had passed the Straits of Thermopylæ. He was overjoyed to hear the Temple[242] of Theseus was entire. Dr. Pococke is a faithful relater of what he has seen, but does not embellish his narrations with any imagination of fancy.”

[431] Rev. Dr. Pococke, born 1704, died 1765. Bishop of Ossory and Meath; author of “Descriptions of the East,” etc.

WEST WOODHAY

Writing to the duchess on July 6, Mrs. Montagu says—

“A few days ago I carried Mrs. Donnellan and the little Père to see Mr. Sloper’s gardens[432] and house at a time when I was assured he was absent on his election, but seeing a man ride up the avenue at the same time, I took it into my head it might be Mr. Sloper, so I did not alight immediately. The housekeeper came to me and asked if I would walk in; I said I should be glad to see the house if Mr. Cibber was not at home; the housekeeper looked aghast, as if she had spoilt a custard or broke a jelly glass; I coloured, Mrs. Donnellan tittered, Dr. Courayer sputtered, half French, half English, and began to search for the case of a spying glass I had dropt in my fright. As my organs of speech rather than of sight, seemed defective, I was little interested for my perspective, but sat in the coach making melancholy reflections on my mistake. Mrs. Donnellan could not compose her countenance, so that we were near a quarter of an hour before we got out of the coach; and after so long a pause I walked into the house, greatly abashed.”

[432] Mr. Sloper lived at West Woodhay House, near Newbury, built by Inigo Jones.

To understand this joke it must be explained that Mrs. Theophilus Cibber,[433] the celebrated actress, was the mistress of Mr. Sloper. She had been forced into marriage with Theophilus Cibber,[434] son of “old Cibber,” the celebrated actor, and her husband, who was a worthless man, had connived at the connection. In a previous[243] letter of Mrs. Montagu’s, of 1744, mention is made of a house at West Woodhay furnished by Mr. Sloper for Mrs. Cibber “entirely in white satin.” A further passage says—

DR. COURAYER

“I believe I could shake your spleen with a description of Dr. Courayer’s figure—when he arrived here from Oxford through a whole day’s rain; but let it suffice that he shone with drops of water like the Diamond ficoides. How his beaver was slouched, his coloured handkerchief twisted, and his small boots stuck to his small legs; how the rain had uncurled his wig, the spleen dejected his countenance, the cramp spoiled his gait! not being much accustomed to riding he was so fatigued and benumbed he could scarce walk, that for so good a Christian he appeared surprizingly like Un Diable boiteux. Mrs. Donnellan and I could not help laughing; with the vivacity of his nation, he fell in with the mirth and helped on the raillery his figure provoked.”

Mr. Montagu was detained in London by much legal business. He tells his wife her father, Mr. Robinson, carries him to Ranelagh. She retorts, “I am very glad my Father carries you to Ranelagh, but tell him I desire he would not make you a coquette, a character I think him a little inclined for.”

[433] Anna Maria Cibber, née Arne, celebrated actress, born 1714, died 1766.

[434] Theophilus Cibber, son of Colley Cibber, actor and dramatist, died 1757.

On July 18 mention is made of Lord Sandwich embarking for the seat of war.

The next letter, July 23, to Mr. Montagu, from young Edward Wortley Montagu, who had been returned Knight of the Shire of Huntingdon, described an election ball. “Our ball last Monday was very brilliant. We had a very elegant supper for near 200 people, and finished by dancing till 6 in the morning.” He mentions “my friend untieing his purse strings with the greatest reluctance, and was very peevish to see so many people at Supper, which he thinks very unwholesome.” This[244] is probably old Wortley, his father. A christening of one of Lady Sandwich’s children had just taken place. Mrs. Montagu was godmother by proxy. “I assure you I wished the real Godmothers had been there instead of the substitutes.” Then stating Lord Sandwich had left so hastily they did not know if he had arranged for venison for the races, he begs Mr. Montagu to ask the Duke of Montagu to send him two bucks, “to be here by Tuesday.”

The Duchess of Portland, writing on July 24, mentions “Lady Bute is with me; she is a most agreeable friend in all respects.” This was Edward Wortley Montagu’s only sister, Mary, who was born in 1718, whilst her father was ambassador to the Porte. She had married in 1736, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.

A HIGH AND DRY RESIDENCE

A long letter of Mrs. Montagu’s in reply to the duchess contains some amusing descriptions of the trio—herself, Mrs. “Donn,” and the little Père’s expeditions from Sandleford—

“Yesterday we went to see a very extraordinary place. A gentleman has built a house on the summit of a prodigious hill, where there is not a drop of water nor a stick of wood; he has planted some fir trees which are watered every day by carts that bring the water about three miles; he has sunk a well to the centre of the earth, from whence some laborious horses draw him as much water as may wash his face, or in a liberal hour supply his tea kettle. The winds plays about his house in so riotous a manner, that a person must poise themselves in a very exact manner to maintain their ground and walk on two legs with an erect countenance as it is the glory and pride of human nature to do.... The first house this gentleman built was in a bottom, where the ground was all wet and marshy, overgrown with willows and alders and extremely peopled with frogs; there he found himself ill at ease,[245] and no doubt but in time would have died of a dropsy, as I now fear he will be destroyed by a wind cholick.

“A few days ago we were at Miss Lisle’s wood and grotto; the work of 9 sisters, who in disposition as well as number, bear some resemblance to the Muses. On Monday we think of going to Lady Fane’s[435] grotto.[436] Mrs. Donnellan and I are going to make a shell frame for a looking glass. I think a looking glass to be the properest for the first work, as everybody will be sure to find something they like in it.”

[435] Mary Stanhope, widow of Charles, Viscount Fane, of Basildon; once Maid-of-Honour to Queen Anne.

[436] At Basildon, still called “The Grotto.”

LADY FANE’S GROTTOES —
THE AXLETREE

In the next letter of August 23 is the description of Lady Fane’s grotto—

“The situation is, like most grottoes, placed where a grotto would not be looked for: it joins to the house. Now having told its only defect, I will go on to the rest. The first room is fitted up entirely with shells, the sides and ceiling in beautiful mosaic, a rich cornice of flowers in baskets and cornucopias, and the little yellow sea snail is so disposed in shades as to resemble knots of ribbon which seem to tye up some of the bunches of flowers. There is a bed for the Hermit, which is composed of rich shells, and so shaded that the curtain seems folded and flowing.... The room adjoining it is the true and proper style for a grotto; it is composed of rough rock work in a very bold taste, the water falls down it into a cold bath. This grotto is about 50 yards from the Thames, to which the descent is very precipitate. From the Shell Room you have no advantage of the Thames, from the other room you have a view of it. The House to which this grotto is joined is a small habitation where Lady Fane used to pass a good deal of time. Lord Fane’s seat[437] is about a mile from it: it has not indeed the view of the Thames, but is finely situated in a bower of Beech Wood, and before it a[246] pretty prospect. From the Grotto we went to a Wood by the Thames, where we sat and eat our cold dinner very comfortably. In the afternoon we walked up a hill which commands a fine prospect, the Thames winds about in the manner it does at Cliefden. There is a want of wood, as I think the country rather flat, but the prospect is very extensive; you see Oxford and Reading, one on the right, the other on the left hand. In our road thither one of the wheels took fire and burnt thro’ the axletree.... A wheelwright was apply’d to but he had been carousing at a christening, and was not in that degree of sober sense requisite to make even an axletree. A Justice of the peace whom the King had knighted lived hard by; to him we applyed for a coach, as it was part of his office to send vagrants to the place of their abode. Alas! his coach, which contrary to other things used to rest on the week days and work only on the Sabbath, had not been licensed, to the great inconvenience of his lady and the grief of Carter John, who one day in the week was a coachman.... What was to be done? The sun was declining, we were 20 miles from home.... A good inn with the sign of the Blue Boar, Green Dragon, or Red Lion would have pleased us better than all we had seen, but—Alas! the only village within reach offered us a homely lodging under thatched roofs. We were a party of seven, and might have stormed the village with more ease than the French can Bergen-op-Zoom, but the plunder w’d not have given us a supper, or the place afforded us a lodging. But on finding the uncoached Justice was married to Sir Robert Sutton’s niece,[438] an acquaintance of Mrs. Donnellan’s, she sent her compliments, told our distress, and we were kindly received that night. The wheelwright slept himself sober, the next day made us an axletree, and we came home laughing at our adventures.”

[437] Basildon Park.

[438] Lady Rush.

SOUTHAMPTON

The Montagus had projected a tour to Southampton[247] for some time, and towards the end of August they set out, accompanied by Dr. Courayer, leaving Jack and William Robinson at Sandleford. Writing to the duchess on September 22, Mrs. Montagu says—

“We went from hence to Winchester, where we saw the Cathedral, attending Service on Sunday; it is a very neat Gothick building in so good repair that time seems rather to have made it venerable than old. The Choir is very handsome, there are many old monuments. Several of the Saxon Kings have their bones collected into a sort of Trunk.... William Rufus is interred there too, in a kind of stone chest; William of Wickham and Cardinal Beaufort bear their ensigns of the Prelatick order on their tombs, which are very handsome; but let us leave the pride of the dead for the luxury of the living, and go on to Mr. Dummer’s.[439] The gardens are pretty, and there is a fine lawn before the house, from whence there is a rich prospect and a distant sight of the river at Southampton, where we arrived pretty late in the evening. The next morning we surveyed the town, which I think is very pretty, but what most pleased me there, was the prospect from a little Round Tower from which one has the finest view imaginable, the sea and river most encompass it.... From hence we went to Mount Bevis;[440] your Grace knows it so well I shall not describe it.... What a noble Bason does the river form at the end of the Bowling Green! how fine a prospect from the Mount! Lord Peterborough[441] says in a letter to Mr. Pope in reference to Mount Bevis, ‘I confess the lofty Sacharissa at Stowe, but am content with my little Amoret.’ His Lordship had great reason to be content, for tho’ Stowe, like a court beauty, is adorn’d and ornamented[248] with great expence, the native graces of Mount Bevis surprize and charm the beholder, and have an effect that art can never reach.... We spent a good deal of time in these charming gardens: went from them to Lyndhurst, one of the King’s houses in the New Forest, which house the Duke of Bedford lends to Mr. Medows.”[442]

[439] Cranbury Park, near Hursley.

[440] The seat of the great Earl of Peterborough, now incorporated into the town above Bar.

[441] Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, born 1658, died 1735. Soldier and diplomatist.

[442] Brother-in-law of Mr. Montagu.

From three other letters, to Sarah Robinson, Mrs. Donnellan, and Dr. Freind, I give paragraphs. Speaking of Mount Bevis, she says—

“In a room on this Mount, Pope used to write, and I imagine he wrote his ‘Universal Prayer’ there, for the unbounded prospect leads the mind to the Great Author of all things, and to say to Him, ‘Whose Temple has all space, &c.’ There is a little recess in the wood where he used to study, and here perhaps he meditated his satires, for we are most apt to blame the crowd when we ourselves are out of the Tumult.”

THE NEW FOREST —
WILTON —  SAVERNAKE

At Lyndhurst the Medowses took their guests to see the Forest—

“saw Burleigh and Bolder Lodges, the one belongs to the Duke of Bolton, the other to Lord Delawarre. Saw the Forest, where there are (after great depredations), still some fine trees remaining.... Went one day to Hurst Castle, which commands a full view of the Isle of Wight; we dined on our cold loaf in the room where King Charles was prisoner; it is a neat, strong castle but small—Harry Bellardine is governor of it. Another day we were carried to Beaulieu, a seat of the Duke of Montagu’s, the wood and water make it the finest summer situation imaginable. The house was part of an old Abbey,[443] and there are traces of the Monastery that show it was large. We saw a fine prospect of the River and Isle of Wight from a place called Exbury. From Lyndhurst we went to Salisbury; on the Sunday[249] we went to the Cathedral and heard an excellent sermon from the Bishop of Lincoln. We received great civilities from the Bishop of Salisbury[444] and Mrs. Sherlock. I cannot describe Wilton,[445] it exceeds all that poetry and painting can represent. A fine lawn leads you to a charming river, on which there is a bridge, and such a bridge![446]... What sort of Bridge, say you? Why such a bridge as the gods would build to lead the souls of the Blessed from Lethe to Elysium if Charon would permit it. This leads to a fine hill covered with Nature’s verdant carpet adorned with fine plantations.... We descended from this hill and crossed the river again over another elegant building, and so returned to the house. The apartments are very noble, the Statues and busts are famous.... The rooms are very fine, and there is one which exceeds any I ever saw and which has in it the fine family piece by Vandyck; it really exceeded my expectation, the figures are so finely painted, their attitudes are gestures and their looks are speech; there are many other fine pictures. From Salisbury we directed our course to Stone Henge, which is an astonishing thing.... Thence we went to Amesbury,[447] where great improvements are making. There is a little river which winds about so as to make the place appear almost an island. There are three pretty Bridges, one in the manner of a Chinese house. The Duke of Queensborough has planted the hill very prettily. The house was a hunting box, built by Inigo Jones, the front handsome, the inside very small, only one fine room.

“We got that night to Marlborough, early enough to walk in Lord Hertford’s garden.... Lord Hertford has made a pretty grotto.

“From Marlborough we took our route to Lord[250] Bruce’s,[448] the access to it is very noble, avenues planted or woods cut thro’ for a mile and a half before you reach the house. The house contains a great number of fine rooms richly gilt and adorned with handsome chimney pieces; there are many family pictures and some very good ones....

“Dr. Courayer is still here.

“My brother Tom was here three weeks. The Westminsters[449] are here, and they are admitted at Cambridge, so are now very happy.”

[443] Founded in 1204 for Cistercians.

[444] Thomas Sherlock, born 1678, died 1761: afterwards Bishop of London.

[445] The Earl of Pembroke’s.

[446] A Palladian bridge. Here Sir Philip Sidney wrote his “Arcadia.”

[447] Belonged then to the Duke of Queensborough, the patron of Gay.

[448] Savernake Forest House.

[449] John and William Robinson.

DR. COURAYER’S LETTER

I copy a letter of Dr. Courayer’s here—

“November, 1747.

“Dear Madam,

“C’est sans doute un mauvais Genie qui a fait trotter ma lettre par toute l’Angleterre, au lieu de l’addresser directement à Sandleford, et cela je pense dans le dessein de me mettre de mauvaise humeur en vous soupconnant d’indifference, ou de m’inquieter par des allarmes sur votre santé. Votre reponse a remedié au mal, et a exorcisé le mauvais esprit qui s’étoit ingeré de vouloir nous broüiller ou nous refroidir, mais qui n’a fait que decouvrir sa malice, sans rien produire de ce qu’il avoit eu en vüe. J’espere que cette lettre ci ne fera pas tant de circuits.

“Je vous felicite de la continuation de la belle saison. Nous en avons eu notre part à Londres, et Dieu qui, comme vous le dites, fait luire son soleil sur les injustes comme sur les justes a moins consulté nos iniquités que sa misericorde. Je ne laisse pas d’etre un peu scandalisé de vos reproches. Croyez-vous donc qu’il n’y ait de saints que dans les villages, et nous mettez vous tous au rang des réprouvés? A la verité

“‘Le monde a de fort grands defauts,
Ne croyez pas que je l’excuse.
Il est mechant, leger et faux,
Il trompe, il seduit, il abuse.
Il est auteur de mille maux,
Mais tel qu’il est, il nous amuse.’

[251]

Ainsi ne soyez pas surprise, si je ne suis pas aussi ennemi de la ville que vous pretendez l’être. Quand votre sort vous y ramenera, vous changerez de morale comme de demeure, et en quittant les Penates de Sandleford pour ceux de Londres, ce changement de place vous fera changer d’Idolatrie, et vous convaincra de l’injustice de vos declamations. Ce n’est pas après tout que je condamne votre goût pour la campagne.

“‘La solitude est belle en vers,
On est charmé de sa peinture.
Mais elle a de facheux revers.
Quelque bien qu’on soit, le temps dure,
Et je vois dans cet univers,
Qu’on aime à changer de posture.’

“Je vous suis très obligé de l’offre que vous me faites d’ecrire ma vie, au lieu de mon Oraison funèbre. Mon amour propre trouve à se satisfaire dans ce Projet, et ce sera une chose egalement nouvelle et curieuse de voir la vie d’un Philosophe écrite de la main d’une Dame, qui n’approuve ni ses maximes ni ses inclinations. Mais quoi qu’il en puisse etre c’est trop d’honneur pour moi d’avoir une telle historiographe pour ne pas accepter votre offre; et quand bien meme j’aurois à essuyer quelque trait de satyre parmi les Eloges, je ne pourrois que vous savoir bon gré d’avoir voulu vous exercer sur un sujet dont le principal merite seroit d’avoir passé par vos mains.

“Pour dire tout le mal que vous dites de vous même, vous avez sans doute des raisons que je n’ai pas pour le croire; et tant que je les ignorerai, je ne puis pas vous voir par d’autres yeux que par les miens. Mais puisque vous vous accusez d’etre si vaine, je dois vous taire ce que je pense de vous, de peur d’augmenter encore la vanité dont vous vous dites coupable. Restons chacun dans l’idée que nous avons, vous en serez plus humble, sans que je sente diminuer pour vous mon amitié et mon estime.

“Le Duc et la Duchesse de Portland sont venus ici pour la naissance du Roi. Ils repartirent hier pour[252] Bullstrode, où je vous conseillerois volontiers lorsque Mr. Montagu vous aura quittée d’aller passer quelque temps. Vous y auriez un peu plus de compagnie, et la votre ne gateroit rien à la leur.

“Mrs. Donnellan sera ici demain ou le jour d’après. J’ai toujours regardé la promesse qu’elle vous avoit faite comme un compliment sans consequence, et je n’ai pu m’imaginer qu’elle put revenir de King’s Weston qu’en compagnie, ce qui lui ôteroit la liberté de vous voir.

“Je suis très obligé à Mr. Montagu et à Miss Robinson de leur souvenir. Mes amitiés à l’un et à l’autre. Independamment de ce que je leur dois, il suffit qu’ils vous appartiennent, pour qu’ils me soient chers.

“Voici, Madame, une longue lettre. Peut etre vous ennuyera-t-elle? En ce cas jettez la au feu avant que d’en achever la lecture. Une autre fois je serai plus court, et me contenterai de vous dire que je vous aime autant que vous le meritez, c’est à dire beaucoup, et que je suis très sincerement tout à vous.

“Le Courayer.

“À Londres, ce 3 Novembre, 1747.”

MATTHEW ROBINSON’S ELECTION

Matthew Robinson had been returned member for Canterbury with little opposition. In writing to her father to press his visiting at Sandleford, Mrs. Montagu begs him to leave his canvasses, but bring his painting materials. “We will provide all possible conveniences for your work, and you may create immortal plants, clouds that will never dissolve in rain, nor be chased by wind, and suns that shine larger than in the miraculous days of Joshua.” She also thanks him for Hoyle’s book on Chess, and Taylor’s on Perspective, and some drop medicine called “Devil’s Drops,” which Mrs. Montagu alludes to as having “a quality that makes one less fit for conversation than the Vapours themselves!”

[253]

Matthew Robinson writes from Trinity Hall, Cambridge, to his father as to his young brothers William and John. William was at St. John’s, and John at Trinity Hall. Both matriculated most creditably. William[450] was said to be the best scholar of the year of his college, and John’s tutor had a high opinion of his talent. Matthew addresses his father “Honoured Sir.”

[450] William became soon an intimate friend of the poet Gray.

LORD LYTTELTON’S “MONODY”

Parliament being summoned for November 10, Mr. Montagu set out, but very unwillingly, as his wife had been suffering much from “spasms of the stomach,” a complaint she was much plagued with. In a letter of November 14 he promises to send a pamphlet on Lord Lovat’s trial, and Mr. Lyttelton’s verses. This latter was the celebrated Monody which he wrote after the death of his first wife, née Lucy Fortescue, who had died on January 19 of this year, leaving him with two children—Thomas, afterwards 2nd Baron Lyttelton, and Lucy, who married Arthur, Viscount Valentia.

Mr. Montagu, accompanied by his neighbour, Mr. Herbert, of Highclere, inspected his new house in Hill Street, which was then being ornamented, and with which he was not pleased. They then proceeded to see Lord Chesterfield’s house, which was nearing completion. He says “his principal apartment, which is on the ground floor, will be very magnificent.”

Mrs. Donnellan writes on November 17—

“I went with Mrs. Southwell[451] on Saturday to King Lear to see Garrick and Mrs. Cibber, both performed extremely well. I think he took the part of the old testy madman better than the Hero, and Mrs. Cibber is the soft, tender Cordelia in perfection. I am only provoked[254] that they have altered Shakespear’s plain, sincere, artless creation into a whining, love-sick maid. I would have an Act of Parliament, at least of Council, that nobody should add a word to Shakespear, for it makes sad patchwork....

“I have read Mr. Lyttelton’s ‘Monody;’ ’tis moving and seems to speak the feeling heart.... Madame ‘Gran’(ville) desires her duty, she is sorry you are not in town, there was a charming execution yesterday—two smugglers and a Jew, and a fine view from her windows.”

[451] Wife of the Right Hon. Edward Southwell.

Mrs. Montagu’s health being extremely delicate, she was ordered to Bath, accompanied by her husband and sister. They stayed at Mrs. Purdie’s, Orange Court. In a letter of December 28, to Mrs. Donnellan, she says—

“The day after I came I consulted Dr. Hartley;[452] he gave me comfortable words, said mine was a Bath case, would be cured by the waters, but medicines were improper and dangerous, and neither ordered bolus, draughts, or electuary, or any of the warlike stores of the faculty. The waters do not disagree with me, nor have I been ill since I came in any violent degree. My spirits are not in the best order, which you will not wonder at when I tell you my brother Tom[453] has a miliary fever; Dr. Wilmot does not perceive any danger at present, but cannot pronounce him safe till the fever leaves him.”

[452] Dr. David Hartley, born 1705, died 1757; physician, philosopher, and writer.

[453] Her second brother, admitted to Lincoln’s Inn, April 14, 1730.

THOMAS ROBINSON’S DEATH

Alas! poor Tom died on December 29; his hitherto brilliant career being cut short, my grandfather, Matthew, 4th Baron Rokeby, says, “by a cold caught by being overheated in a pleading before the House of Commons.” He was a young man so promising in his profession that the then Chief Justice of the King’s Bench exclaimed,[255] “We have lost the man in England for a point of law.” His treatise[454] on Gavelkind still continues to be the standard book on that subject. In sprightliness of wit and fertility of invention he much resembled his sister. He left on Mrs. Montagu’s recollection “an indelible impression of admiration, and a regret which no subsequent acquisition in friendship could sufficiently compensate.”

[454] “The Common Law of Kent,” or “The Customs of Gavelkind, with an Appendix concerning Borough English,” 1st edition, 1741; 2nd at a date I have not been able to ascertain; 3rd in 1822; 4th in 1858. Edited by J. D. Norwood, of Ashford.

1748

In writing to Mrs. Donnellan soon after, she says—

“My poor brother’s virtues and capacity gave me the fairest hopes of seeing him enjoy life with great advantages; a fatal moment has destroyed those hopes, but it must be length of time that can make me submit to the cruel disappointment; he was an honour and happiness to us all, and I never thought of him without pleasure.”

BATH

In a letter to Mrs. Donnellan from Bath, dated February 6, the following passage occurs: “The Coffee House is really grown sprightly. We meet Mrs. Pitt,[455] Mrs. G. Trevor, Mrs. Grosvenor, Lady Lucy Stanhope, and a few more, and we are often very merry, and sit round the fire after other people go away.”[456] The Freinds were at Bath, but their little boy Robert being inoculated for the smallpox kept the cousins apart.

[455] Anne Pitt, sister of Mr. Pitt, Maid-of-Honour to Queen Caroline.

[456] The “Coffee House” apparently adjoined the Rooms, as is shown in the reproduction of Nixon’s original water-colour drawing of such a scene as Mrs. Montagu describes, now in Mr. Broadley’s valuable Bath Collection.

Her spirits reviving, Mrs. Montagu, writing to the duchess, says, “Whisk and the noble game of E. O. employ the evening; three glasses of water, a toasted[256] roll, a Bath cake, and a cold walk the mornings,” but the regimen agreed with her, and she accompanied Mr. Montagu to Sandleford on May 1, leaving Sarah Robinson, who was suffering from headache, with her friend, Miss Grinfield, at Bath. From this period dates the extreme intimacy which grew up between Miss Robinson and Lady Barbara Montagu, sister of George Montagu Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, who was then living at Bath, and invited Miss Robinson to stay with her.

The Hill Street house not being completed, Mrs. Knight,[457] a cousin of the family, lent Mrs. Montagu her house in Golden Square, London. Miss Grinfield, just mentioned, was just made a dresser to the princesses, daughters of George II.

[457] Née Robinson.

“Miss Grinfield is in waiting.... The place is enough to weary a person of the strongest constitution; their Highnesses rise early and go to bed late; are waited upon by the dressers at dinner. Princess Caroline[458] has one to read to her continually; poor Nancy is to have only the £100 per annum, and no cloathes till one goes off.”

[458] Married 1766, to King Christian VII. of Denmark.

MISS M. ANSTEY

In the same letter Mrs. Montagu mentions Miss M. Anstey[459] had been staying with her, but her parents insisted on her returning to them to help furnish Trumpington, near Cambridge, a property they had just come into.

[459] Sister of the author of the “New Bath Guide.”

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

From the Middletons, Mrs. Montagu writes to Mrs. Donnellan—

“Cambridge, June 15.

“Dear Madam,

“As I date my letter from the modern capital of the Muses, you will perhaps expect that I should [257]send you some strains of immortal poetry, but I have not yet met with any such thing, and must rather give an account of the Buildings than the literary works of the University. I had some pleasure in the recollection of the easy careless years of infancy, some part of which I passed here with the most tender of relations, a fond grandmother; in comparison of whose indulgence all other indulgence is severity, as you must be sensible if ever you had the greatest of infant comforts, a grandmother. So much to my particular circumstances; then, to the general situation of the University. The Colleges do not in general, stand so as to give ornament to the town, as those of Oxford, but if the town is the worse for it, the Colleges are the better, as they open to the fields, and from thence receive and give a fine prospect. King’s College, Clare Hall, and Trinity Library, and the finest of Gothick buildings—King’s College Chapel, makes a beautiful appearance from the public walks. Trinity College is a most noble thing; the Quadrangle is a sixth part bigger than that of Christchurch in Oxford. The Library is very handsome, and esteemed one of the finest rooms in the World. In the Library there is preserved the skeleton of a gentleman who left his bones as a monument of his regard to mankind on purpose to instruct even the most superficial observer of the formation of the human body, and at the same time designed that his name, like his body, might be snatched from the grave; how various are the roads to Fame! Some seek them by grand and pompous obsequies; others expect them for not having Christian burial, and hope to be remembered by a magnificent tomb, or the want of a coffin. I always thought vanity the very marrow of a human creature, and it sticks to them even to their very bones.... What gives me the greatest pleasure is the seeing Dr. Middleton married to a person[460] who seems formed to make him happy; she is very well bred and agreeable, has a most obliging temper, likes his manner of life, shows him the greatest regard,[258] and among her accomplishments I must take notice of her playing on the Harpsichord in great perfection.

“I found two brothers very well, and extremely happy in their situation.”

[460] Anne Powell, his third wife.

RICHARDSON’S “CLARISSA”

She then continues that, Master Knight having taken smallpox, she cannot go back to Golden Square, but into two bedrooms in her unfinished house in Hill Street. This sentence shows that Mrs. Donnellan was a friend of Mr. Samuel Richardson, the great author: “I wish you much pleasure with the nightingales at North End, and you have a good right to be of so harmonious a society.” North End, near Fulham, was Mr. Richardson’s[461] country house. He had published “Pamela” in 1740, and “Clarissa Harlowe,” which was to make such a lasting sensation, was published in this spring of 1748.

[461] Samuel Richardson, born 1689, died 1761. Novelist and publisher; wrote “Sir Charles Grandison,” etc., etc.

PEACE OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE

Mrs. Montagu writes to her sister, who was still at Bath on June 25, from Hill Street, where, as she states, everything is in great confusion, “the middle floors not laid.” Mrs. Dettemere, her lady’s-maid, had just lost her husband, whom she had not seen for years, but loved dearly. She appears to have been a poor lady, but the cause of her living separate from her husband does not appear. Dr. Shaw had been consulted as to a return of Mrs. Montagu’s spasms of the stomach, and recommended the extraordinary remedy of “sweating.” This was to remain in bed for days and weeks in flannel sheets, which at midsummer could have hardly been endured. She says—

“He assures me I shall neither be sick or nervous: after my sweating fit is over, I am to drink asses’ milk, ride on horseback, and grow fat and jolly. I am now thinner than ever, so the reformation will be greater if I grow fat.... My brother Robinson had a very pleasant[259] journey to Aix, where I daresay he will have a great deal of pleasure. There will be a great concourse of people of all nations, and Lord and Lady Sandwich are extremely obliging to him....

“Mr. Flower sent your jumps[462] yesterday; I did not pay for them on account of his raising the price.”

[462] A sort of stays.

The Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle had been signed in March, Lord Sandwich and Sir Thomas Robinson[463] being the English plenipotentiaries. Lady Sandwich, going out to join her husband, persuaded Mr. Matthew Robinson, who was a great friend, to escort her to Aix-la-Chapelle.

[463] “Short Sir Thomas Robinson,” called in contradistinction to “Long” Sir T. Robinson, Mrs. Montagu’s cousin.

In order to while away the weary hours of lying in bed at Sandleford, Miss Anstey and Dettemere had to read aloud to Mrs. Montagu Admiral Anson’s book, “A Voyage round the World,” recently published. Sarah Robinson designated it “as the best receipt book in England as far as dressing turtles and some Indian animals can reach.”

Mrs. Donnellan had lost her stepfather, Mr. Percival, on April 26 of this year. He had long been in declining health. She was very anxious about the remedy Mrs. Montagu was taking, and demanded constant news. She recommends Townsend’s “Translation of the Conquest of Mexico” to be read to Mrs. Montagu. Her mother, she writes, had taken a house for the summer months “a little beyond the walls of Kensington gardens, and I have a key to the nearest door.”

Dr. Shaw is mentioned as going away on his travels, leaving no directions for his patients, and the Duchess of Portland as giving him £600 to enable him to travel and find her shells and curiosities, for which she had an insatiable appetite.

[260]

Sarah Robinson continued at Bath with Lady Bab Montagu, and hints are thrown out in some of the letters of an attachment springing up between her and Mr. G. L. Scott, mentioned before. Captain Pigott, an admirer of Sarah’s, is described as “dressed according to custom in a tied wig fresh powdered, a bloom colour cloth coat, laced most magnificently with gold, and bloom-coloured stockings; he visits our door continually, but all the consequence is a little expense in chair hire to him.”

Two people with immense trains of attendants are noticed as then at Bath, the Earl of Harrington[464] and Earl of Hertford,[465] the latter “never stirs without three footmen, and his very chair men have shoulder knots.”

[464] William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington; Viceroy of Ireland.

[465] 15th Earl, afterwards Duke of Somerset.

SPA

Three letters of Matthew Robinson to his sister from the Continent whilst with Lord and Lady Sandwich contain a few interesting paragraphs—

“After my last letter we set out for Spa, whither we travelled through the Dutchy of Limburg, a most beautiful country to look at, and among the rest we saw to the left the Forest of Arden where Jacques moralized, but though it is about 80 miles in circumference, by means of bad government and its revenues being carried to its Princess, the Empress, to Vienna its capital, Limburg is a pitiful village and in the whole Dutchy there are not above 4 or 5 other villages, still more contemptible. At Spa we lived a very merry life, and were entertained by an Hungarian Prince and other German nobility. Tokay and other very good wines gave us a taste how very fine a country Hungary must be, but our scheme was unluckily cut short in the middle by Lord Sandwich having a sudden call to Aix. Upon our return Sir Thomas Robinson was here, who at his Lordship’s request is joined with him as second plenipotentiary; he says he is an old familiar of my[261] Father’s, and inquires much after him. Our life here is as it used to be. The Sunday before last there was a most magnificent gala, a dinner, supper and ball at the French ambassador’s on account of St. Louis’ day, where I assure you I was much charm’d with the unaffected liveliness and gaiety of the French.... Last Sunday we had a second part of the same comedy by the Dutch on account of the Prince of Orange’s birthday; besides a dinner and supper, there was a ball at the Maison de Ville, which of itself is very magnificent, and was finely decorated by Mr. Vanharen. Lady Sandwich both in her journey and here has often wished for your company.... To-morrow morning I set out for Bonn upon the Rhine, and we go from thence all down the Rhine to the Hague.”

THE HAGUE

Matthew and a Mr. Gee left Lord and Lady Sandwich at Aix. Young Edward Wortley Montagu was acting-secretary to Lord Sandwich. From the Hague he writes in October—

“Since I wrote to you last I have taken a long and pleasant journey up the Rhine among the palaces of the four Electors, from thence I am come to the Hague, about 10 days ago. From the neatness of the town, the incomparable walks and rides about it, its rendezvous of Ministers and politicks, it is a very agreeable place to live in. The Ministers here by turns hold assemblies of the men at their houses, morning and evening, and I have dined at the house of one or other of them almost every day. The court is well filled and well attended, but as formal as our own.... The most extraordinary person here is Mr. Grounen, the Father of Mrs. Trevor, wife of our envoy, who has knowledge and sense enough to be mighty well acquainted with the History of Europe, and to be supposed by some people to be writing the History of his own times, to have constantly every noon about him a resort of the Ministers and best company here, to be the center of all their[262] news, and to be the particular and intimate acquaintance of several great men, and among the rest the correspondent of Lord Chesterfield, and yet at the same time to be so mad as for fear of infection literally not to touch any human creature, neither his servants, his children, nor even his second wife!”

DEATH OF MR. JAMES MONTAGU

Mr. James Montagu, half-brother to Mr. Edward Montagu, had for some time been deaf, and was now in a very dropsical state; he now fell very ill. Mr. and Mrs. Montagu nursed him tenderly till the end, which took place on October 30. From letters of Mrs. Medows to Mrs. Montagu one learns the brothers had not been brought up together; hence the blow was less acutely felt. He appears to have died in London. His estate of Newbold Verdon in Leicestershire was left to Wortley Montagu. Mrs. Medows says, “I can’t help feeling a little hurt that Newbold goes where it should not, but I really believe Sandleford is a pleasanter place to live in.”

In a letter to Sarah, Mrs. Montagu says—

“Mr. Montagu is now returned from the melancholy ceremony of opening the will. My brother has left us a handsome legacy, and also all his plate and jewels, which last, he told the person who made the codicil, would be proper for me, as I had refused any when I married, perhaps his brother would forget them. I hear the plate is valued at £1500, and the jewels, they say, are fine, but I never saw them. I esteem the good will and kindness of the donor more than ever I shall the glittering gems.”

The two sailor brothers had just returned from the East Indies.

“Charles grown from a fine boy to a very clever man, he is improved in all respects.... My house looks like an Indian warehouse: I have got so many[263] figures, jars, etc., etc., you would laugh at the collection, my gown I brought out of the ship buckled under my jumps, it is very pretty and the work extremely neat. The Captain has brought China, Lutestrings, taffeties and Paduasoys, they wear so well, but the colors are not as good as those of our manufacture.”

PRICE OF TEA

Tea was also brought, and Dr. Conyers Middleton had 4 lbs. at 16s. a pound. He had just brought out his “Free Enquiry into the Miraculous Powers.” Matthew Robinson writes of it on December 17, “Middleton will tell you there is no belief to be given to any of the miracles related by the Fathers, Hume[466] says that there is no belief to be given to miracles related by any man whatsoever.” And thus end the letters of 1748.

[466] David Hume, born 1711, died 1776; philosopher and historian.

[264]

## CHAPTER VIII.

1749–1751 — SOCIETY IN LONDON AND AT TUNBRIDGE WELLS — BEGINNING OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH GILBERT WEST, AND RESIDENCE AT HAYES.
1749

An account of a subscription masquerade given at Ranelagh in May opens the letters of 1749. My grandfather[467] by mistake put this in 1751. It succeeded a magnificent fête and masquerade given on May 1 in celebration of the Peace.

[467] Vide Horace Walpole’s letter to Sir H. Mann, vol. ii. p. 292.

Mrs. Montagu writes to her sister at Bath on May 8—

“I am ashamed that I have been so remiss in writing to my dear sister, but business and amusements have poured in torrents upon me. I was some days preparing for the subscription masquerade, where I was to appear in the character of the Queen Mother,[468] my dress white satin, fine new point for tuckers, kerchief and ruffles, pearl necklace and earrings, and pearls and diamonds on the head, and my hair curled after the Vandyke picture. Mrs. Trevor[469] and the Lady Stanhopes’[470] adjusted my dress, so that I was one day in my life well dressed.

“Miss Charlotte Fane was Rubens’ wife, and looked [265]extremely well; we went together. Miss Chudleigh’s[471] dress or rather undress was remarkable. She was Iphigenia for the sacrifice, but so naked, the High Priest might easily inspect the entrails of the victim. The Maids of Honour, not of maids the strictest, were so offended they would not speak to her.

[468] Henrietta Maria.

[469] Mrs. John Morley Trevor, née Montagu.

[470] Daughters of 1st Viscount Stanhope; their mother was a Pitt.

[471] Maid-of-Honour, and secretly married to Viscount Bristol, afterwards Duchess of Kingston.

“Pretty Mrs. Pitt[472] looked as if she came from heaven, but was only on her road thither in the habit of a chanoiness. Many ladies looked handsome, and others rich, there was as great a quantity of Diamonds as the town could produce. Mrs. Chandler was a starry night, the Duchess of Portland had no jewels, and was miserably dressed. Lord Sandwich made a fine Hussar. Mr. Montagu has made me lay by my dress to be painted in when I see Mr. Hoare again. His picture is thought like, but the face too full for my thin jaws. I staid till 5 o’clock in the morning at the masquerade, and was not tired, but a glass of your champagne and water gave me a fit of the cholick the next day, and I have never been well since, but I had better luck than Miss Conway[473] who was killed by a draught of Lemonade she drank there....

“I suppose you have read Lord Bolingbroke’s new work,[474] as it is short we idle ones in London can find time to peruse it.”

[472] Née Penelope Atkyns, wife of George Pitt, afterwards Lord Rivers.

[473] Miss Jenny Conway, sister of Lord Conway.

[474] “The Idea of a Patriot King.”

Mrs. Montagu paid a visit to the Bothams at Albury soon after this. From the letters it appears Mr. Matthew Robinson was pressing a suit on Miss Godschall, a rich heiress living near Albury, but it came to nothing.

In June, Mrs. Montagu, being recommended to drink the Tunbridge waters, was accompanied by Lady Sandwich, who was also ordered there; Mr. Montagu remaining on business for a while in London, Sarah[266] Robinson still living with Lady Bab Montagu at Bath.

A letter from Lady Talbot welcoming them to stay with her till they found a house now appears. She was the wife of William, 2nd Baron Talbot, afterwards Earl Talbot and Baron Dinevor, née Mary de Cardonnel, a great heiress, who had been married at the age of fifteen! An amiable, affectionate person, and a great friend of Mrs. Montagu’s. Mrs. Montagu writes for her chariot to be sent to her; she and Lady Sandwich having performed the journey in Lady Sandwich’s post-chaise,[475] then a new vehicle.

[475] The four-wheeled post-chaise invented by Mr. Jethro Tull.

JOHN, DUKE OF MONTAGU

They stayed three weeks drinking the waters, during which Lady Talbot had a bad fall from her horse. A report reaching Tunbridge Wells that Lord Sandwich had a fever, his wife, accompanied by Mrs. Montagu, drove in four hours to London, where they found him recovered by the taking of bark. As Lady Sandwich wished to be present at the Huntingdon races, she did not return to Tunbridge, but Mrs. Montagu persuaded her sister-in-law, Mrs. Medows, to accompany her there for a week. Mr. Montagu now joined her from Sandleford, whither he had been accompanied by Captain Robert Robinson, the sailor brother. The captain proceeded on to Bath to see Sarah. Before leaving town, Mr. Montagu had been much distressed at the illness of his relative, the Duke of Montagu, and sent daily to inquire after him. He had only been at Tunbridge a few days before the duke died, and he was summoned to town as an executor, together with the Dukes of Bedford and Devonshire. Mrs. Montagu writes—

“I am grieved at the heart for the poor Duke of Montagu, as he was your friend and the friend of[267] mankind; his memory will be dear to all that knew him, he is embalmed in the tears of the poor and the distressed: it is happier to dye lamented than to live unloved.”

This is the Duke of Montagu[476] mentioned by Horace Walpole, page 141 of his letters to George Montagu, “as the head of all the ‘cues.’”[477] In the codicils legacies were left to his servants, dogs, and cats. Horace says, “As he was making the codicil one of his cats jumped on his knee. ‘What,’ says he, ‘have you a mind to be a witness too? You can’t, for you are a party concerned.’”

[476] John Montagu, 2nd Duke, born 1705, died February 16, 1749.

[477] The “cues” was the nickname of the large Montagu circle.

He left no male heir, only two daughters, the Duchess of Manchester, who had remarried Mr. Hussey, and Lady Cardigan. Their mother was the fourth daughter of the celebrated Duke of Marlborough.

MRS. VESEY

Mr. Montagu got £100 as executor. Whilst he was detained in London, Mrs. Montagu made an expedition to Coombe Bank in company of Mr. and Mrs. Vesey. This is the first mention of people who were destined to become most intimate friends. Mrs. Vesey was the daughter of Sir Thomas Vesey, Bishop of Ossory. She married, first, Mr. William Handcock; secondly, her cousin, Agmondesham Vesey, of Lucan, Ireland. He was M.P. for Harris Town.

THE FEATHER SCREEN

Mrs. Montagu writes—

“I went yesterday along with Mrs. Vesey to see General Campbell’s place; we set out to avoid heat a little after 6. Lady Allen lent us her coach and six. We got to Coombe Banke by nine. It is about 16 miles[478] from here. We walked about the gardens, which are very pretty, and saw the house, dined under the shade, and about 4 o’clock Mr. and Mrs. Vesey got into their[268] post-chaise to go to London. I mounted my horse and went to Senoak, where Lady Allen’s coach waited for me. Lord Sandwich and Lord Anson were just come to the inn, and going to dine on turtle, to which they invited me, but I had made a more agreeable meal in General Campbell’s garden.... I am going to dinner to Lady Talbot’s, where I breakfasted. Lord Sandwich and Lord and Lady Anson and a great deal of company are to dine there. We have now such a crowd we expect a splendid ball to-night. I received great civility from Mr. and Mrs. Vesey, and they desired to know how I got home last night, so I must beg you to send the enclosed note to them in Bolton Row. They desired leave to see the house and celebrated feather screen, so I have wrote to Betty to have the house in order, and to set the screen for them.... Coombank is but a small place, but a fine terrace commands a beautiful view of the country. The house is most elegantly furnished. We were offered everything as politely as if the General had been there. We had a fine dessert of fruit served in the finest china. Our dinner we carried, but wine, tea and coffee were offered us.”

[478] Three hours doing sixteen miles shows the badness of the roads.

This feather screen was in six panels, one of which was worked by Miss Anstey, in imitation of one of the Duchess of Portland’s. The feather work, immortalized afterwards by the poet Cowper, had been begun, but it was the Duchess of Portland’s original idea. Numerous letters mention feathers being sent or asked for. Lydia Botham collected the plumage of peacocks, pheasants, and jays. Every known sort of parrot and macaw was placed under contribution. From Albury the boxes of feathers were sent by the Guildford coach to the “White Horse cellar in Piccadilly.” With these came fifty pens made by Lydia from her geese.

Dr. Jurin[479] kept Mrs. Montagu longer than she[269] intended drinking the waters of Tunbridge. During her stay there amongst the company were the Duchess of Somerset[480] and her daughter the Duchess of Bedford, Lord and Lady Fitzwalter, Lady Ancram, Lady Anson, Lord and Lady Elibank, Dowager Lady Barrington, Lady Betty Germain, Lord and Lady Vere Beauclerk, Lady Talbot, Lord March, Lord Eglinton, Lord Granby and Lord Powis, Lady Winchelsea, the Bishop of London and Mrs. Sherlock.

[479] Dr. James Jurin, born 1684, died 1750; physician, mathematician and author.

[480] Second wife of Charles, “the proud Duke” of Somerset. Her daughters became, one Marchioness of Granby, the other Countess of Aylesford.

In a letter to Dr. Freind this is said—

“In many respects this place is inferior to Bath, in some it is better. We are not confined here in Streets; the houses are scattered irregularly, and Tunbridge Wells looks from the window I now sit by a little like the village[481] you see from our terrace at Sandleford, only that the inhabitants instead of Jack and Joan are my Lord and my Lady.”

[481] Newtown.

HINCHINBROOK

A letter of September 28, of Mr. Montagu’s, after his return to London, is addressed to Hinchinbrook, where his wife had gone to stay with Lady Sandwich for a grand ball at Huntingdon, and the election of a new mayor. He says—

“I am not surprised that Hinchinbrook pleases you so well, or that you are of opinion it is capable of being made a fine place, it stands upon an eminence and commands a fine prospect, which those that made the Terrass well knew. The venerable old elms in the road are very ornamental, and the wood at the bottom of the garden is pretty as is also the plantation in the Park. The brook from whence the place takes its name is at a due distance from the house, and might be improved into a river or fine piece of water. I doubt [270]not my Lord will do it, if not at present, at an age more suitable. The room where Oliver Cromwell was born I daresay Mr. Audley will be proud to show you, and is seen by all strangers, tho’ I don’t believe it consists of one of the same particles of the material of which the room was built when that great man was brought into the world.”

THE MISS GUNNINGS

Mrs. Montagu writes—

“The Huntingdon ball was more splendid than I expected. I danced with Lord Sandwich. For beauties we had the two Miss Gunnings,[482] who are indeed very handsome; nonpareille, for the sisters are just alike take them together, and there is nothing like them; they are really very fine girls.”

[482] The daughters of John Gunning, of Castle Coote, Roscommon. Elizabeth married, first, the Duke of Hamilton; secondly, the Duke of Argyll. Maria married the Earl of Coventry. There was a third sister, Kitty, married Mr. Robert Travers, but lived in Ireland.

On her road back to London she stayed with the Ansteys at Trumpington, and Miss Anstey accompanied her to London.

Sarah Robinson, between whom and Mrs. Montagu there was a slight estrangement on account of her engagement to Mr. George Lewis Scott, which Mrs. Montagu disapproved of, now paid her sister a visit. Matthew wrote to recommend that the sisters should meet as if nothing had occurred to weaken their bond of affection. Sarah’s health had improved much by her long residence at Bath with Lady Barbara Montagu, who accompanied her on her visit to Sandleford. Sarah had painted a toilette-cover with flowers for Mrs. Montagu’s new house in Hill Street, which was beginning to be decorated.

In November, Parliament called the Montagus to London.

[271]

1750
MRS. MONTAGU’S CHINESE ROOM —
A CLERGYMAN’S CHILDREN

The first letter of 1750 is dated January 3, from Sandleford, addressed to Sarah. I give portions of it—

“Lady Sandwich was so good as to spend a week with us, and as the weather was fine for this time of year, we went out in the post-chaise all the morning, then dinner, tea and supper pretty well filled the rest of the time. On Monday I went with her Ladyship to Reading, where we lay that night. The next morning she went to town, and I returned hither, where I found my brothers, who give me a very agreeable account of your health ... I saw our friend Cotes the day before I left town, she is very well and in good spirits, and seems determined to keep her freedom and enter no more into wedlock’s bonds. She has only a small lodging, and I think with her economy she might afford herself a house of her own, and she might furnish it in the present fashion, of some cheap paper and ornaments of Chelsea China or the manufacture of Bow, which makes a room look neat and finished. They are not so sumptuous as mighty Pagodas of China or nodding Mandarins. My dressing room in London is like the Temple of some Indian god: if I was remarkably short and had a great head, I should be afraid people would think I meant myself Divine Honours, but I can so little pretend to the embonpoint of a Josse, it is impossible to suspect me of such presumption. The very curtains are Chinese pictures on gauze, and the chairs the Indian fan sticks with cushions of Japan satin painted: as to the beauty of colouring, it is carried as high as possible, but the toilette you were so good as to paint is the only thing where nature triumphs. Lady Sandwich brought her sons here, they are charming boys; Lord Hinchinbrooke[483] is much improved since you saw him, and Master Montagu[484] is a complete beauty....

“Mr. Morgan is at last deprived of the curacy of Newtown, which is a great grief to him. Nanny performs [272]extremely well at the embroidery, and I hope the habit of application will make her useful to herself and other people. I was afraid she would never have been either of those things! Her Father and Mother are much afraid she should be buried in Westminster Abbey near the lady that dyed by the pinch of her finger in working, but I will lay some wager on her head she will not be killed by diligence; as to Jacky Morgan, he has an admirable education for a jockey, he lives on horseback but can neither read nor write.”

[483] John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich, born 1744.

[484] Edward Montagu, born 1745; Mrs. Montagu’s godson.

This passage shows the position of the lower class of clergy of the period. Mr. Morgan was of Welsh birth, and preached long, dull sermons, as appears from former letters; his wife was a good motherly body, but no more. Mrs. Montagu apprenticed Nanny Morgan, as is shown by her next letter.

“She is too high and too giddy for a servant, time and experience may mend her, she likes the business she is going to.... I have obliged Mrs. Albert to promise she shall never go without her or Dettmere[485] or Mrs. Donnellan’s maid.... Charles went to Cambridge on Tuesday.”

[485] Mrs. Montagu’s lady’s-maid.

Charles’s health had improved, but as he did not like the sea as a profession, he entered Cambridge as an undergraduate.

“Tell Mr. Hoare when you see him, that if he pleases to send my face[486] to Hill Street, it will meet with a kind reception; it is a young face to be sure, but the retrospect to 18 is so pleasant I shall not find fault with it. I am, as you observe, Mistress of a post-chaize, which next to having wings, is the most convenient thing in the world, and must serve till it is brought to perfection. We liked so well our journey to Cambridge in the summer in a post-chaize which we hired for the time, that we bespoke one immediately.”

[486] Her portrait by Hoare.

The old post-chaises had only two wheels. Four-wheeled[273] post-chaises were new, and were thought the more dangerous, as being liable to overturn.

LORD PEMBROKE’S DEATH

A letter occurs now from the Duchess Dowager of Chandos, third wife, and widow since 1744, of the 1st Duke of Chandos, surnamed the “Princely Duke,” the builder of the palatial residence of Canons, in Middlesex, on which he spent £200,000. Having spent his fortune in building and speculating, Canons was sold for the material at his death. The duchess’s maiden name was Van Hatten, but she had been married to a Sir Thomas Davall. After the duke’s death she came to reside at Shaw House,[487] near Newbury, from whence she writes to Mrs. Montagu, and after some inquiries as to health, etc., says—

“What different tempers the world consists of: I am told passion sent the late Lord Pembroke[488] out of the world, but that Mr. Middleton who opened him says that both heart and all the vitals were displaced by the continual swathing he used to keep himself from growing bulky. This was itself a discontented temper, and if at any time I should be extremely strait laced and contradicted, it is certain my crossness would have been very great, and I or my lace must burst. The giving Ward’s pill to a cock and then turning it into broth for old Lady Northampton[489] has something curious in it too, but as it ended in death, I suppose will not be practised further. How many tricks do we try to lengthen life, and yet like poor Lord Pembroke waste it in tormenting our blood because others will not be of our mind, or we are too fat, or too lean to please ourselves: if there is not another life where we may be more perfect, [274]more happy, we are certainly the most inconsistent, foolish creatures this world produces; how much better the other planets have for inhabitants I know not.

[487] From a letter of Mrs. Medows, 1744, Shaw belonged to the duchess, and had been rented by a Mr. Forster, who then went to live at Englefield.

[488] Henry, 28th Earl of Pembroke, died January 9, 1750.

[489] Elizabeth, second wife and widow of 11th Earl of Northampton.

THE EARTHQUAKE

The earthquake mentioned by Horace Walpole in his letters to Sir Horace Mann, page 349 in volume 2, on February 5, created much terror. The Montagus were in Hill Street at the time. On February 20, in a letter to her sister, Mrs. Montagu says—

“I was not under any apprehensions about the earthquake, but went that night to the Oratorio, then quietly to bed, but the madness of the multitude was prodigious, near 50 of the people I had sent to, to play at cards here the Saturday following, went out of town to avoid being swallowed, and I believe they made a third part of the number I asked, so that you may imagine how universal the fright must be. The Wednesday night the Oratorio was very empty, though it was the most favourite performance of Handel’s.”

A slighter shock took place a month later; some people prognosticated a worse shock on April 3, which was to swallow up London. The following letter of the Duchess of Chandos alludes to this:—

“Shaw, April 3.

“Dear Madam,

“I do assure you although I had many accounts of the earthquake, I do easily perceive the difference betwixt a fright, and a sensible account of the same matter of fact: the day this, I hope, will kiss your hands and find perfect peace and safety at Hill Street, is the day when in many people have great fears, but in my opinion without reason, for I never heard of periodical earthquakes, and the coolness of the weather I hope will assuage these sulphurous heats. It would now bear hard upon Human understanding as well as gratitude, if when they see how very easily the destruction of popular places may be effected, we should not all live in[275] such a way as to make Death not so extremely shocking to us, as it has appeared to some of the gay world at this time. The same Providence that certainly made this complicated and beautiful Machine, is not the children that blow bubbles in air only to divert themselves, but has will, and good further designs suitable to His infinite goodness and wisdom, and therefore a hope in Him is a real security in all evils, and as to the manner of Death I have it, may be a peculiar thought, that there is a degree of pain that human nature cannot exceed consistent with life; which is a great mercy, or else our cruelty to one another would be without bounds: therefore I will never be too anxious what is the manner of my death, but trust it to that power that sent me into life....

“Dear Madam, yʳ much obliged
and faithful humble servant,
“L. C. Chandos.”
DEATH OF DR. CONYERS MIDDLETON

There are few letters for 1750 in my collection. In July Mrs. Montagu went to Tunbridge Wells, whilst Mr. Montagu prepared to accept the invitation of his Huntingdon constituents to the races, etc., held there. Miss Anstey, who had accompanied Lady Romney[490] to Tunbridge, remained with Mrs. Montagu for a while. Dr. Conyers Middleton and his wife not being in good health, went to London to consult physicians. In June, from Horace Walpole’s letters to George Montagu we learn the doctor was suffering from jaundice and dropsy, and was much broken in health. He died on July 28, 1750. In a letter of Mr. Montagu’s, dated August 4, from London, he says—

“This morning at Vaillante’s the bookseller, I met Dr. Green,[491] the Regius Professor, who told me the[276] Friday before his death Dr. Middleton sent for Dr. Plumtree, told him he thought he had but a very short time to live, desired him freely to tell him his opinion, which from the knowledge he had of him, he hoped he would make no scruple to do, upon which the Professor told him he thought he could live but a few hours; then he asked the Professor if from his pulse he thought his death would be easy, who answered that he did. He further told the Professor he had taken Dr. Heberden’s[492] medicines till he found they did him no good, his case being out of the Power of Physick. Dr. Green said he had left his niece an annuity, but did not say what, nor any further about his will. He was buried at St. Michael’s, Cambridge.”

[490] Née Priscilla Pym, wife of 2nd Baron Romney.

[491] Dr. John Green, born 1706, died 1779; afterwards Bishop of Lincoln.

[492] Dr. William Heberden, born 1710, died 1801; physician and author.

Mrs. Montagu mourned sincerely for one who had acted as a grandfather, a godfather, and an instructor to her.

ANNIVERSARY OF WEDDING-DAY

Of a splendid letter she wrote to Mr. Montagu on the return of the anniversary of her wedding-day, August 5, only a few sentences can be inserted from its length.

“My Dearest,

“There is not any day in which you have not a right to my most grateful acknowledgments, but there is not any day that so particularly demands them as the fifth of August, when you made me your friend and companion, and gave me so near an alliance to your virtues and fortune, all so superior to what I could expect. I can truly assure you my affection and esteem for you, and happiness in you have increased every day. I am not sensible there can be any further progress or addition made, but as I owe every happiness to you, each day’s felicity adds to my obligation, and I hope you think what does so increase my gratitude for eight[277] years’ happiness in a state so often wretched, inexpressible thanks are due. May we enjoy many years together of this happy society, but if I should be taken from you, let the consciousness of having been the occasion of my enjoying more happiness in a short life than is the lot of thousands in a long one, take out the sting of grief, and teach you to think of me with a tender but not painful remembrance....” She signs—

“With heart and hand your grateful,
affectionate, faithful and obedient Wife,
“E. Montagu.”
MRS. BOSCAWEN

At Tunbridge this year Mrs. Montagu first became acquainted with Mrs. Boscawen, wife of Admiral Boscawen; she describes her as “a very sensible, lively, ingenious woman, and she seems to have good moral qualities. We often pass the evening together, partly in conversation, partly in reading.” Mrs. Boscawen’s maiden name was Frances Glanville; she had married Edward Boscawen, second son of 1st Viscount Falmouth, in 1742. As Dorothy Boscawen, aunt to the Admiral, married Sir Philip Medows, the families were already connected.

Mrs. Medows writes to Mrs. Montagu, “I think of Mrs. Boscawen as you do, I expect you should be fond of the Admiral,[493] his cool courage, his firmness, good nature, diligence and regularity, with his strong sense and good head, make a great character.”

[493] Admiral the Hon. Edward Boscawen, born 1711, died 1761.

MR. GILBERT WEST

Sir Dudley and Lady Ryder, Lady Townsend, and Lady Robinson, wife of “Short” Sir Thomas Robinson,[494] were amongst the company. A Mr. Samuel Torriano also appears as a friend of Mrs. Montagu’s. He tries to find her a cottage near London, as she fancies her health would be better in the country, and yet not so far from [278]London as Sandleford, during the winter session when Mr. Montagu would have to be in London. The reception rooms in Hill Street were to be decorated in the early spring. Hearing of a cottage at West Wickham, near Croydon, Mrs. Montagu went to see it, and made her first acquaintance with Mr. Gilbert West.[495] He was the son of the Rev. Dr. Richard West by Maria, daughter of Sir Richard Temple, of Stowe. He married in 1729 Catherine Bartlett, by whom he had an only son, Richard. With them lived Miss Maria West,[496] his sister; his mother had remarried Lord John Langham. West was a cousin of Mr. Botham’s, also of Mr. Lyttelton, afterwards Sir George Lyttelton. Writing to Mrs. Boscawen, Mrs. Montagu says—

“I saw at Wickham the miracle of the Moral World, a Christian Poet, an humble philosopher, a great genius, without contempt of those who have none.... I am charmed with Mrs. West, and approve all you say of her. She is neither a tenth muse, nor a fourth grace, but she is better than all put together. I believe it might truly be said of her—

“‘That she always speaks her thought,
And always thinks the very thing she ought.’

Her vivacity, easiness of behaviour and good sense delight me.

“Mr. West has been so good as to find out a cottage for me. The pleasure of being near Mr. West gets the better of all considerations in regard to the situation of my cottage. I hope it will be an inducement to you to visit my hermitage, where you shall be entertained with the wholesome fare of brown bread, sincerity and red cow’s milk, which afford good nourishment to the mind and body.”

[494] Afterwards Lord Grantham.

[495] Born 1706, died April, 1756. Author and poet; translator of Odes of Pindar, etc.

[496] Maria West, afterwards wife of 1st Viscount Bridport.

BARRY AND GARRICK

[279]

On October 16 she writes, “The cruel owner of the house near Mr. West makes unreasonable demands, we are going to treat for one about two miles from him, which Mrs. West and he went with me to see yesterday.” She laments it is so far from the Wests. This house was at Hayes in Kent, or, as it is frequently spelt in the letters, “Heyes.” Mrs. Montagu continues—

“I hear there is a great strife and contention between Mr. Barry[497] and Garrick, each acting the part of Romeo[498] every night, and that the ladies think the first makes the best lover, by which one may learn they think beauty a better qualification than sense in that character, for Barry always seems to betray the fool in all the parts he appears in.... The Duke of Ancaster[499] is going to take unto wife the daughter of Mr. Panton;[500] the match is at last agreed upon, and coaches and jewels and horses and servants and houses and clothes and all the fine things with which Hymen now embroiders his saffron robe, are bespoken....

“Mr. Ramsay[501] was so good as to call on us, and Mr. Montagu and I went to his house, where we had the pleasure to see some admirable pictures.”

[497] Spranger Barry, born 1719, died 1777; celebrated Irish actor.

[498] Barry at Covent Garden, and Garrick at Drury Lane.

[499] Peregrine, 3rd Duke of Ancaster.

[500] Mr. Panton was Master of the King’s Racers.

[501] Allan Ramsay, born 1709, died 1784. Eminent portrait painter; son of the poet.

These letters are addressed to Hatchlands, Admiral Boscawen’s place near Guildford.

EMBROIDERED FLOUNCES

In a letter to Sarah at this period, Mrs. Montagu mentioned the appointment of her brother Robert to a Madras and China voyage: “I rejoice in the Captain’s appointed voyage to Madras and China, it is reckoned a profitable and healthful voyage, and all we ask for our King is ‘in health and wealth long to live.’” She then [280]proceeds to comment on some white satin flounces Sarah wished embroidered in China.

“As you design them to be in white, they need only have the outline drawn on one flounce and on the sleeves and robing. Mrs. Marsh is the best contriver of flounces: she did me a white lutestring very prettily, this summer’s gown is to be cut in the same manner, but not pinked.... All people are buying cloaths for the Birthday ... the prices are most unreasonable, 17 and 18 shillings a yard for Damask, and six and twenty for flowered silks of an ordinary appearance.”

In November Sarah Robinson writes to her sister as to her lover’s appointment at Court—

“Mr. Scott[502] is appointed to have the education of Prince George.[503] I can’t give this employment any name, for none but the King has a right to appoint any one over the young Princes under the title of governor or Preceptor; the salary I cannot tell you, it being not yet determined. His Royal Highness[504] has left it to Mr. Scott’s friends to name whatever they think proper, and has behaved in the handsomest manner imaginable. He was recommended to the Prince for this place by a great number of people, many of whom had very little personal——” (the end of the letter is lost).

[502] He was made sub-preceptor.

[503] George III., then twelve years old.

[504] Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of Prince George.

THE DOWAGER DUCHESS OF CHANDOS

Probably the Duchess of Portland may have been one, as she sided with Sarah in the affair, telling Mrs. Montagu that she might wish to obey her in all other respects, but could not control her affections. Lord Bolingbroke is said to have recommended him through Lord Bathurst. The ill-starred marriage took place probably at the commencement of 1751, but no letters[281] are left recording it. On November 18 the Dowager Duchess of Chandos died at Shaw House, near Newbury, and in a letter to Miss Anstey is thus noticed—

“A little before I went to London I lost my very good neighbour, the Duchess of Chandos, a stroke of the palsy carried her off in a few days: her bodily pains were great, but her mind felt the serenity that gilds the evening of a virtuous life. She quitted the world with that decent fare-well which people take of it, who rather consider it as a place in which they are to impart good than to enjoy it. Her character has made a great impression on me, as I think her a rare instance that age could not make conceited and stiff, nor retirement discontented, nor virtue inflexible and severe.”

To Mrs. Donnellan, on December 30, Mrs. Montagu says, “The Duchess of Chandos is greatly missed by the poor this rigorous season.”

In these two letters the following books and pamphlets are recommended, “An Occasional Letter,” said to be Lord Bolingbroke’s;[505] the King of Prussia’s “Memoires pour servir à L’Histoire de la Maison de Brandenbourg,” and “Sully’s Memoires.”

[505] Viscount Bolingbroke, born 1678, died 1751; philosopher and statesman.

1751

January, 1751, finds Mrs. Montagu in London, and Mr. Montagu at Sandleford Priory, engaged in business affairs. Mrs. Montagu, on January 7, writes to him—

“My Dearest,

“I am glad you are so far tired of your monastic life as to think of returning to the secular state of a husband and a member of Parliament. I believe our predecessors in the cowl had their particular kinds of volupté which silence, secresy and peace might much enhance and recommend; but to those who have been[282] used to the bustle and business of life such pleasures want vivacity. Boileau makes a man who goes to visit the Chantre just before dinner observe the luxury of a prebendal table. Says he—

“‘Il voit la nappe mise,
Admire le bel ordre, et reconnait l’Eglise.’

I have sat so constantly in Lady Sandwich’s chimney corner, I can give you little account of the world.”

To which Mr. Montagu rejoins, “I am much obliged to you for the kind impatience you show at my stay here; in a few days I now hope to convince you that however unworthy of either state, I have deserted neither.” He was accompanied to London by Captain Robinson.

From a letter of Mr. Gilbert West’s of May 16, 1751, we learn that Mrs. Montagu, though wishing to be near London and yet not in it, did not take up her temporary residence at Hayes till then. In it he says, “I have agreed with a farmer at Wickham to fetch your goods at the price of 15 shillings: the waggon will be in Hill Street to-morrow morning early.” He desires her to breakfast and dine at West Wickham with him, and signs himself, “Dear Madam, your loving cousin to command till death, G. W.”

“THE COUSINHOOD”

In the collection of letters published by her nephew, Matthew Robinson, 4th Baron Rokeby, he says he cannot remember the reason why West and Mrs. Montagu called each other cousins, but he had forgotten his cousinship to the Bothams, the beloved cousins of his aunt, Mrs. Montagu. “The cousinhood” was also the favourite term of the whole set of Wests, Pitts, and Lytteltons, all much connected in marriage and extreme intimacy.

Gilbert West was at this period forty-five years of[283] age only, but even then a perfect martyr to gout. Amongst his poems and translations was Lucian’s “Triumph of the Gout,” every line of which he could painfully indorse. In his “Lives of the Poets” Dr. Johnson[506] brackets him with Crashaw under “the two venerable names of Poet and Saint.” He was often visited by Lyttelton and Pitt, “who, when they were weary of faction and debates, used at Wickham to find books and quiet, a decent table and literary conversation.”

[506] Vide Johnson’s “Lives of the Poets.”

There may still be seen at Wickham a walk made by Pitt, and at Wickham, Lyttelton received that conviction which produced his “Dissertation on Saint Paul.” The same spirit of cheerful and benign religion was now to exercise a large influence on Elizabeth Montagu, to strengthen her already religious turn of mind, and to enable her in the future, though living in the great world of fashion and rank, and the idol of society, to keep that sacred, secret lamp of spirituality not of this world alight.

THE WEST FAMILY

The family circle at the Wests was a happy one; his wife and sister adored him, and he was the magnet that attracted all to him. He had a great sense of humour and a pretty taste for decorating, as the many letters upon the subject of the adornment of the Hill Street rooms show; Mrs. Montagu took his advice in every point from this time till his death in 1756. At the period I am now writing of he was far from well off, though expecting promotion, with just reason, having been a faithful servant to the King, and secretary to Lord Townshend during his period of office as Secretary of State.

MR. R. BERANGER

Amongst the friends of the Wests, Mrs. Montagu now made acquaintance with Mr. R. Berenger,[507] called[284] by Mrs. West “the little Marquis.” He was the son of Moses Beranger and Penelope Temple, and was therefore related on the maternal side to West. He afterwards became “Gentleman of the Horse” to George III. He wrote a book called the “History and Art of Horsemanship.” He was famous for his charm in social life. Hannah More called him “everybody’s favourite, all chivalry, blank verse and anecdote,” and Dr. Johnson dubbed him “the Standard of true Elegance.” He was a great friend of the Garricks. Another fresh acquaintance was William Henry Lyttelton, brother of Sir George (afterwards Lord) Westcote.

[507] R. Berenger, born 1720, died 1782.

At some early period of this year Sarah Robinson became the wife of George Lewis Scott, but no date is recorded, and no letters concerning the marriage remain. Only on June 9, when Mrs. Montagu was making her yearly visit to Tunbridge Wells in company with Lady Romney, she writes to her husband at Sandleford to say she had arrived safely, “Mrs. Scott and the Captain,” whose departure to China had been delayed, seeing her off. From other letters it appears the Scotts, accompanied by Lady Barbara Montagu, took up their abode in Leicester Fields, now Leicester Square, doubtless to be close to Leicester House, where, with their mother, the widowed Princess of Wales,[508] Scott’s royal pupils dwelt.

[508] Frederick, Prince of Wales, died March 31, 1751.

At Tunbridge Mrs. Montagu joined Mr. and Mrs. West and their son, and lodged in the same house. At Tunbridge were Sir George Lyttelton, his brother the Dean, the famous Mr. Garrick, the Bishop of London, etc. Then she wrote—

[285]

“Monsieur[509] and Madame Mirepoix are come to pass a few days here, but I imagine they will soon be tired of us. The Justices of Peace have done great service to the imprudent part of our company by prohibiting gaming, and though you may suppose I do not number myself among them, I feel my obligations to them on account of the servants, who have one temptation less to be idle and bad.”

[509] The French ambassador and his wife. She was a daughter of the Princesse de Craon.

She then adds grateful words to her husband, who had written to say he had made a fresh will, and in her favour. Mr. Montagu was then in London, but on the eve of going north to attend to his own estates in Yorkshire, and the complicated business of regulating Mr. Rogers’ affairs in Northumberland. In this letter he says—

“I this day, though I could ill spare the time, dined in Leicester Fields” (with the Scotts). “Being in the city I was informed by Dr. Middleton’s bookseller that Mrs. Middleton has had the good luck to sell Hildersham for 2000 guineas, it cost the Doctor, he said, £1600, besides what he lay’d out in building, so that if there should be some loss it cannot be much.”

HILDERSHAM

Hildersham was some miles from Cambridge. Here Gray, the poet, loved to visit Conyers Middleton, and improved his friendship with William Robinson, who was preparing for Holy Orders, and whom Gray always called the “Reverend Billy.”

On July 23 Mr. Montagu writes from Huntingdon—

“I lay last night at Cambridge. I dined with Mrs. Middleton in company with your brother, and the evening I spent with the Master of Clare Hall. Mrs. Middleton indulged me with the sight of some letters that passed between the Doctor and a great man[510] who formerly had a seat not far from Cambridge, and who is no more.... She very obligingly of herself promised[286] your brother all the Doctor’s Sermons which she had in her custody, and promised also to keep it secret, which I think you and I should also do, even from the brotherhood.... The races are to continue 4 days....

“I desire when wheatears are plenty and you send any to your friends in London, you would send some to Monsieur de Moivre at Pons Coffee House in Cecil Court in St. Martin’s Lane, for I think he longs to taste them.”

[510] Probably the 1st Earl of Godolphin, who lived at Gog Magog, near Cambridge.

MISS MARIA NAYLOR

Mrs. Montagu wishing to hear about the Huntingdon races, he says—

“I can tell you little about the races, having no concern in the bets, but I heard Lord Trentham had lost £1000, Captain William Montagu £200. Lord Sandwich’s horse won a heat, but he did not tell me how much he won.

“At the ball all the family of the Naylors were there, with Captain William Montagu’s lady, who danced country dances. Miss Maria Naylor danced both kind of dances, and was, I think, the lady that outshone all the rest. Her head dress was new and particular, and became her very well, and gave her the air of a shepherdess.... There was Mrs. Apreece and Mrs. Alstone, who married my relation with a fortune of £4000, and Miss Ascham, etc. The distinguished amongst the men besides the Prince of Baden, and the Marquis de Bellegarde, were the Duke of Kingston,[511] Lord Montfort,[512] Lord Onslow,[513] Lord Goring,[514] Lord March,[515] Lord Eggletone,[516] Mr. Alstone and Mr. Apreece. The members both of the county and town. Mr. Wortley from the Huntingdon races set out for those of Reading.”

[511] The 2nd Duke.

[512] 1st Baron Montfort, of Horseheath.

[513] 3rd Baron Onslow.

[514] Viscount Goring, a Jacobite Viscount.

[515] 3rd Earl of March, afterwards Duke of Queensberry. “Old Q.”

[516] 10th Earl of Eglintown.

This was young Edward Wortley Montagu.

[287]

Mrs. Montagu writes to say her father had arrived at Tunbridge in great spirits with a party of five, and she was, she adds, much better.

“I have a great appetite. I think I shall be able to eat for a wager, with my brother-in-law.[517] I am glad Miss Maria Naylor had an opportunity of shining in her proper sphere, the county of Huntingdon. Why should the Gunnings[518] of universal empire drive her from her little native land? Do they want to add the epithet of great to their names? Indeed I do not know why Gunning the great should not sound as well as Alexander the Great. I am afraid the eldest Miss Naylor is much dejected at the infidelity of our cousin Wortley, who is greatly enamoured of little Miss Ashe. All collectors of natural curiosities love something of every species. Mr. Wortley has had a passion for all sorts and sizes of women. Miss Ashe is a sort of middle species between a woman and a fairy, and by her rarity worthy to be added even to so large a collection of amours.”

[517] George Lewis Scott.

[518] The celebrated Irish beauties, afterwards one Countess of Coventry, the other Duchess of Hamilton and Argyll.

MISS ASHE

Miss Ashe, or the “Pollard Ashe,” as Walpole called her, eloped with Edward Wortley Montagu in the autumn of 1751. He was soon after this put in prison with a Mr. Taafe in France for robbing or cheating a Jew. As he was married before, though separated from his wife, he could not marry Miss Ashe. She afterwards married a Mr. Falconer, R.N.

It was in this year Horace Walpole had written to Sir Horace Mann—

“Our greatest miracle is Lady Mary Wortley’s son whose adventures have made so much noise, his parts are not proportionate, but his expense is incredible. His father scarce allows him anything, yet he plays, dresses, diamonds himself, even to distinct shoe buckles[288] for a frock, and has more snuff-boxes than would suffice a Chinese idol with an hundred noses. But the most curious part of his dress, which he has brought from Paris, is an iron wig; you literally would not know it from hair. I believe it is on this account that the Royal Society have just chosen him of their body.”

Mrs. Montagu wrote the description of “our cousin’s adventures,” and after several comments on Wortley’s conduct, she says, “Poor Miss Ashe weeps like the forsaken Ariadne on a foreign shore.”

The company at Tunbridge Wells had been increased by the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle, the Duchess of Norfolk, and, Mrs. Montagu writes, “we expect those goddesses called the Gunnings and Sir Thomas Robinson.... My Father is very gay, but complains he never saw the place so dull. I never said so to those about me, lest they should say to me as Swift to the fat man who complained of a crowd, ‘Friend, you make the very crowd you blame!’ Mr. West reads to us in the evening, and the wit of the last age supplies us when we do not meet with any in this.”

DEATH OF MRS. PERCIVAL —
DR. SHAW

At this period Mrs. Percival (Anne Donnellan’s mother) died; she had long been in bad health. Dr. Shaw, the celebrated traveller, died also, and Mrs. Montagu comments thus on August 29 on the two events to her husband, who was then at Newcastle—

“As to poor Mrs. Percival I hailed her voyage to the realms of rest: the last page of life is commonly a blank. But for poor Shaw,[519] he might have lived and laughed and talked of the Deluge and collected cockle shells many years longer. The death of those we esteem afflicts us; we are shocked at the death of those we have laughed[520] at and laughed with, as we never[289] looked upon them in so serious a light as to suppose so sad an event could happen to them. I would deck his tomb with emblems of all the wonders of the land and deep; crocodiles should weep and tigers howl; every shell should become vocal; sea-weed should bloom immortal on his tomb, and moss, though petrified, lie lightly on his breast. What signify voyages? What signifies learning! Hebrew Professor! Traveller to Memphis! Sole witness living of the present state of the Ptolemies! Must all these glories sink into oblivion? How gloriously had he been interred had he died in the perilous pass of the Pyramids, and succeeded Mark Anthony in the bed of Cleopatra! I hope the poor man will have the satisfaction of being embalmed in the true Egyptian manner, for the more like a mummy his body be made, the more it will joy his gentle ghost. Nature has lost the inventory of all works in losing Shaw, for he knew every plant from the Hyssop to the Cedar of Lebanon, and every animal from the pismire to the whale. I am afraid his sister Sarah must again dust down those cobwebs she has been taught to venerate, and kill the moths in a stuff turban, though it should have a horn more or a horn less.”

[519] Dr. Thomas Shaw; traveller, antiquary, and naturalist.

[520] In former letters his merry and loud laughter in the Bullstrode circle is commented on.

Another Dr. Shaw is frequently mentioned as a chief physician at Tunbridge Wells, but whether he was a relation of the archæologian and naturalist, I have not been able to ascertain.

In a letter from Newcastle of September 1, Mr. Montagu, who with his steward, Mr. Carter, was regulating the business of his cousin, Mr. Rogers, mentions Denton Hall[521] for the first time, which was eventually to become one of his residences.

[521] Note at the end of this work on Denton Hall.

“Yesterday Mr. Carter and I rid to Denton, which is about 3 miles from Newcastle. We first viewed the house which is a good deal worse than I thought, and[290] indeed so bad that it would not be justifiable to lay out any money upon it. The rooms on the second floor are pretty good, and served the family when they went there, but if ever I should be so happy as to have your company in these parts, if these should be thought fit I would hope it would be no difficult matter to find you some better accommodation. This next week I propose to go to a Farm of Mr. R.’s at Jarrow, about ten miles from Newcastle, and to Monk Seaton, where he has another. I never have yet been at either of them.”

JARROW

Amongst his other property Mr. Rogers owned much in coal mines, some of them entirely his own, others in which, with the Claverings, Mr. Bowes, the Bishop of Durham, etc., he owned a share. Mr. Montagu was employing a Mr. Newton to value these—a complicated, unfair business. Owing to Mr. Rogers’ lunacy, much advantage had been taken by dishonest stewards and coal merchants, too long and complicated for description in these pages. On September 8 Mr. Montagu writes—

“On Friday last I was at a farm one half whereof belongs to Mr. Rogers, the other to Sir Thomas Clavering, called Jarrow, not far from Tynemouth, it is in the parish where the Venerable Bede formerly practised. Upon a Key this estate is obliged to contribute to for the repair of all the Ships that come to this port, they unload their ballast, which in length of time is become an incredible heap. This estate is let at £107 10s. per ann. To-morrow we go to Ravensworth, after which, when we shall have visited Seaton and Rudchester, we shall have seen all Mr. R.’s territories.”

CARLISLE TURNPIKE ROAD

In the next letter he says—

“North Seaton lies upon the sea, consists of very good land with coal under, and has a key and a granary for corn and some quarrys of stone. The other estate[291] of Rudchester is that through which the Carlisle Road is to pass, and which with all the clamour of the tenants will, as we think, be rather a benefit than hurt to the estate. It is thought to have a good deal of good coal in it, and but a very little way from the river Tyne, and will be very valuable if ever the river should be made navigable so high up as Mr. Carter thinks it may be in twenty years’ time.”

Mr. Montagu also adds that he and Mr. Carter have discovered that Mr. Rogers owned two-thirds of a colliery at West Denton, of which they had not known.

On September 13 a son was born to the Dauphin[522] of France, and Mrs. Montagu writes on the 15th—

[522] Louis, Duke of Burgundy, son of the Dauphin.

“I hear Monsieur Mirepoix intends the town fine illuminations and masquerades on the birth of the Dauphin. I believe every miserable peasant in France has great joy in the birth of one who is to be his future tyrant. Strange infatuation!... I wish the English loved their Island as well as the French do their ‘Monarque.’”[523]

[523] Louis XV.

On the 22nd Mrs. Montagu writes to say she is packing up for London, and she begs her husband, who is thinking of moving southward, not to travel with a single servant, as “every newspaper is filled with accounts of robbery.” She congratulates him “on having so well considered and settled Mr. Rogers’ affairs. It appears a noble estate, and I hope to see it in your possession who would nobly enjoy it.”

Matthew Robinson had been in Yorkshire, and thence travelled to Scotland, then little visited. Mrs. Montagu says—

“I suppose my brother Robinson is by this time returning to the known world. I expect to hear he[292] has travelled to the extremity of Scotland, for he is a man of infinite curiosity, and would have knowledge at no entrance quite shut out.”

To this her husband rejoins, “Whenever I come near London I will hire a guard, and if I can give you sufficient notice shall not be sorry to be met by Brunton....” He says he has not heard of Brother Robinson since he dined with him. “If he has gone to Scotland, I have lately read in a book concerning the Rebellion, that barbarous part of our island may in good weather be seen with pleasure!” In return, his wife writes from London that she is going to Hayes “to enjoy quiet and my books till you arrive. I take Mrs. Isted with me.” Mrs. Isted was a poor lady who acted as housekeeper to Mrs. Montagu, and had seen better days.

The Scotts had been dining with her. They were then living at Chelsea, as London did not suit Sarah’s delicate health. A scheme of education for the young princes had been drawn up and submitted to the King, who was much pleased with it. It was also rumoured he was to take them to Hanover next year, “a step which will not be popular.”

DR. MIDDLETON’S WORKS

“Dr. Middleton’s works are to be printed by the booksellers by subscription. Mrs. Middleton sold the copies for £300: it seems to me an insolence in the booksellers that should not be encouraged. I should never grudge the guinea I could spare to a man of genius, but to a set of wretches that live by other people’s wits, I am not so willing to part with that gold which the wise man allows to be better than anything except wisdom. It is strange malice in Apollo to make poor authors and rich booksellers, he should give his upper servants the best wages.”

From Hayes, on September 30, she writes—

[293]

“I am so well in health that I scarce know myself, and I think I am a little like the humorous Lieutenant that would run no hazards when he was well, though he was prodigal of life when he had a pain in his side. I am very desirous to preserve this comfortable state of health, and also my comely, plump and jolly condition; my face is no longer a memento mori. I am like one of the goddess Hebe’s elder sisters, ‘Not ever fair and young, but not so wan and decayed as of late.’” She adds, “Lady Bab and my sister design to visit my solitude in a few days. She is much better for country air, but they do not enjoy many rural pleasures at Chelsea, it is too near London.”

MRS. DONNELLAN —
JOURNEY TO IRELAND

Mrs. Donnellan, having let her house to Lord Holderness, was preparing to go to Ireland to visit Dr. and Mrs. Delany at Delville, and her relations. She was staying with her friends the Southwells, at King’s Weston, and as her letters throw light on the then mode of travelling, I insert portions—

“Delville, near Dublin, October 7.

“My dear Mrs. Montagu,

“I am sure will be pleased to hear I am got safe to the end of my journeys and voyage, and am with my good friend Mrs. Delany resting myself after a good deal of fatigue. I left London as I told you I should, as I informed you by a letter from King’s Weston, which I hope you got. Mr. Leslie, the gentleman who took the charge of conducting me to Ireland, came at the time appointed, but we heard so bad an account of the cross roads between Bristol and Chester that we were very near setting out again for London, and going from thence to Chester. However, I plucked up courage, and as my good friends would do everything to accommodate me, we set out on Thursday sen’night with Mr. Southwell’s coach, two post-chaises and Mr. Southwell’s groom and double horse,[524] so that we had variety enough. The[294] road for the greatest part to Gloucester was so bad I rid most of it, but hearing it would rather mend I sent back the coach, and between the chaise and the horse got to Chester and on to Park Gate in five days, and Mr. Leslie my companion, being a very sensible, polite travelled man, made the journey as agreeable as such a journey could be. We found Lord and Lady Fitzwilliams and many more waiting at Park Gate for the King’s Yacht, but as I hate a crowded ship and am not a coward, I resolved not to wait, and the wind being fair, we hired a small ship for ten guineas and set sail. The next morning at six o’clock and with the finest weather imaginable made our passage and landed in Dublin in 30 hours. The Bishop of Clogher, who had been enquiring for me the morning tide, came to the house when I was landed, with his usual politeness, and carried me to their house, and as it was too late to come here, they kept me that night, and the next day Mrs. Delany came and brought me here, where I am extremely happy, the most polite and hearty welcome, a large and convenient house, sweet gardens and a manner of living quite to my sober taste. Our only disturbance are visitors: we had yesterday seven coaches and six, mostly my own relations, my brother, sister, nephews and nieces.”

[524] Means a horse trained to carry a pillion.

THE DAUPHIN

On October 31 there is a letter dated from London to Mr. Gilbert West. In this Mrs. Montagu is forwarding him patterns of all kinds of dove-coloured paper from Mr. Bromedge’s shop, and Mr. Linnell was sending a marble chimney-piece for West’s big room at Wickham. She says—

“Poor Dr. Courayer notified to me that he was ill of a sore throat, and could not come to visit me, though he wanted to see me. I went to him, I was obliged to pass through all the gay vanities of Mrs. Chenevix,[525] and then ascend a most steep and difficult staircase to get at[295] the little Philosopher: this way to wisdom through the vanities and splendid toys of the world might be prettily allegorized by the pen of the great Bunyan; the good man himself to an emblematizeing genius would have afforded an ample subject; his head was enfoncé in a cap of the warmest beaver, made still more respectable by a gold orrace, ‘a wondrous hieroglyphick robe he wore,’ in which was portrayed all the attributes of the god Fo, with the arms and delineaments of the Cham of Tartary.... I began to consider him as the best piece of Chinese furniture I had ever seen, and could hardly forbear offering him a place on my chimney-piece. He asked much after your health.... There has been a terrible fracas in the court of the grand Monarque, the people, generally credulous, have strangely taken it into their heads that the Duke of Burgundy is not legitimate, and instead of acclamations and huzzas, murmurs and sighs have echo’d through the streets, on the days the feasts were made for the birth of this child; besides this there was conveyed into the cradle some gunpowder and a match with an epigram expressing that they would serve to blow up the pretended Duke of Burgundy. Upon his Majesty hearing this, the gouvernante, sub-gouvernante, women of the bedchamber, even to the toothless pap tasters, were all sent to the Bastille, one of the women who said she saw a hand reach over a screen to throw a paper into the cradle is since dead. A little knowledge is allowed to be a dangerous thing; had the lady been able to inform his Majesty at once who threw the paper, she had been safe, but it is supposed the hand that threw it, lest she should discover more, gave her a dose that has silenced her for ever....

“The Duke and Duchess of Portland and Lord Titchfield dined with us to-day, and staid till eight o’clock; her grace inquired after you.”

[525] Famous shop for bric-à-brac and toys.

MR. NATHANIEL HOOKE

The last letter of the year is on December 17, to Mr. West, from Sandleford. From this it appears Mrs.[296] Montagu was extremely unwell, but anxious for the health of Mr. West, who had had one of his periodical gout attacks, which had rendered his hands temporarily incapable of use. In this mention of Mr. Hooke is made. Mr. Nathaniel Hooke[526] wrote a “History of Rome,” and other works. He assisted the old Duchess of Marlborough to write her “Memoirs of her Life,” for which she gave him £5000. He was a Roman Catholic, a disciple of Fenelon’s, and brought a Catholic priest to Pope on his death-bed. “Pray have you made a good Protestant of Mr. Hooke? If you cure heresy and schism, should you not have your doctor’s degree in divinity rather than law?”

[526] Died in 1763.

END OF VOL. I.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

GILBERT WEST.

## INDEX.

The figures in italics refer to the notes only.

- A
- Abbas, Shah, ii. 99
- Abel, ii. 245
- Achard, Mr., tutor, afterwards secretary to Duke of Portland, i. 44, 48, 61, 90, 158, 185
- Adam, ii. 245
- Adventurer, the, ii. 25
- Advertiser, the, ii. 123
- Æsop’s Fables, i. 73
- Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, i. 259
- Albemarle, George Keppel, 15th Earl of, ii. 220
- Albemarle, Lady, ii. 259
- Aldworth, Richard Neville, ii. 250
- Alexander, William, ii. 98, 108
- Alexander, Mrs. W. (née Monsey), ii. 98
- Allen, Lady, i. 267, 268; ii. 121
- Allison, A., i. 179{329}
- Alnwick Castle, ii. 166
- Alstone, Mr. and Mrs., i. 286
- Ameen, Joseph. See Emin, Joseph
- Amelia, Princess (daughter of George II.), ii. 152, 213, 214
- Amesbury, i. 249
- Amherst, General, ii. 134{193}, 140, 154
- Amyand, Mr., i. 167; ii. 163
- Ancaster, Duchess of, ii. 252
- Ancaster, Peregrine, 3rd Duke of, i. 279
- Ancram, Lady, i. 269
- Andover, Mary, Lady (Mrs. Botham’s intimate friend and patroness), i. 55, 95, 102, 115, 144, 194; ii. 19;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 230, 231
- Andover, William, Lord, i. 55{122}, 144{270}, 224, 230
- Anne, Queen, i. 245{435}
- Anson, Admiral Lord, i. 107, 268; ii. 89, 154;
- captures a Spanish treasure-ship, i. 186;
- A Voyage round the World, i. 259
- Anson, Lady, i. 268, 269; ii. 142
- Anstey, Christopher, New Bath Guide, i. 19, 256{459}; ii. 87
- Anstey, Miss, i. 256, 259, 270, 275; ii. 54, 56, 70, 82;
- works a panel of Mrs. Montagu’s feather screen, i. 268;
- her death, ii. 87;
- letters from Mrs. Montagu to, i. 19, 281; ii. 18, 77;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 23
- Apreece, Mr. and Mrs., i. 286
- Archdeacon, Dominick, ii. 129
- Archdeacon, Mrs. D. (Mary Creagh), ii. 129
- Archdeacon, William, ii. 160
- Arezzo, Collection of, ii. 15
- Argyll, John, 2nd Duke of, and Duke of Greenwich, i. 117; ii. 38, 233
- Argyll, Duchess of (Elizabeth Gunning), i. 270, 287, 288
- Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of, ii. 165, 167, 195
- Argyll, John, 5th Duke of, i. 270{482}
- Arran, Earl of, ii. 155
- Arran, Elizabeth, Countess of, ii. 155
- Ascham, Miss, i. 286
- Ashe, Miss, called by Walpole, the “Pollard Ashe,” i. 287, 288
- Askew, Dr., ii. 128, 144
- Athole, Duncan de Atholia, Earl of, i. 1
- Athole, John Murray, 3rd Duke of, ii. 168
- Atkinson, Mr., farm bailiff at Sandleford, i. 145; ii. 147
- Atterbury, Bishop, i. 194{355}
- Audley, Dr., i. 129
- Audley, Mr. (Hinchinbroke House), i. 270
- Augusta, Princess (daughter of George II.), i. 53
- Austin, Sir Robert, i. 27
- Austria, Emperor of, ii. 146
- Aveiro, Duke of, ii. 180
- Aylesbury, Lord, i. 233
- Aylesford, Countess of, i. 269{480}
- Aylesford, Heneage, 1st Earl of, i. 39{71}
- Aylesford, Heneage, 2nd Earl of, i. 41, 55{122}, 144; ii. 19, 55
- Aylmer, Lord, ii. 15
- Ayscough, D.D., Rev. Francis, ii. 40, 63
- Ayscough, Mrs. (née Lyttelton), ii. 63
- B
- Baden, Prince of, i. 286
- Bagshot Heath, ii. 74
- Balchen, Admiral Sir John, ii. 92
- Balmerino, Lord, i. 231{411}
- Baltimore, Lord, ii. 70
- Banbury, Charles Knollys, 3rd Earl of, i. 22
- Banks, Miss, ii. 45
- Barbarini, i. 92
- Bareil, M. de, ii. 158{239}
- Barrington, Dowager Lady, i. 269
- Barrington, 2nd Viscount, ii. 185
- Barrow, Rev. Dr. Isaac, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, ii. 91
- Barrows, Mrs., i. 241
- Barry, Spranger, Irish actor, i. 279
- Bas bleus, the, ii. 98;
- and shells, ii. 268
- Basildon, Lady Fane’s grottoes at, i. 245
- Bateman, Lord, ii. 95
- Bateman, Richard, ii. 192
- Bath, i. 36–41, 254;
- “Coffee House” at, i. 255
- Bath, William Pulteney, 1st Earl of, i. 102; ii. 11{15}, 29{43}, 47, 145, 155, 185, 193, 204, 219, 223, 225, 241, 246, 250, 252, 262, 267;
- his wife’s death, ii. 152;
- Letter to Two Great Men, ii. 178;
- “Patriot and Philosopher,” ii. 179;
- his character, ii. 189, 247;
- “is fall’n desperately in love with Mrs. Montagu,” ii. 200, 201, 212;
- on green tea and snuff, ii. 207;
- and Mrs. Carter, ii. 235, 236;
- on Mrs. Montagu’s Dialogues of the Dead, ii. 237;
- Reynolds’ portrait of, ii. 258, 268, 269;
- letters from Mrs. Montagu to, ii. 220, 222, 233;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 222, 224, 226, 233, 237, 263, 268, 269
- Bath, Countess of (Anna Maria Gumley), a “screw,” ii. 29;
- death of, ii. 152, 189
- Bath, Thomas, 1st Marquis of, i. 17
- Bath, Elizabeth, Marchioness of (née Bentinck), i. 17
- Bathing tubs, i. 89
- Bathurst, Lady Selina, i. 139
- Bathurst, Lord, i. 280
- Bathurst, Mr. (Lady Selina’s son), i. 167
- Bayham Abbey, ii. 250
- Beau, description of a, i. 133
- Beauchamp, Richard, Bishop of Salisbury, i. 151
- Beauclerc, Lord Aubrey, i. 80
- Beauclerc, Lord Harry, ii. 228
- Beauclerk, Lord and Lady Vere, i. 269
- Beaufort, Cardinal, i. 247
- Beaufort, 4th Duke of, i. 39, 41, 42
- Beaulieu, i. 248
- Beaulieu, Edward Hussey, Earl of, i. 201
- Beauties of England and Wales, ii. 14{19}
- Beckford, Alderman, ii. 127, 128, 153, 220
- Bede, Venerable, History of the British Nation, etc., ii. 138
- Bedford, Duchess of, i. 63, 269
- Bedford, John, 4th Duke of, i. 63{137}, 216, 218, 219, 248, 266
- Bejot, Monsieur, ii. 257
- Bell and Sons, George, publishers, ii. 174
- Bellardine, Harry, Governor of Hurst Castle, i. 248
- Bellegarde, Marquis de, i. 286
- Belle-Isle, Duc de, French Marshal, i. 197
- Benson, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester, i. 234
- Bentinck, Lord Edward Charles, i. 178
- Bentinck, Lady Elizabeth (afterwards Marchioness of Bath), i. 17, 150
- Bentinck, Lady Frances, i. 69, 100, 146
- Bentinck, Lord George, i. 46, 48, 98
- Bentinck, Lady Harriet, ii. 197
- Bentinck, Lady Isabella, i. 23
- Bentinck, Lady Margaret, i. 33
- Bentley, Richard, ii. 23, 24
- Berenger, Moses, i. 284
- Berenger, R., “the little Marquis,” History and Art of Horsemanship, i. 283, 284; ii. 1, 24, 226
- Berenice, ii. 238
- Berkeley, Elizabeth (afterwards Lady Noel Somerset), i. 42
- Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, ii. 15, 25, 26
- Berkeley, Mrs. George, ii. 25, 26
- Berkeley, James Symes, of Stoke Gifford, i. 42{79}
- Berkeley, Lord, i. 167; ii. 95
- Berkshire, 4th Earl of, i. 39, 41, 224
- Berkshire, Lady (Catherine Grahame), i. 39, 66, 224
- Berkshire, Tom, 6th Earl of, i. 39
- Bernard, Dr., head master of Eton, ii. 150
- Best, Mrs. T. (Caroline Scott), i. 86, 103, 121, 184
- Best, Thomas, i. 121, 184; ii. 50
- Bevern, Prince of, ii. 114
- Bevis Mount, Lord Peterbrough’s place, i. 22
- Bewdley, Sir George, ii. 78
- Biographia Britannica, ii. 18
- Birch, Rev. Thomas, Life of Archbishop Tillotson, ii. 20
- Blackett, Sir Walter, ii. 138, 201, 202
- Bland, Military Discipline, ii. 100
- Blooding, panacea of, i. 33, 83, 98, 100, 135
- “Blue Stockings,” first allusion to, ii. 98
- Boccacio, Decameron, i. 61
- Boileau, Nicholas Despreaux, i. 154, 282
- Bolingbroke, Lady, ii. 116
- Bolingbroke, Lord, i. 89, 280;
- Dissertations upon Partys, i. 176;
- The Idea of a Patriot King, i. 265;
- An Occasional Letter, i. 281;
- “that foul fiend,” ii. 61;
- his “pompous Rhetorical and inconsistent Declamations,” ii. 63;
- his marriage, ii. 116;
- Voltaire v., ii. 163
- Bolton, Duchess of (Lavinia Fenton, alias “Polly Peacham”), ii. 37
- Bolton, 3rd Duke of, i. 248; ii. 37
- Bonus, Mr., picture cleaner, ii. 172
- Boscawen, Admiral the Hon. Edward, i. 277; ii. 81, 83, 84, 123, 151, 155, 156, 170, 190;
- captures two French men-of-war, ii. 74;
- blockades Louisburg, ii. 76;
- the Martinico ships, ii. 90;
- recalled, ii. 111, 116;
- Mrs. Montagu’s opinion of, ii. 118;
- receives a fresh commission, ii. 118, 121;
- “had saved North America,” ii. 134;
- captures Louisburg, ii. 140;
- the thanks of Parliament, ii. 154;
- defeats French off Cape Lagos, ii. 167;
- his illness and death, ii. 228–230;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 95
- Boscawen, Mrs. Edward (Frances Glanville), i. 277; ii. 69, 74, 81, 83, 170, 196, 217, 229, 230, 242, 247, 257;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, i. 278; ii. 20, 40, 52, 70, 88, 118;
- her letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 133
- Boswell’s Life of Johnson, ii. 161, 174
- Boteler, Sir Philip, ii. 227
- Botham, Rev. John, i. 55, 265, 278; ii. 43, 46, 73, 88, 129, 241, 259;
- a legacy, i. 84;
- his “sermonical lullaby,” i. 96;
- rector of Yoxall, Staff., and chaplain to Lord Aylesford, i. 144;
- wishes for a King’s chaplaincy, i. 180, 181;
- the Albury living, i. 230;
- “such a Johnny,” i. 231;
- farming his glebe, i. 235;
- his appeal for further preferment, ii. 2, 3;
- inoculation of his children, ii. 17;
- his wife’s last illness and death, ii. 26–29;
- a school-girls’ bill, ii. 48;
- in the North with Edward Montagu, ii. 51, 53;
- appointed to Ealing, ii. 54, 55, 58;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 76
- Botham, Mrs. John (Lydia Lumley), i. 3, 55, 95, 143, 152, 194, 224, 265, 268; ii. 4;
- an opportune legacy, i. 84;
- her character, i. 180, 181;
- excessive melancholy of, i. 230;
- Mrs. Montagu’s advice, i. 233;
- curious remedies, i. 235;
- her state of health, ii. 11, 19, 20;
- her five children inoculated, ii. 16;
- illness and death of, ii. 26–29;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 84, 228
- Botham, Miss, ii. 29, 33, 37, 46, 185
- Botham, Miss Kitty, ii. 47, 48
- Botham, Miss Molly, ii. 47, 48
- Bower, Archibald (History of the Popes), ii. 11, 15, 16, 19, 35, 42, 70, 72, 90, 178;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 50, 81, 94
- Bower, Mrs. A., ii. 16
- Bowes, George, of Streatlam Castle, and Gibside, Durham, i. 234, 290; ii. 36, 138, 201, 203
- Braganza, Catherine, wife of Charles II., i. 111
- Braganza, Duke of, ii. 158
- Branson, Mr., i. 241
- Braybrooke, Lord, ii. 250
- Breadalbane, Lord, ii. 165, 168
- Bridport, 1st Viscount, i. 278{496}; ii. 135
- Bridport, Maria, Viscountess (née West), i. 278; ii. 10, 22, 30, 32, 40, 57, 86, 87, 92, 115, 135
- Bridgewater, Dowager Duchess of, ii. 95, 191
- Bridgewater, Scroop, 1st Duke of, ii. 191
- Bristol, George William, 2nd Earl of, i. 234; ii. 266
- Bristol, Viscount, i. 265{471}
- British Museum, established at Montagu House, Harleian MSS. in, i. 8, 83; ii. 243;
- Cottonian MSS. in, ii. 243
- Broadley’s Bath Collection, i. 255{456}
- Brocchi, Carlo (Farinelli), i. 16
- Brockman, James, of Beachborough, i. 15, 76, 108, 225,; ii. 13, 15
- Brockman, Miss, i. 147
- Bromedge, Mr., i. 294
- Brown, Lieut.-General George, i. 222; ii. 142
- Brown, D.D., John, Essays on Lord Shaftesbury’s Characteristics, ii. 18
- Bruce, Lord, i. 250
- “Brusher” Mills, the New Forest snake-catcher, ii. 151
- Brydges, Sir Egerton, Biography, ii. 93
- Brydges, Mary, Lady (née Robinson), ii. 93{135}
- Buchan, Earl of, i. 33
- Buckley, Mr., i. 125, 202, 234
- Bullstrode, i. 13, 49
- Bunyan, John, Pilgrim’s Progress, i. 73
- Burgess, Dr., ii. 77
- Burgundy, Louis, Duke of, the Dauphin, i. 291, 295
- Burlington, Richard, 3rd Earl of, i. 191; ii. 145
- Burlington, Lady, ii. 145, 146
- Burke, Edmund, ii. 100{147}, 101, 108, 144;
- Vindication of Natural Society, ii. 156;
- Sublime and Beautiful, ii. 159;
- Lady Bab Montagu and, ii. 163;
- and the Madrid Consulship, ii. 170;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 169, 173
- Burke, Mrs. (née Nugent), ii. 171
- Burnet, Bishop, History of the Reformation, i. 101
- Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of, i. 237; ii. 84, 97, 214, 226
- Bute, Mary, Countess of (née Montagu), i. 51, 237, 244; ii. 44, 197, 214{296}, 217, 252
- Butler, Lady Emily, ii. 155
- Byng, Admiral John, ii. 88–93, 97, 102
- C
- Cadaval, Duc de, ii. 180{261}
- Cadogan, Lord, ii. 83
- Caffarelli, Gaetano Majoriano, Italian singer, i. 27
- Cain, ii. 245
- Caledon, 1st Earl of, ii. 98, 108
- Calves Pluck water, ii. 163
- Cambridge, Richard Owen, ii. 263;
- Scribbleriad, ii. 54, 61
- Cambridge University, i. 256, 257
- Camden, Pratt, 1st Earl, Lord Chancellor, and Lord President of the Council, ii. 217
- Camelford, Thomas Pitt, Junr., 1st Lord, ii. 150, 153
- Campbell, General, i. 267
- Campion, Pitt’s chef, ii. 64
- Canning, Elizabeth, ii. 53
- Canterbury Cathedral, ii. 12, 14
- Canterbury Races, i. 9, 17, 31
- Cape Lagos, naval battle of, ii. 167
- Cardigan, Lady, i. 267; ii. 217, 218
- Carlisle, Bishop of, ii. 96
- Carlisle, 7th Earl of, i. 104, 209
- Carlisle, surrendered to the rebels, i. 218
- Carnarvon, 6th Earl of, ii. 38
- Caroline, Princess, wife of Christian VII. of Denmark, i. 256
- Caroline, Queen, i. 255{455}
- Carr, Lord Robert, i. 167
- Carte, Rev. Thomas, History, i. 194
- Carter, Edward, agent to Lord Aylesbury, afterwards to Edward Montagu, i. 130, 139, 233, 234, 289, 291 ; ii. 51
- Carter, Hannah, Memoirs of her Life, ii. 189
- Carter, Miss, ii. 29, 33, 37, 38, 46, 51, 52
- Carter, Mr., “Old Trusty,” Edward Montagu’s steward and agent, i. 107, 118, 141–143, 147, 166, 182, 184;
- death of, i. 233
- Carter, Mrs. (wife of above), ii. 51
- Carter, Mrs. Elizabeth, the Greek scholar, i. 111; ii. 235, 236, 246, 248, 250, 251, 255, 256;
- an edition of her Works, ii. 267;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, ii. 130, 138, 159, 160, 162, 163, 182, 183, 207, 241, 244, 257, 259, 266, 267, 269
- Carter, D.D., Rev. Nicholas, ii. 130.
- Carter, William, i. 130, 182
- Carteret, John, 2nd Baron (afterwards Earl Granville), Secretary of State, i. 102, 135, 179, 187
- Carteret, Lady (Lady Sophie Fermor), i. 179, 181
- Carteret, Lady Sophia, ii. 261
- Carthagena, naval battle of, i. 79
- Cathcart, 9th Lord, ii. 101, 168
- Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II., i. 111
- Cattle disease, i. 196, 219
- Cesar, Miss, i. 46
- Chalmers, Anne (Mrs. James Gregory), i. 179
- Chalmers, Dr., of Ripon, i. 213
- Chandler, Mrs., i. 265
- Chandos, 1st Duke of (the “Princely Duke”), i. 273
- Chandos, 2nd Duke of, ii. 22, 23
- Chandos, 3rd Duke of, ii. 22
- Chandos, Duchess of (née Wells), formerly Mrs. Jefferies, ii. 22, 23
- Chandos, Dowager Duchess of (née Van Hatten), i. 281;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 273, 274
- Chapone, Mrs. (Hester Mulso), Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, ii. 260
- Charlemagne, i. 59
- Charles II., i. 80{161}, 111; ii. 211
- Charles XII. of Sweden, ii. 181
- Charlotte, Queen, ii. 249, 251, 252, 258–260
- Charters, Mr., ii. 166
- Chateauneuf, Mdlle. de, i. 44
- Chatham, Baroness of. See Pitt, Lady Hester
- Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of. See Pitt, William
- Chaucer, Geoffrey, i. 155, 199
- Chaucer, Thomas (son of above), i. 198
- Cheer, Mr., ii. 42
- Chenevix, Mrs., her famous bric-à-brac shop, i. 187, 294
- Chesilden, Dr. William, i. 196; ii. 4
- Chester, Mrs., ii. 42
- Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (Letters), i. 198, 238, 253, 262; ii. 87, 113, 121, 181, 207, 223
- Chinese rooms, Mrs. Montagu’s, ii. 8
- Christian VII. of Denmark, i. 256{458}
- Chudleigh, Miss, maid-of-honour (afterwards Duchess of Kingston), i. 265
- Churchill, Arabella, i. 156{288}
- Churchill, General Charles, commonly called “old Charles Churchill,” i. 156
- Cibber, Colley (Apology for his Life), i. 91, 200, 242
- Cibber, Theophilus, i. 242
- Cibber, Mrs. Theophilus (Anna Maria Arne), i. 242;
- as “Cordelia,” i. 253
- Cistercians, i. 248{443}
- Clare, Earls of, i. 204{375}
- Clarendon, Lord, History of the Rebellion, ii. 157
- Clarke, D.D., Samuel, i. 61; ii. 62
- Clarke, William, of Merivale Abbey, i. 2
- Clarke, Dr. W., i. 88, 91
- Clavering, Sir James, i. 144, 147
- Clavering, Sir Thomas, i. 290; ii. 37, 138, 139, 202, 203, 223, 228
- Clayton, Robert, Bishop of Killala, afterwards of Clogher, i. 85; ii. 21, 124, 163{248}
- Clayton, Mrs. Robert, i. 25, 85, 93, 129; ii. 27, 163, 164
- Clayton, Sir William, ii. 163{249}
- Clegg, Jenny, i. 139
- Cleopatra, ii. 238
- Cleveland, Mr., ii. 134
- Clifton, Sir Robert, ii. 135
- Cobham, Viscount, ii. 60
- Cobham, Sir Richard Temple, Baron, i. 102, 189{345}
- Cobham, Lady, ii. 1, 41{54}, 71, 77, 86
- Cock, Sarah (Mrs. John Rogers), i. 111
- Cocoa Tree Coffee-house, ii. 217
- Coke, Lady Mary, ii. 38
- Coke, Lord, ii. 38;
- on Lyttelton, ii. 226
- “Cold Loaf” = a picnic, ii. 12
- Colebrooke, Sir James, ii. 202
- Collet, Sir James, i. 2
- Collingwood, Mrs., i. 48
- Colman, the Elder, George, The Jealous Wife, ii. 226.
- Colman, Mrs. George (née Gumley), ii. 227
- Concini, Signor, ii. 83
- Coningsby, Earl of, ii. 115{172}, 140, 141
- Coningsby, Lady, ii. 247
- Conway, Lord, i. 265{473}
- Conway, Miss Jenny, i. 265
- Conway, General Seymour Henry, ii. 114, 120, 156, 158
- Cooke, Lord, i. 235
- Cookham, ii. 41, 42
- Coombe Bank, i. 267
- Cope, Sir John, Commander-in-Chief for Scotland, i. 206, 210–212
- Cornbury, Lord, i. 101, 104
- Cornwallis, Colonel, ii. 114
- Cotes, Dr., i. 95{196}, 158, 160, 162; ii. 34
- Cotes, Mrs., i. 95, 98, 163–166, 181, 224, 271
- Cottington, Mr. and Mrs., i. 52
- Cottonian MSS., ii. 243
- Courayer, LL.D., Peter Francis le (“the little Père”), i. 124, 126, 154, 201, 232, 241–244, 247, 294;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, i. 250
- Courtenay, Lady, ii. 19
- Courtenay, Sir William, afterwards 1st Viscount, ii. 19
- Courteney, Mr., i. 240
- Coventry, Countess of (Maria Gunning), i. 270, 287, 288; ii. 172
- Coventry, Earl of, i. 270{482}; ii. 18
- Cowley, Abraham, ii. 244
- Cowper, Henrietta, Countess, i. 19; ii. 158
- Cowper, William, 2nd Earl, i. 19
- Cowper, William, poet, i. 268
- Cradock, William, i. 151
- Cranwell, Mrs., i. 240
- Cranworth, 1st Baron, ii. 98
- Craon, Princesse de, i. 284
- Crashaw, Richard, poet, i. 283
- Crawford, John, 17th Earl of, and 7th Earl of Lindsey, i. 41
- Creagh, Mary (Mrs. D. Archdeacon), ii. 129
- Creed, Mr., ii. 50
- Crewe, Lady (Dorothy Forster), i. 188
- Crewe of Stene, Nathaniel, Baron, i. 188, 190; ii. 155
- Croker, John Wilson, Boswell’s Life of Johnson, ii. 146, 147
- Croker, Mr., Mrs. Donnellan’s Six Clerk and Manager, ii. 21
- Cromartie, Lord, i. 232
- Cromwell, Oliver, i. 270
- Crosby, Mrs., Mrs. Montagu’s housekeeper, ii. 146, 147
- Cruickshank, Dr., ii. 99
- Culham Court, Berks., ii. 105
- Cullen, John, Edward Montagu’s gamekeeper, i. 226
- Cumberland, Duke of, acts as proxy at Princess Mary’s wedding, i. 53;
- Septimus Robinson, Governor to, i. 177;
- his tutor, Dr. Robert Smith, i. 200;
- Edward Montagu’s wish, i. 208;
- and young Wortley Montagu, i. 238;
- dangerously ill, ii. 18;
- praises Admiral Boscawen, ii. 74;
- and Emin, ii. 101, 108;
- battle of Hastenbeck, ii. 108–111;
- “is gone to plant cabbages,” ii. 119;
- passes through the city, ii. 120;
- the gout, ii. 152;
- will of George II., ii. 212–214
- Cumberland, Richard, dramatist, ii. 2
- Cunningham, Captain, ii. 76
- Cunninghame, Mr., ii. 134
- Curll, Edmund, i. 38
- Cutler, Sir John, ii. 202
- D
- Dale, Dorothy, afterwards Lady Forbes, i. 179
- D’Alembert, ii. 159
- Dalrymple, Sir Hugh, ii. 166
- D’Ancre, the Marechalle, ii. 83
- D’Arcy, Sir Conyers, afterwards 6th Earl of Holdernesse, i. 209, 293; ii. 6
- Darlington, Lady, ii. 233
- Darlington, Lord, ii. 202
- Dartmouth, William, 2nd Earl of, i. 231{409}
- Dashwood, Miss, the “Delia” of the poet Hammond, i. 25, 42, 46, 103; ii. 91;
- her letter to Mrs. Montagu, i. 116
- Dashwood, Sir Francis, afterwards Lord Le Despencer, leader of the Hell Fire Club, i. 27, 218
- D’Aubigné, Mdlle. (Madame de Maintenon), i. 38{62}
- Davall, Sir Thomas, i. 273
- Davis, Governor, ii. 101
- Davis, Sir Paul, i. 194
- Dayrell, Mr. and Mrs., of Lillingston Dayrell, ii. 57
- Delany, Mrs. (formerly Mrs. Pendarves), Memoirs, i. 56, 57, 153, 156, 170, 173, 187, 235, 293, 294; ii. 2, 5, 6, 21, 45, 123, 124. See also Pendarves, Mrs.
- Delany, Rev. Dr. Patrick, Dean of Down, Bishop of Clogher, i. 153, 170, 173, 187, 293, 294; ii. 6, 21, 85, 208;
- the protracted lawsuit, ii. 123, 124
- Delaval, Anne (afterwards Mrs. John Rogers), i. 145
- Delaval, Sir John, ii. 129
- Delawarr, Lord, i. 248
- Delves, Lady, i. 17
- Demoivre, Abraham, The Doctrine of Chances, etc., ii. 67
- Demosthenes, ii. 41
- Denton Hall, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, i. 289; ii. 137, 281, 282
- Dering, Sir Edward, ii. 33, 252
- Desbouveries, Miss, ii. 227
- des Champs, Monsieur, ii. 186
- Dettemere, Mrs., Mrs. Montagu’s lady’s-maid, i. 183, 258, 259, 272
- Dettingen, battle of, i. 154, 157
- “Devil’s Drops,” i. 252
- Devonshire, Duke of, i. 266; ii. 95
- Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, ii. 148
- D’Ewes, John, i. 47
- D’Ewes, Mrs. John (née Granville), “Pip,” i. 47, 56, 57, 101; ii. 5, 80
- Dialogues of the Dead, by Lord Lyttelton and Mrs. Montagu, ii. 181, 182, 200, 204, 207, 238
- Dickens, Sergeant, i. 82
- Dictionary of National Biography, i. 7, 97; ii. 15, 146, 189
- Dido, Queen of Tyre, i. 64
- Dingley, Colonel, ii. 100
- Ditched, Mrs., ii. 84
- Doddington, Mr., ii. 84
- Dodsley, ii. 174
- Dohna, Count, ii. 142
- Domville, Mr., ii. 189
- Donnellan, Rev. Christopher, i. 25, 41; ii. 2
- Donnellan, Nehemiah, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, Ireland, i. 41
- Donnellan, Mrs. Nehemiah (Martha Usher), i. 41
- Donnellan, “Mrs.” Anne, i. 25, 40, 41, 43, 52, 84, 124, 146, 197, 232, 240, 242–244, 252; ii. 2, 5, 13, 21, 26, 51, 183;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 44, 53, 58, 70, 80, 85, 92, 93, 99, 102, 112, 128, 139, 161, 168, 169, 186, 187, 194, 253, 259, 293; ii. 6, 21, 45, 80, 116, 120, 147;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, i. 56, 68, 72, 86, 91, 92, 96, 139, 159, 160, 184, 248, 254–256, 281
- Donnington Castle, i. 155, 198
- Dorchester, Countess of (Lady Caroline Sackville), i. 53
- Dorset, Duke of, i. 53{114}; ii. 2
- Dorset, Duchess of (Elizabeth Colyear), i. 53
- Douglas, Colonel, i. 80
- D’Oyley, Christopher, ii. 186
- D’Oyley, Mrs. (Sarah Stanley), ii. 186
- Drake, Councillor Robert, of Cambridge, i. 4
- Drake, Elizabeth (Mrs. Matthew Robinson), i. 4
- Drake, Mrs. Robert (Sarah Morris), afterwards Mrs. Conyers Middleton, i. 4, 5, 119
- Drakes of Ashe, Devon, the, i. 4
- Dufour, Mdlle., Mrs. Montagu’s French maid, i. 89, 91
- Dummer, Mr., of Cranbury Park, i. 247
- Duncan, Dr., ii. 77
- Duncan, king of Scotland, i. 1
- Dupplin, Viscount (afterwards 8th Earl of Kinnoull), i. 8, 9, 44, 46, 54; ii. 84, 85, 168, 179
- Duncannon, Lord, ii. 95
- Durham, Bishop of, ii. 202
- E
- Earle, Mr., i. 93, 94
- Earthquake, in London (1750), i. 274; in Lisbon (1755), ii. 85
- Eau de luce, Mrs. Montagu’s accident with, ii. 144
- Edgecumbe, Mr., ii. 95
- Edinburgh, taken by the rebels in 1745, i. 205, 209
- Edward IV., i. 151
- Edwin, Mrs., ii. 42, 45
- Egerton, Lady A. Sophia, ii. 122
- Egerton, Bishop, i. 180
- Eglinton, 10th Earl of, i. 269, 286
- Egmont, 1st Earl, i. 41, 186; ii. 84
- Egremont, Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of, ii. 217, 262;
- Secretary of State, ii. 265
- Elibank, Lord and Lady, i. 269
- Elixir of vitriol, a remedy for asthma, i. 235
- Elliot, Mr., ii. 95
- Elliot, Mrs., i. 164
- Ellis, Lady (afterwards Lady Dashwood), i. 218
- Ellis, Mrs. W. (née Stanley), ii. 186
- Ellis, Welbore (afterwards Lord Mendip), ii. 186
- Elstob, Mrs., i. 133
- Emerson, William, Doctrine of Fluxions, etc., i. 111, 234
- Emin, or Ameen, Joseph, an Armenian, ii. 99, 115, 122, 165, 214;
- his flight to England, ii. 100;
- Duke of Northumberland’s kindness to, ii. 101, 102;
- his patron Burke, ii.101, 108, 144, 156, 171;
- his letter from Limburg to “all his ladies and Patronesses,” ii. 108–110;
- Mrs. Montagu’s description of, and tribute to, ii. 114, 117, 154;
- his application to Pitt, ii. 125, 126;
- joins Frederick the Great’s army, ii. 127, 132, 141;
- his description of Frederick the Great, ii. 143, 154;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu—“My Queen of Sheba,” ii. 102, 114;
- “To the most learned and most magnanimous Mrs. Montagu,” ii. 162;
- “To the Montagu the Great,” ii. 168;
- “To the wisdom of Europe,” ii. 241
- England v. France in Canada—the Mordaunt Expedition, ii. 116–122;
- the attempted invasion at St. Malo, ii. 126, 127
- Erringtons, the, i. 144
- Essex, Lady (née Williams), ii. 162
- Euston, George, Earl of, i. 17
- Eve, ii. 245
- Evelyn, Mrs. Ann, ii. 75
- Evelyn, Sir John, Sylva, or Discourse on Forest Trees, etc., ii. 75, 145
- F
- Falconer, R. N., Lieutenant, i. 287
- Falmouth, 1st Viscount, i. 277
- Fane, Charles, 1st Viscount, i. 87{172}, 245
- Fane, Miss Charlotte, ii. 11, 102
- Fane, Miss Dorothy, afterwards Lady Sandwich, q.v.
- Fane, Mary Stanhope, Viscountess, once Maid-of-Honour to Queen Anne, her grottoes, i. 245
- Farinelli (Carlo Brocchi), i. 16
- Fauconberg, Viscount, i. 209
- Fausan, M. and Mdlle., i. 48
- Fawcet, Mr., i. 140
- Feather screen, Mrs. Montagu’s, i. 268
- Fenelon, i. 296
- Fenton, Lavinia, alias Polly Peacham, Duchess of Bolton, ii. 37{52}
- Ferdinand of Brunswick, Prince, ii. 165, 178
- Ferdinand VII. of Spain, ii. 158
- Ferguson’s lectures on philosophy, ii. 191
- Fermor, Lady Sophie (afterwards Lady Carteret), i. 179
- Ferrers, Robert, 1st Earl, i. 39{69}
- Ferrers, Laurence, 2nd Earl, executed at Tyburn, ii. 183
- Feversham, Lord and Lady, ii. 187
- Fielding, Captain and Mrs., i. 21
- Fielding, Lady Betty, i. 21
- Fielding, Henry (novelist), i. 21{41}, 164
- Finch, Lady Anne, i. 39
- Finch, Lady Charlotte, i. 21
- Fisher, Kitty, ii. 160
- Fitz-Adam, Adam, ii. 25
- FitzGilbert, Richard, i. 204{375}
- Fitzroy, Lord Augustus, i. 17
- Fitzwalter, Lord and Lady, i. 269
- Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl, i. 209, 294
- Fitzwilliam, Lady, i. 294; ii. 185
- Foley, Thomas, 1st Baron, i. 83
- Foley, Thomas, 2nd Baron, i. 46
- Fontenoy, battle of, i. 237
- Foote, the actor, ii. 19
- Forbes, Lady (Dorothy Dale), i. 179; ii. 226
- Forbes, William, 13th Baron, i. 179; ii. 266
- Forster, Sir James William, i. 188
- Forster, Dr., ii. 99
- Forster, Elizabeth (Mrs. Charles Montagu), i. 111, 188
- Fortescue, Chichester, ii. 80{103}
- Fortescue, Mrs. C. (née Wesley), ii. 80, 255
- Fortescue, Hugh, of Filleigh, Devon, i. 110
- Fountayne, Dr., Dean of York, ii. 174
- Fox, M.P. for York City, i. 209
- Fox, Captain, ship Walpole, ii. 100
- Fox, Lady Caroline, ii. 97
- Fox, Henry, 1st Lord Holland, ii. 81, 84, 94, 103, 104
- Fox, Stephen, i. 105.
- France v. England, in Canada—the Mordaunt Expedition, ii. 116–122;
- the attempted invasion at St. Malo, ii. 126, 127
- Franking letters, use and abuse of, i. 12
- Frederick, Mrs., ii. 230
- Frederick the Great, ii. 120, 123, 124, 132, 154, 178, 225, 241;
- his defeat at Kollin, Bohemia, ii. 114;
- battle of Rosbach, ii. 122;
- Zorndorff, ii. 141, 142;
- Emin’s description of, ii. 143
- Frederick William, of Prussia, i. 206{378}
- Frederick V., King of Denmark, ii. 111
- Freind, Rev. Dr. Robert, Head Master of Westminster School, i. 30, 52, 192
- Freind, Mrs. Robert (Jane de l’Angle), i. 52
- Freind, Rev. William, Dean of Canterbury, i. 30, 52, 57, 114, 122, 148, 174, 180, 189, 233, 235; ii. 45;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 66, 79, 191, 192;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, i. 49, 52, 58, 63, 75, 78, 81, 106, 109, 131, 177, 179, 190, 219, 225, 248, 269
- Freind, Mrs. William (Grace Robinson), i. 30, 40, 66, 143, 148, 174, 177, 189, 191, 233;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, i. 49, 122, 227
- French invasion, fears of, i. 174–177, 219–226; ii. 82, 114
- Freydag, Major, ii. 109
- Froissart, Chronicles, ii. 257, 260
- Fromantel, Mr., i. 145
- Furnese, Lady Anne, i. 39
- G
- Gage, Miss, i. 39
- Galissionière, Admiral, ii. 90
- Garrick, David, i. 92{185}, 131, 284; ii. 11, 16, 19, 83, 129, 130, 145;
- as “Richard III.,” i. 107;
- “King Lear,” i. 177{324}, 253;
- “Hotspur,” i. 237;
- “Romeo,” i. 279;
- “Antony,” ii. 158;
- his marriage, ii. 146
- Garrick, Mrs. (Eva Marie Veilchen, “La Violette”), ii. 129, 130, 145
- Gascoigne, Sir Crispe, Lord Mayor of London, ii. 53
- Gataker, Dr., ii. 235
- Gay, John, poet, Court of Death, i. 39, 249
- Gazette, ii. 122
- Gee, Mr., i. 261
- George, Prince, ii. 20
- George I., i. 206
- George II., i. 53, 94, 236{421}, 256; ii. 83, 87;
- his offer to Prince of Wales, i. 99;
- creates Walpole Earl of Oxford, i. 100;
- the Hanoverian troops, i. 135;
- pardons Lord Cromartie, i. 232;
- makes Lyttelton a peer, ii. 96;
- a fainting fit, ii. 116;
- his reception of Mordaunt and Hawke, ii. 120;
- Frederick the Great’s report of Zorndorff victory, ii. 142;
- his illness, ii. 152;
- and Pitt, ii. 153;
- death, ii. 208–215
- George III., i. 177, 280; ii. 160{244}, 209–215;
- and G. L. Scott, ii. 44, 97;
- Lady Yarmouth, ii. 126;
- his first speech as king, ii. 217;
- Bishop Sherlock’s letter to, ii. 221;
- Lord Chesterfield’s bon mot, ii. 223;
- his engagement and marriage, ii. 249, 251, 252;
- coronation, ii. 259
- Germain, Lady Betty, i. 269
- Germain, Lord George, ii. 165
- Geronsterre waters, the, i. 53
- Gesner, S., La Mort d’Abel, ii. 245, 248
- Gilbert, Dr., Archbishop of York, ii. 73, 190, 270
- Giles, i. 193
- Glamis Castle, ii. 168
- Glanville, William Evelyn, ii. 118{176}
- Gloucester, Duke of, i. 177
- Gloucester, Richard de Clare, Earl of, i. 204
- Gloucester, Duchess of, ii. 160{244}
- Goddard, Harry, i. 73, 74
- Godolphin, 1st Earl of, i. 285; ii. 98, 102, 132, 142, 147
- Godolphin, Lady Harriet, afterwards Duchess of Leeds, i. 51
- Godolphin, Lady Mary, i. 51
- Godolphin, Mr., ii. 209
- Godschall, Miss, i. 265
- “Golden Ball,” the, i. 15, 16
- Goodwin, John, i. 216
- Goring, Viscount, i. 286
- Grafton, 2nd Duke of, i. 17{25}
- Graham, Sir R., i. 209
- Grahame, J., of Levens, Westmoreland, i. 39{65}
- Grammont, Memoirs of the Count de, ii. 172
- Granby, Marchioness of, i. 269{480}
- Granby, Lord, i. 269
- Grantham, Lord (“Short” Sir Thomas Robinson), i. 259, 260, 277, 288; ii. 259
- Granville, Anne (Mrs. Pendarves’ sister), afterwards Mrs. D’Ewes, i. 47, 56, 57
- Granville, Anne (Mrs. Pendarves’ aunt), afterwards Lady Stanley, i. 46{87}
- Granville, Countess, i. 195
- Granville, Grace, Viscountess Carteret and Countess, i. 153
- Granville, Mr. (brother of Mrs. Pendarves), i. 46, 236
- Granville, Mrs., i. 254
- Granville, Miss, i. 196
- Granville, John, i. 18{29}
- Granville, John, Earl, i. 102, 104
- Granville, the Misses (Lord Lansdowne’s daughters), i. 50
- Gray, Thomas, the poet, i. 119, 253{450}, 285; ii. 23, 24, 87{121}, 183
- Green, Dr., musician, i. 60
- Green, Dr. John, Bishop of Lincoln, i. 249, 275
- Greenland, Augustine, of Belle Vue, Kent, ii. 92
- Greenland, John, of Lovelace, Kent, ii. 92
- Greenwich, Caroline, Baroness, i. 117
- Gregory, James, inventor of the Gregorian telescope, i. 179
- Gregory, Dr. James, i. 179
- Gregory, Dr. John, Professor of Philosophy at Edinburgh, i. 179; ii. 73, 76, 204, 211, 226, 266
- Gregory, Mrs. John (Elizabeth Forbes), i. 179; ii. 226
- Gregory, Lady Mary, ii. 155
- Grenville, Mr., i. 54
- Grenville, George, ii. 90, 95, 266
- Grenville, James, ii. 95, 262
- Grenville, Jenny, ii. 90
- Grenville, Richard, ii. 60, 83, 84
- Greville, Mr., i. 167
- Greville, Mrs., i. 39
- Grey, Mr., i. 147
- Grey, Rev. Dr. Zachary, i. 62
- Griffith, Edward Montagu’s valet, i. 136, 140, 143
- Grinfield, Miss, dresser to George III.’s daughters, i. 256; ii. 84
- Grosmith, Rev. ——, i. 85
- Grosvenor, Mrs., i. 255
- Grosvenor, Sir Richard, 1st Earl, ii. 156, 217
- Grounen, Mr., i. 261
- Guerin, Mr., i. 183
- Guilford, Earl of, i. 63{135}
- Gunning, John, of Castle Coote, Roscommon, i. 270
- Gunning, Elizabeth, (1) Duchess of Hamilton, (2) Duchess of Argyll, i. 270, 287, 288; ii. 252{333}
- Gunning, Kitty, Mrs. Robert Travers, i. 270
- Gunning, Maria, Countess of Coventry, i. 270; ii. 18
- H
- Habeas Corpus Bill, ii. 127
- Hagley House, Lyttelton’s place, ii. 192
- Halifax, Anne, Lady (née Dunk), i. 201
- Halifax, William, 2nd Marquis of, i. 18{30}; ii. 145
- Halifax, 2nd Earl of, i. 256
- Halifax, George, 5th Earl of, i. 104, 201; ii. 243
- Hallows, Mrs., Dr. Young’s lady housekeeper, ii. 248
- Hamilton, Mr., of Painshill, ii. 75
- Hamilton, Duke of, i. 167, 270{482}
- Hamilton, Duchess of (Elizabeth Gunning), i. 270, 287, 288; ii. 252{333}
- Hamilton, Lord William, ii. 2{3}
- Hammond, the poet, i. 25
- Hampton, the Temple at, ii. 130
- Hampton Court, Herefordshire, ii. 140, 141
- Handcock, Mrs., ii. 192
- Handcock, William, i. 267
- Handel, George Frederick, i. 27, 44, 70, 92, 131, 274
- Hanmer, Lady Catherine, i. 162
- Hanoverian troops, employed by England, i. 130, 134, 135, 137, 173
- Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of, i. 7{9}; ii. 127, 192, 212, 262, 266
- Hardwicke, 2nd Earl of, ii. 127, 217
- Hare, Dr. Francis, Bishop of St. Asaph and Chichester, i. 50
- Hare, Mrs., i. 50
- Harleian MSS. in British Museum, i. 8, 83; ii. 243
- Harley, Lady Margaret Cavendish. See Portland, Duchess of
- Harley, Mr., i. 104
- Harrington, William Stanhope, 1st Earl of, i. 48;
- President of the Council, i. 102;
- Viceroy of Ireland, i. 260
- Harris, History of Kent, i. 7; ii. 14
- Hart, Governor, ii. 106
- Hartley, Dr. David, i. 254
- Hastenbeck, battle of, ii. 56, 58
- Hawke, Sir Edward, Lord, ii. 89, 116, 118, 120, 121
- Hawkesworth, LL.D., John, Oriental Tales, ii. 247
- Hawkins, Mr., Surgeon, i. 158, 161–163
- Hay, Lord Charles, ii. 116
- Hay, Rev. Robert, Archbishop of York, i. 47
- Hay, Hon. John, i. 51, 61
- Hay, Dr., ii. 95
- Hayton Farm, i. 66
- Hearne, Thomas, Diary, i. 12{17}; ii. 62
- Heberden, Dr. William, i. 276
- Hell Fire Club, i. 218
- Helvetius, Claud Adrien, De l’Esprit, ii. 157
- Henrietta Maria, Queen, i. 264
- Henry II., i. 150
- Henry IV. of France, ii. 18{27}
- Henry VIII., i. 151
- Heraclius II., King of Georgia and Armenia, ii. 101
- Heraclius, Prince, ii. 162
- Herbert, Mr., of Highclere Castle, Hants, i. 253; ii. 38, 39, 103
- Hereford, 6th Viscount, i. 39{68}
- Hereford, Lady, i. 39
- Herring, Thomas, Archbishop of York, i. 209; ii. 53, 54, 61, 63, 71, 78
- Herring, Mrs., ii. 54, 65
- Herring, Dr., Chancellor of York, ii. 175
- Hertford, Lord, i. 249
- Hervey, John, Lord, Pope’s “Sporus,” ii. 192{277}
- Hervey, Rev. James, The Complaint, or Thoughts on Time, Death, and Friendship, i. 136, 138
- Hervey, George William, Baron, 2nd Earl of Bristol, i. 234
- Hervey, Lady (Mary Lepell), ii. 178, 192, 201, 207
- Hesse Cassel, Frederick, Landgrave of, i. 53
- Hessians, the, i. 221
- Hickman, Dr., i. 149
- “Hide” Park, i. 178, 179
- Hillsborough, Lady, ii. 123
- Hillsborough, Lord, ii. 96
- Hinchinbroke, Lady (Elizabeth Popham), ii. 113
- Hinchinbroke, Lord, afterwards 5th Earl of Sandwich, i. 138, 271; ii. 113, 232
- Hinchinbroke House, Huntingdon, i. 269
- Hinxham, John, bookseller, ii. 174
- Hoadley, Dr. Benjamin, The Suspicious Husband, i. 236
- Hoare, Mr., of Stourhead, the banker, ii. 206{291}
- Hoare, artist, his portrait of Mrs. Montagu, i. 265, 272
- Hoare, Mrs., i. 58
- Hog, Mrs., French maid to the Duchess of Portland’s children, i. 89
- Holborn, Admiral, ii. 74
- Holdernesse, Sir Conyers D’Arcy, 6th Earl of, i. 209, 293; ii. 6
- Holland, Henry Fox, 1st Baron, i. 105; ii. 94, 95
- Holler’s Prints, i. 103
- Hollins, Dr., i. 162
- Honeywood, General, i. 161
- Hood, Admiral, 1st Viscount Bridport, ii. 135
- Hooke, Nathaniel, Duchess of Marlborough’s Memoirs, i. 103{216}, 296;
- History of Rome, i. 296; ii. 12, 18, 19, 41, 45, 46, 70, 90;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 65
- Hopetoun, Lord, ii. 168
- Hoquart, Admiral, ii. 74
- Horace, i. 71, 72
- Hounslow Heath, i. 164
- Howard, Brigadier-General, i. 39
- Howard, Thomas, 6th Earl of Berkshire and 14th Earl of Suffolk, i. 39, 46
- Howard, Lord, i. 46
- Howe, Captain, ii. 126
- Hoyle, on Chess, i. 252
- Hume, David (History of James I. and Charles I.), i. 263; ii. 68, 91, 195, 211
- Hume, Mrs. David, ii. 91
- Hunter, Mr., ii. 95
- Huntingdon, Francis, 10th Earl of, ii. 214
- Huntingdon, Lady, the patroness of the “Huntingdon Connexion” branch of the Methodists, ii. 214{297}
- Huntingdon Ball, i. 270
- Hurst Castle, i. 248
- Hussey, Edward, Earl of Beaulieu, i. 201, 267
- Hutchinson, Rev. John, Moseis Principia, ii. 87
- I
- Inoculation for smallpox, i. 149, 158
- Inquisition, Court of, ii. 15
- Inverary Castle, ii. 165
- Iremonger, Mrs., of Wherwell, Hants, ii. 23
- Irvine, Henry, Viscount, i. 95{196}
- Irwin, Lord, i. 164
- Isaacson, Anthony, ii. 129, 151{227}
- Isaacson, Mrs. Anthony (Mary Creagh), ii. 129, 151{227}
- Isaacson, Montagu, ii. 151, 156
- Isted, Mrs., Mrs. Montagu’s housekeeper, i. 292; ii. 8, 12, 19, 20, 56
- Ives, Mrs., ii. 57
- J
- James II., i. 156{288}
- Jarret, a jobmaster, ii. 188
- Jefferies, Judge, i. 49{98}
- Jefferies, an ostler at the Pelican Inn, Newbury, ii. 23
- Jeffreys, Baron, of Wem, ii. 257{337}
- Jenny, Sarah Robinson’s maid, i. 164
- Jersey, Earl of, i. 50{101}
- Jew Bill, ii. 33
- Johnson, B., Volpone, ii. 24
- Johnson, Dr. Samuel, ii. 54, 105, 162;
- Lives of the Poets, i. 283;
- on R. Berenger, i. 284;
- Rasselas, ii. 161;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 161, 173
- Jones, a merchant of Huntingdon, ii. 39
- Jones, Inigo, i. 242{432}; ii. 35
- Jordain, Monsieur, ii. 37, 267
- Joseph I., of Portugal, ii. 158;
- attempted assassination of, ii. 180
- “Jumps,” a kind of stays, i. 259
- Jurin, Dr. James, i. 268
- K
- Keith, Field-Marshal, i. 95
- Kennet, Mrs., wet-nurse, i. 148, 183
- Kent, Duchess of (Sophia Bentinck), i. 60, 61
- Kent, Henry (Grey), 1st Duke of, i. 60{131}
- Kilmarnock, Earl of, i. 231
- King’s lectures, ii. 38, 40
- Kingston, Duchess of (née Chudleigh), i. 265
- Kingston, Evelyn, Duke of, i. 50{104}, 237
- Kingston, 2nd Duke of, i. 149, 190, 286;
- Kinnoull, 7th Earl of, i. 47{93}, 61{93}
- Kinnoull, 8th Earl of, i. 8, 9, 44, 46, 54; ii. 84, 85, 168, 179
- Kirke, Gilbert, i. 55{123}
- Kirke, Thomas, i. 55
- Kloster-Seven, Convention of, ii. 111
- Knatchbull, Sir Wyndham, 5th Baronet, i. 20, 32, 36
- Knatchbull, Lady, i. 21
- Knatchbull, Miss, i. 21
- Knight, Mrs. (née Robinson), i. 179, 256
- Knollys, Lady Katherine, afterwards Law, i. 22, 33
- Kollin (Bohemia), Frederick the Great defeated at the battle of, ii. 114
- Kouli Khan, ii. 99
- L
- Lambard, Mr., ii. 188
- Lambarts, the, ii. 253
- Lane, Mrs., of Bramham Park, Yorkshire, ii. 37
- Langham, Lady, ii. 43, 55, 57, 87
- Langham, Lord John, i. 278
- l’Angle, Rev. Samuel de, Prebendary of Westminster, i. 52
- Lansdowne, Lady (Lady Mary Villiers), i. 50
- Lansdowne, George Granville, Lord, i. 50
- La Perche, Count Thomas de, i. 151
- La Perche, Geoffry, 4th Earl de, i. 150
- Laud, Archbishop, i. 75{157}
- Law, John, the financier, i. 22, 23
- Law, Lady Katherine (née Knollys), i. 22, 23
- Layton, Francis, of Rawdon, i. 55{123}
- Layton, Lucy, afterwards Mrs. Leonard Robinson, i. 2, 4
- Le Despencer, Sir Francis Dashwood, Lord, i. 218
- Lee, Colonel, i. 60
- Lee, Dr., i. 93, 94
- Lee, Lady Betty (afterwards Young), i. 59, 60
- Leeds, Duchess of (Lady Harriet Godolphin), i. 51
- Leeds, Thomas, 4th Duke of, i. 51; ii. 209
- Legge, Hon. Harry, Lord of the Treasury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. 231; ii. 49, 83, 84, 95, 153
- Leicester, Lord, ii. 165
- Leigh Place, Sir John Evelyn’s, ii. 75
- Leland, Dr., Observations of Lord Bolingbroke’s Letter, ii. 25;
- Life of Philip of Macedon, ii. 159
- Lely, Sir Peter, his portrait of 1st Earl of Sandwich, ii. 249
- l’Enclos, Ninon de, ii. 113
- Leslie, Mr., i. 293, 294
- Lestock, i. 177
- Levens Hall, Westmoreland, Lord Berkshire’s seat, i. 224
- Lichfield, Earl of, i. 60
- Lichfield, Marquis of, i. 93
- Liddell, Mr., of Newton, ii. 224
- Light, Anthony, i. 2, 55
- Light, Mrs. Elizabeth (née Clarke), afterwards Mrs. Thomas Robinson, i. 2
- Light, Lydia, afterwards Mrs. Thomas Kirke, then Mrs. Robert Lumley, i. 55
- Ligonier, Field Marshal John, Earl of, i. 216, 218
- Lincoln, Lady (Catherine Pelham), ii. 187
- Lindsey, John, 7th Earl of, and 17th Earl of Crawford, i. 41
- Linnell, Mr., i. 294; ii. 17
- Lisbon, earthquake at, ii. 85
- Lisle, Miss, i. 245
- Locke, ii. 61, 62
- Lodge, Peerage of Irish Peers, i. 191
- Lodomie, dentist, ii. 209
- Lombe, John, inventor of silk-weaving engine, i. 201{371}
- Lonsdale, 3rd Viscount, i. 209
- Loudoun, Earl of, i. 206;
- Commander-in-Chief of English in America, ii. 115
- Louis XIV., i. 291, 295; ii. 18
- Louis XV., i. 175
- Louisburg, ii. 76, 116, 134;
- taken, ii. 140, 154
- Lovat, Lord, beheaded, i. 235, 253
- Lowther, Mrs., ii. 149
- Lucian, Triumph of the Gout, i. 283; ii. 47
- Lumley, Elizabeth (Mrs. Laurence Sterne), i. 3, 55, 73–75, 84, 230
- Lumley, Rev. Robert, i. 55, 230
- Lumley Castle, ii. 139
- Lyster, Mrs., ii. 167
- Lyttelton, Rev. Charles, Dean of Exeter, afterwards Bishop of Carlisle, i. 201, 284; ii. 96, 115, 136, 149, 208, 209, 262
- Lyttelton, Sir George, 1st Lord, i. 64, 278; ii. 8, 11, 22, 25, 30, 32, 35, 60, 93, 168, 245, 250, 252, 255, 260, 267;
- Observations on Cicero, i. 82;
- Mrs. Montagu on his Verses, i. 90;
- his first marriage, i. 110;
- Monody, i. 253, 254;
- Dissertation on Saint Paul, i. 283;
- his second marriage, ii. 11;
- his friend Bishop Berkeley, ii. 15;
- calls Mrs. Montagu “Madonna,” ii. 16, 50, 72;
- Hagley, ii. 41, 192;
- cofferer, ii. 49;
- Bower’s fervid Italian, ii. 50;
- his tour in North Wales, ii. 72;
- Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. 84;
- Gilbert West’s reinstatement at Chelsea, ii. 85;
- a peer, ii. 96;
- History of Henry II., ii. 96, 148, 159, 192, 256;
- “is got pure well,” ii. 115;
- reproves Lord Temple in the House of Lords, ii. 127;
- his amusing letter to Dr. Monsey, ii. 132;
- Mrs. Montagu’s eau de luce accident, ii. 145;
- Dr. Monsey’s doggerel verses on, ii. 154;
- Dialogues of the Dead, ii. 181, 182, 200, 204, 207;
- at the Coronation, ii. 259;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 81, 90, 94, 135, 140, 148, 150, 165, 172, 178, 179, 186, 192, 201, 203–205, 209, 212, 213, 261, 264;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, ii. 89, 96, 134, 164, 167, 172, 185, 191, 194, 205, 210, 215
- Lyttelton, Lucy, Lady (née Fortescue), 1st wife, i. 110, 253
- Lyttelton, Lady (née Rich), 2nd wife, ii. 11, 72, 115
- Lyttelton, Miss, ii. 255
- Lyttelton, Sir Richard, ii. 95, 191
- Lyttelton, Thomas, 2nd Lord, i. 253; ii. 50, 86, 89, 140, 150, 165, 167, 168, 261;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 141, 166, 168, 179;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, ii. 139, 193, 253
- Lyttelton, Sir Thomas, ii. 182{266}
- Lyttelton, William Henry, created Baron Westcote of Ballymore, i. 284; ii. 32;
- Governor of South Carolina, ii. 68, 78;
- Governor of Jamaica, ii. 182
- M
- Macartney, Mr., ii. 6{8}
- Macpherson, Highland Poems, ii. 194, 197, 205, 211, 234, 257, 268
- Mahon, Lady (Hester Pitt), afterwards Lady Stanhope, ii. 82
- Maillebois, Field Marshal Jean Des Marets, i. 220
- Maintenon, Madame de, i. 38{62}; ii. 19;
- Memoirs of, ii. 154
- Mainwaring, Mrs., i. 177
- Mallet, David, Scottish poet, i. 54
- Malton, 6th Baron of, i. 209
- Manchester, Isabella, Duchess of, i. 201;
- remarries Edward Hussey, i. 267
- Manchester, 2nd Duke of, i. 201{365}
- Mangey, Rev. Dr., ii. 54
- Mann, Horace Walpole’s Letters to Sir H., i. 264{467}, 274, 287
- Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of, Lord Chief Justice, “Silver-tongued Murray,” i. 138; ii. 124, 127, 190
- March, 3rd Earl of, afterwards Duke of Queensberry, i. 269, 286
- Marchmont, Lord, ii. 211
- Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, ii. 114, 146
- Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of, i. 51{110}, 267; ii. 118
- Marlborough, Charles Spencer, 2nd Duke of, i. 51; ii. 116
- Marlborough, Charles, 3rd Duke of, i. 54, 104, 154, 161, 171; ii. 102, 126, 142, 152, 154
- Marlborough, Elizabeth, Duchess of, ii. 152
- Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, i. 54, 94, 157, 165;
- her Account of Her Conduct (Memoirs), i. 103, 296
- Marriott, Mr., ii. 185
- Marsh, Mrs., i. 280
- Mary of Hesse, Princess (George II.’s daughter), i. 53
- Mason, Caractacus, ii. 161
- “Matadors,” term used in card-games, i. 40
- Matilda of Saxony (Countess de La Perche), i. 150
- Matthews, Admiral Thomas, i. 176, 177
- May, Mrs., i. 181
- Mead, Dr. Richard, i. 17, 82, 86, 88, 98, 128, 153, 155, 158, 160, 162, 199
- Meadowcourt, Rev. ——, Vicar of Lindridge, Worcester, ii. 135, 136, 203
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Princess Charlotte of, marries George III. ii. 249, 251, 252, 258–260
- Medows, Sir Philip, i. 277; ii. 82, 145
- Medows, Sir Sydney, i. 111; ii. 177
- Medows, Jemima, Lady (née Montagu), i. 111, 117, 128, 148, 149, 153, 154, 158, 184, 248, 262, 266, 273{487}; ii. 12, 61, 129, 144, 151, 163, 177;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 22, 57, 82
- Medows, Dorothy (née Boscawen), i. 277
- Melmoth, William, Letters of Pliny, ii. 242
- Mendip, Lord (Welbore Ellis), ii. 186
- Merle, M. de, French Ambassador to Portugal, ii. 181
- “Merlin chair,” i. 92
- Mersham Hatch, Sir W. Knatchbull’s place, i. 20, 32, 36
- Micklem, General E., ii. 106{159}
- Middleton, Dr. Conyers, i. 4, 5, 233, 275;
- Life of Cicero, i. 6, 29, 70, 71, 82;
- his second marriage, i. 10, 11, 14, 16;
- fails to obtain the Mastership of the Charter House, i. 19;
- Letters on the Use and Study of History, i. 90;
- his second wife’s death, i. 198;
- An Account of the Roman Senate, i. 234;
- his third wife, i. 237, 239, 241, 257;
- Free Enquiry into the Miraculous Powers, i. 263;
- death of, i. 276, 285, 292;
- his bust by Roubilliac in Trinity College, Cambridge, ii. 35, 36, 91;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 119, 123
- Middleton, Mrs. Conyers, No. 1 (previously Mrs. Drake), i. 5, 6
- Middleton, Mrs. Conyers, No. 2 (Mary Place), i. 10, 11, 14, 16, 180, 198
- Middleton, Mrs. Conyers, No. 3 (Anne Powell), i. 237, 241, 257, 275, 285, 292; ii. 35, 36, 91
- Middleton, 3rd Viscount, ii. 156
- Middleton’s Academy, ii. 100
- Midgham, seat of Mr. Poyntz, i. 169.
- Millar, architect, ii. 90, 121
- Millar, publisher, ii. 167, 234
- Miller, Joe, Book of Jests, i. 73
- Milles, Rev. Isaac, i. 172{310}
- Milner, Sir William and Lady, ii. 91
- Milton, John, i. 172; ii. 245
- Mincing, Mrs., i. 65
- Minden, battle of, ii. 165
- Minorca, ii. 140
- Mirepoix, M., French Ambassador, i. 284, 291; ii. 74
- Mirepoix, Madame, i. 284
- Mitchell, Mr., ii. 143
- Moivre, M. de, i. 286
- Molière, L’École des Femmes, i. 16;
- Precieuses Ridicules, ii. 55.
- Molyneux, Miss, i. 168
- Money, History of Newbury, i. 150
- Monkey Island, i. 54, 154
- Monsey, Dr. Messenger, private physician to Lord Godolphin, afterwards to Chelsea Hospital, ii. 98, 108, 111, 115, 117, 121, 129, 132, 134, 136, 145–147, 150, 152, 154, 165, 171, 186, 187, 194, 200, 212, 220, 225, 229, 235, 241, 262, 263, 266;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 133, 142, 155, 204, 208, 224;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letter to, ii. 102
- Montagu, Charles (Edward’s father), his first wife Elizabeth Forster, his second wife Sarah Rogers, i. 111, 188
- Montagu, Charles (Edward’s cousin), ii. 152
- Montagu, Crewe (Edward’s brother), i. 111; ii. 129
- Montagu, Edward, of Allerthorpe, i. 110;
- short account of, i. 111;
- marries Elizabeth Robinson, i. 114;
- the honeymoon, i. 117;
- his Whig principles, i. 127;
- guardian and manager to John Rogers and his estate, i. 146, 199, 234, 289–291; ii. 36;
- arms his tenants, i. 226;
- death of his steward and agent, i. 233;
- Edward Wortley Montagu, Junior, i. 237, 238, 243; ii. 167;
- the Huntingdon Elections, i. 239; ii. 39;
- James Montagu’s death, i. 262;
- Duke of Montagu’s death, i. 266;
- death of Edward Carter, ii. 51;
- John Rogers’ death and will, ii. 128, 137;
- Elizabeth’s eau de luce disaster, ii. 144;
- his illness, ii. 164;
- Durham Election, ii. 223, 228;
- old Wortley Montagu’s will, ii. 231;
- the Newbold Vernon picture, ii. 249
- Letters from his wife, i. 123, 127, 136, 159, 200, 235, 240, 252, 266, 270, 276, 281, 284, 285, 288, 291, 292; ii. 6, 11–13, 16, 30, 33–35, 37–40, 49, 51–53, 56, 74, 90, 103, 107, 111, 112, 114, 123, 124, 126, 129, 151, 153, 156–158, 185, 187, 193, 199, 215–217, 219, 223, 226, 228–231, 251, 258
- His letters to his wife, i. 129, 134–137, 146, 147, 171, 173–175, 182, 201, 205, 209, 211, 212, 233, 234, 239–241, 269, 282, 285, 286, 289, 290, 292; ii. 4, 14, 35, 36, 39, 84, 104, 106, 112, 188, 218, 223, 231, 232, 249
- Montagu, Edward (Elizabeth’s godson), i. 271
- Montagu, George, Horace Walpole’s Letters to, i. 275; ii. 178
- Montagu, James (Edward’s half-brother), i. 111, 188, 232; ii. 249;
- death of, i. 262
- Montagu, Hon. James (Edward’s cousin), ii. 152{232}
- Montagu, Jemima (Edward’s sister), afterwards Lady Medows, q.v.
- Montagu, John (Edward’s brother), i. 111; ii. 129
- Montagu, John, “Punch” (Edward’s son), i. 149, 165, 166, 168, 169, 178, 182–186, 188;
- death of, i. 191; ii. 119
- Montagu, Captain John, i. 240
- Montagu, Hon. Mrs. Sarah, i. 151
- Montagu, Captain William, i. 286
- Montagu, Edward Wortley, i. 51, 237, 239; ii. 87, 112;
- illness and death, ii. 229–231
- Montagu, Junr., Edward Wortley, i. 51, 237–240, 243, 261, 286, 287; ii. 167, 197, 249
- Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (née Pierpoint), i. 50, 51, 237;
- introduces inoculation into England, i. 35{57}
- Montagu, Hon. Sidney Wortley, i. 237, 239, 244
- Montagu, Hon. Mrs. Sidney Wortley (Anne Wortley), i. 237
- Montagu, Matthew (Elizabeth’s nephew), 4th Baron Rokeby, The Letters of Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu, i. 6
- Montagu, Lady Barbara, i. 256, 260, 266, 270, 284, 293; ii. 7, 11, 29, 58, 59, 75, 78, 79, 87, 93, 105, 163, 247, 266
- Montagu, John, 2nd Duke of, Master of the Wardrobe, and Grand Master of the Order of the Bath, i. 182, 201{365}, 216, 218, 219, 237, 238, 244, 248, 266, 267
- Montagu, 3rd Duke of, ii. 92, 113
- Montfort, 1st Baron, i. 286; ii. 67
- Moor, Captain, i. 80
- Moore, Deputy Governor of Jamaica, ii. 182
- Moore, Edward, publisher of The World, ii. 25
- Mordaunt, Sir John, ii. 116, 118, 120, 121, 158
- More, Hannah, i. 284
- Morgan, Rev. ——, curate of Newtown, i. 271, 272
- Morgan, Jacky and Nanny, i. 272
- Morley, Dr., ii. 77, 185
- Mornington, Garrett Wesley or Wellesley, 1st Earl, i. 169; ii. 80
- Mornington, Baron, ii. 80
- Morris, Matthew Robinson (Elizabeth’s brother), i. 194; ii. 13
- Morris, Morris Drake, i. 4, 5, 73
- Morris, Sarah (Mrs. Robert Drake), i. 4
- Morris, Thomas, i. 4, 229
- Morritt, John B. Saurey, i. 2
- Morton, Charles, Curator of British Museum, ii. 243, 256, 257
- Mount Bevis, i. 247, 248
- Mount Edgecumbe, Countess of (née Gilbert), ii. 73
- Mount Morris, or Monk’s Horton, near Hythe, home of the Robinsons, i. 4, 7, 73, 74, 229; ii. 14
- Mountrath, 6th Earl of, i. 169
- Murrain, cattle, i. 219
- Murray, Secretary, i. 235
- N
- Nash, Miss, i. 167
- Nash, Richard (“Beau Nash”), i. 167; ii. 39;
- his threatened History of Bath, etc., ii. 59, 60
- National Biography, Dictionary of, i. 7, 97; ii. 15, 146, 189
- National Portrait Gallery, ii. 258
- Naylor, Miss Maria, i. 286, 287
- Ned, Montagu’s head-groom, ii. 188, 199
- Nedham, Mrs., ii. 94
- Neustra Signora de Cabodonga, Spanish treasure-ship captured by Lord Anson, i. 186
- Newbold Vernon, i. 188
- Newcastle-on-Tyne, Mrs. Montagu’s description of, ii. 138
- Newcastle-on-Tyne, John Holles, 1st Duke of, i. 7
- Newcastle-under-Lyne, Thomas Pelham, 1st Duke of, i. 51, 288; ii. 49, 94, 95, 142, 187{273}, 212, 217
- Newcastle, Duchess of, i. 288; ii. 121
- Newton, Dr., Dissertation on the Prophecies, ii. 159
- Newton, Mr., valuer, i. 290
- Newton, Sir Isaac, ii. 91{127}
- Newton, Sir T., Roubilliac’s statue of, ii. 36
- Nicholson, Bishop, ii. 15
- Nicholson, John, i. 145
- Nivernois, Duc de, ii. 266
- Nixon’s drawing of the Coffee-house, Bath, i. 255{456}
- Norfolk, Dowager Duchess of (née Sherburne), i. 39, 42
- Norfolk, Duchess of (Mary Blount), i. 17, 102, 125, 288
- Norfolk, Edward, 9th Duke of, i. 17{27}, 102{212}
- Norfolk, 15th Duke of, i. 39{72}
- Norfolk, Edward Howard, 16th Duke of, i. 125; ii. 257
- Norman, Mrs., ii. 267
- Norris, Admiral Sir John, i. 176
- North, 7th Baron, afterwards Earl of Guilford, i. 63{135}
- North, Lady, i. 93
- North American campaign, ii. 134
- Northampton, Elizabeth, Countess of, i. 273
- Northampton, 11th Earl of, i. 273{489}; ii. 161
- Northfleet Fair, i. 99
- Northumberland, Hugh Smithson, 15th Earl, 1st Duke of, ii. 99, 101, 102, 146, 154, 166
- Norwood, J. D., i. 97, 255
- Notes and Queries, ii. 23
- Nottingham Castle, i. 121
- Nugent, Mr., ii. 95
- O
- Offleys, the, i. 167
- Ogle, Mrs., ii. 173
- Oglethorpe, General James Edward, i. 210, 213
- Old and New London, i. 46
- Onslow, 3rd Baron, i. 286
- Orange, Princess of, i. 86; ii. 156
- Orford, Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of, i. 100, 101, 104, 156, 157, 171, 190{204}
- Orrery, Charles Boyle, 4th Earl, Observations on the Life and Writings of Dr. Swift, ii. 18, 85
- Osborne, Admiral, ii. 154
- Ossian, ii. 267, 268
- Otway, Thomas, Orphan, i. 177
- Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of, i. 9, 83, 104
- Oxford, Edward, 2nd Earl of, i. 7, 8, 46, 54–57, 62, 82, 83
- Oxford, Edward Harley, 24th Earl of, ii. 140, 141
- Oxford, Countess of (Henrietta Cavendish), i. 7, 8, 54, 83{168}, 86, 133, 157, 226
- P
- Page, Sir Gregory, i. 28
- Page, Mr. (brother of above), i. 28, 29
- Palgrave, Mr., ii. 208
- Palmer, Sir Thomas, of Wingham, Kent, i. 21{42}
- Panmure, Lord, ii. 216
- Pannel, Captain, ii. 188
- Panton, Master of the King’s Racers, i. 279
- Paul, Father, History of the Council of Trent, i. 124
- Pegu, king of, ii. 124
- Pelham, Right Hon. Henry, i. 100, 102, 171, 220; ii. 49, 187{273}
- Pembroke, Earl of, i. 249{445}
- Pembroke, Henry, 28th Earl of, i. 273
- Pembroke, Henry, 29th Earl of, ii. 160
- Pembroke, Lady, ii. 185
- Pendarves, Mrs. (née Granville), afterwards Mrs. Delany, “Pen,” i. 18, 25, 40, 43–47, 50{100}, 56, 57, 98, 103, 116, 146;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 101, 116, 131.
- See also Delany, Mrs.
- Pendarves, W., i. 18{29}
- Penshurst pictures, ii. 34
- Percival, Lord, i. 94
- Percival, Mrs., i. 160, 288
- Percival, Hon. Philip, i. 41, 160, 259
- Perth, 3rd titular Duke of, i. 213
- Peter the Great, i. 95{193}
- Peterborough, Lady (Anastasia Robinson), i. 22, 169
- Peterborough, Earl of, i. 22, 247
- Petrowna, Czarina Elizabeth, i. 95
- Philip, Agnes (Mrs. Ralph Robinson), i. 2
- Pierce, Jerry, ii. 4
- Pigott, Captain, i. 260
- Pinchbeck, Christopher, i. 46
- Pitt, Miss Anne, i. 58, 64, 255; ii. 213, 216
- Pitt, Mrs. George (Penelope Atkyns), i. 265; ii. 158, 163
- Pitt, Miss Hester, afterwards Lady Mahon, then Stanhope, ii. 82
- Pitt, Lady Hester (née Grenville), ii. 60, 63, 65, 77, 78, 81, 82, 94, 115, 158;
- created Baroness of Chatham, ii. 265
- Pitt, John, Viscount, ii. 95
- Pitt, Miss Mary, i. 64; ii. 51, 53, 69, 73, 77, 78, 81, 94, 95, 158, 170, 265
- Pitt, Thomas, of Boconoc, Cornwall, ii. 153, 266;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 180
- Pitt, William, afterwards 1st Earl of Chatham, “the great commoner,” i. 58, 64{139}; ii. 1, 22, 35, 41, 45, 53, 77, 78, 83, 85, 111, 173, 216;
- his speeches in the House of Commons, i. 137, 138, 171; ii. 153, 156;
- Sarah Robinson on, i. 167;
- obtains for Gilbert West the Clerkship of the Privy Council, ii. 4;
- his house, South Lodge, Enfield, ii. 8, 10;
- his hospitality to West, ii. 9;
- authorship of The Adventurer attributed to, ii. 25;
- his insomnia, ii. 30–33;
- at Tunbridge Wells, ii. 37, 40;
- King’s lectures, ii. 38;
- Bath, ii. 43;
- gout in his hand, ii. 51;
- appoints West paymaster of Chelsea. College, ii. 51, 52;
- marries Lady Hester Grenville, ii. 60, 61, 63, 64;
- his daughter’s birth, ii. 82;
- v. Fox, ii. 84;
- purchases Mrs. Montagu’s Hayes house, ii. 94;
- his son John’s birth, ii. 95;
- a sharp attack of gout, ii. 96, 98;
- Secretary of State, ii. 96, 262;
- the Mordaunt Expedition, ii. 116;
- and Lord Royston, ii. 128;
- and Emin, ii. 154;
- his “great compliments” to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 157;
- Burke’s application for the Madrid consulship, ii. 170;
- the pictures at Hagley, ii. 172;
- a mark of the City’s affection, ii. 213;
- Duke of Newcastle and, ii. 217;
- and the Lord Mayor, ii. 220;
- the intended expedition to France, ii. 226;
- receives a barony for Lady Hester and a pension for three lives, ii. 264;
- his “act of humility,” ii. 265
- Place, Rev. Conyers, i. 10{14}
- Place, Mary, afterwards Mrs. Conyers Middleton, i. 10, 11, 14, 16, 180, 198
- Plumtree, Dr., i. 276
- Pocock, Mrs. (née Milles), i. 172, 173
- Pococke, Mrs., ii. 69, 208
- Pococke, Miss, ii. 79
- Pococke, Rev. Dr. Richard, Bishop of Ossory and Meath, i. 173; ii. 61, 69, 204, 208, 211;
- Descriptions of the East, etc., i. 241
- Polignac, Madame de, ii. 98
- Pomfret, Countess of, ii. 256, 260;
- her death, ii. 261, 267, 268
- Pomfret, 1st Earl of, i. 179; ii. 256{337}
- Pondicherry, taken by the English, ii. 250
- Pope, Alexander, i. 7, 54{118}; ii. 57, 113;
- his epitaph—“Under the marble, etc.,” i. 24;
- Dunciad, i. 38{61}, 172;
- Letters, i. 89;
- his villa at Twickenham, i. 163;
- at Mount Bevis, i. 247;
- Universal Prayer, i. 248;
- “ill health is an early old age,” ii. 8;
- on Silence, ii. 55;
- on Virtue, ii. 82;
- “the story of the great, etc.,” ii. 123;
- conscience “the god within the mind,” ii. 157;
- “Sporus,” ii. 192{277};
- on Sir John Cutler’s funeral, ii. 202
- Porpora, i. 16{23}, 27{50}
- Portland, Duchess of (Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley), i. 8, 12, 13, 23, 44–46, 48–50, 55, 56, 60–62, 65, 69, 76, 81, 86, 87, 103, 146, 160; ii. 43–45, 80, 148;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 13, 22, 26, 82–85, 99, 100, 102, 103, 124, 128, 133, 149, 157, 176;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, i. 8–12, 14, 16–20, 27, 28, 31, 36, 38–43, 66, 99, 114, 120, 125, 131, 133, 138, 152–155, 158, 163, 169, 170, 172; ii. 196
- Portland, William Henry, 1st Duke of, i. 81
- Portland, William, 2nd Duke of, i. 12, 44, 45, 48, 61, 92, 100, 115, 170; ii. 43, 80;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 34, 36, 76
- Portland, William Henry, 3rd Duke of, i. 26, 28
- Portland, Earl of, i. 49{98}
- Potter, Mr., ii. 111
- Potts, Mr., i. 189
- Powell, Anne, 3rd Mrs. Conyers Middleton, q.v.
- Powis, Lord, i. 269
- Poyntz, Stephen, of Midgham, i. 169; ii. 147{50}
- Poyntz, Mrs., i. 148
- Pratt, 1st Earl of Camden, ii. 217, 250
- Preston Pans, i. 206
- Pretender, the, i. 174, 175, 205, 216; ii. 39
- Price, Robert, ii. 136
- Prichard, Mrs., actress, ii. 234
- Primrose, Anne, Lady (née Drelincourt), i. 235; ii. 192
- Primrose, 3rd Viscount, i. 235{419}; ii. 192{279}
- Primrose, Mrs., ii. 267
- Prior, Matthew, i. 38, 57{127}
- Pulses, the Miss, ii. 12, 22
- Pulteney, General, ii. 11, 185
- Pulteney, Lord, ii. 227
- Purdie, Mrs., i. 254
- Q
- Quadrille, a card-game, i. 40
- Quarle, Emblems, i. 73
- Quebec, taken by English, ii. 171, 172
- Queensberry, Catherine Hyde, Duchess of (Prior’s “Kitty”), i. 57, 63
- Queensberry, Charles, 3rd Duke of, i. 57{127}, 63{138}, 286
- Queensborough, Duke of, i. 249
- Quin, the actor, i. 47;
- as “Falstaffe,” i. 237
- R
- Ramsay, Allan, poet, The Gentle Shepherd, etc., ii. 195
- Ramsay, Allan (son of above), portrait painter, i. 279; ii. 147, 195, 211
- Ramsay, Mrs. Allan, ii. 195
- Ramsay, Dr., ii. 133
- Ranelagh, a masquerade at, i. 264
- Ravensworth, Lord, ii. 138, 165, 201
- Reynolds, Sir Joshua, his portrait of Lord Bath, ii. 258, 268, 269
- Rich, Field Marshal Sir Robert, ii. 72{86}
- Richardson, Adam, ii. 183, 184, 229
- Richardson, Miss M. (afterwards Mrs. William Robinson), ii. 183, 184
- Richardson, Samuel, Sir Charles Grandison, Pamela, Clarissa Harlowe, etc., i. 258; ii. 46, 250, 260{339}
- Richmond, Charles, 2nd Duke of, i. 100; ii. 97
- Richmond, 7th Duke of, i. 216, 218
- Ridley, Mayor of Newcastle, i. 210
- Risback, ii. 168
- Rivers, George Pitt, Lord, i. 265{472}
- Rivers, Pitt, of Stratfieldsaye, i. 151
- Rivington, Mr., ii. 208
- Roberts, E. Sage, ii. 48
- Robertson of Strowan, 7th Baron, i. 2
- Robertson, William, of Kendal, i. 2
- Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, the, i. 1
- Robinson, Charles, “Poor Pigg” (brother), i. 5, 121, 130, 131, 136, 139, 182, 224, 262, 272; ii. 52
- Robinson, Deborah, Lady (née Collet), i. 2
- Robinson, George, i. 216
- Robinson, Grace, afterwards Mrs. William Freind, q.v.
- Robinson, Henry (brother of above), i. 80
- Robinson, Henry, of Kendal, i. 2
- Robinson, John (brother), i. 5, 121, 130, 131, 136, 139, 247, 253, 258; ii. 7
- Robinson, Sir Leonard, i. 2, 4
- Robinson, Matthew (father), i. 2, 3, 6, 11, 14, 16, 34, 76, 118, 129, 219, 232, 243; ii. 23, 156;
- his letter to his daughter Elizabeth, i. 237;
- Elizabeth’s letters to, i. 54, 62, 104, 236, 287; ii. 201
- Robinson, Mrs. Matthew, Elizabeth Drake (mother), i. 4, 7, 34, 35, 149, 215, 227;
- her letters to her daughter Elizabeth, i. 176, 180–182, 196, 198, 222, 225;
- Elizabeth’s letters to, i. 46, 48, 50, 61, 87, 88, 93, 94, 116, 141, 180, 226
- Robinson, Matthew (brother), afterwards 2nd Baron Rokeby, i. 5, 34, 70, 74, 83, 84, 86, 87, 91, 129, 186, 229, 240, 259, 265, 270, 282, 291; ii. 14, 65, 69, 93;
- M.P. for Canterbury, i. 252, 253;
- presents address to George III., ii. 228;
- his letters to his sister Elizabeth, i. 73, 77, 260
- Robinson, Rev. Dr. Matthew, i. 122
- Robinson, Matthew (son of Morris), 4th Baron Rokeby, i. 1, 6, 254; ii. 92, 174
- Robinson, Morris (brother), i. 5, 107, 129, 166, 174, 187, 233, 235; ii. 13, 49, 92, 123, 129, 152, 184, 191, 228
- Robinson, Mrs. Morris (Jane Greenland), ii. 92, 111, 184
- Robinson, Morris (son of above), 3rd Baron Rokeby, ii. 111
- Robinson, Ralph, i. 2
- Robinson, Rev. Dr. Richard (cousin), Archbishop of Armagh, 1st Baron Rokeby, ii. 2
- Robinson, Captain Robert (brother), i. 5, 18, 24, 47, 128, 131, 182, 224, 233, 262, 266, 279, 282; ii. 10, 88
- Robinson, Sarah (sister), afterwards Mrs. George Lewis Scott, “Pea,” i. 5, 21, 34, 37, 78, 117, 135, 143, 146, 148, 158, 163–165, 174, 194, 195, 208, 213, 224, 252, 256, 260, 266, 293; ii. 10, 52, 87, 88, 93, 94, 105, 266;
- engagement, i. 270;
- marriage, i. 284;
- and separation, ii. 5–7, 44;
- her daily life at Bath Easton, ii. 78, 79;
- Millenium Hall, by a Gentleman on his Travels, ii. 79{99};
- her letters to her sister Elizabeth, i. 64, 164, 166–168, 219, 280; ii. 59, 97, 144;
- Elizabeth’s letters to, i. 45–47, 53, 56, 60, 61, 63, 65, 74, 88–90, 95–97, 108, 149, 165, 178, 183, 184, 186, 187, 215, 248, 258, 262, 264, 271, 279; ii. 1, 20, 29, 33, 54, 58, 67, 69, 75, 79, 86, 118, 184, 246
- Robinson, Sir Septimus, i. 177; ii. 2
- Robinson, “Short” Sir Thomas, Lord Grantham, i. 259, 260, 277, 288
- Robinson, Lady (wife of above), i. 277
- Robinson, “Long” Sir Thomas, i. 2, 30, 47, 100, 112, 123; ii. 2, 42, 275–277
- Robinson, Thomas, i. 2, 3
- Robinson, Thomas (brother), Common Law of Kent, or Customs of Gavelkind, i. 5, 32, 97, 129, 137, 140, 251, 254, 255
- Robinson, Mrs. Thomas (afterwards Mrs. Anthony Light), i. 55
- Robinson, Ursula, i. 2
- Robinson of Rokeby, William, i. 2, 177; ii. 2
- Robinson, Rev. William (brother), i. 5, 121, 130, 131, 136, 139, 247, 253, 258, 285;
- Rector of Burghfield, Berks, ii. 1, 2, 9, 87, 93{121}, 183, 184, 229, 270
- Robinson, Mrs. William (wife of above), née Richardson, ii. 183, 184, 229
- Robinson, Sir William (cousin), ii. 2
- Robinsons and Sternes, pedigree of the, i. 3
- Rochester, Earl of, ii. 113
- Roger family of Oxwell Park, ii. 37{50}
- Rogers, a grocer, ii. 100
- Rogers, John, of Newcastle, i. 111, 144, 145
- Rogers, Mrs. John (Sarah Cock), i. 111
- Rogers, Junr., John, i. 144–147, 151, 234, 285, 289, 290; ii. 17, 51, 53, 128, 129, 151, 201
- Rogers, Junr., Mrs. John (Anne Delaval), ii. 129
- Rogers, Mrs. Elizabeth, ii. 129
- Rogers, Sarah (Mrs. Charles Montagu), i. 111, 144
- Rokeby, Sir Thomas, i. 2
- Rokeby, Rev. Dr. Richard Robinson, 1st Baron, Bishop of Killala, afterwards Archbishop of Armagh, ii. 2
- Rokeby, Matthew, 2nd Baron. See Robinson, Matthew (brother)
- Rokeby, Morris Robinson, 3rd Baron, ii. 111
- Rokeby, Matthew Robinson, 4th Baron, i. 1, 6, 254; ii. 92, 174
- Rolfe, Rev. Edmund, ii. 98
- Rolfe, Mrs. (née Alexander), ii. 98
- Rollin, ii. 25
- Rolt, Mrs., i. 202, 203
- Romney, 2nd Baron, i. 275; ii. 77
- Romney, Lady (Priscilla Pym), i. 275, 284; ii. 77
- Romney Marsh, i. 223
- Rook, Mrs., i. 128
- Rooke, Heyman, i. 4{6}
- Rosbach, battle of, ii. 122
- Rosebery, Lord, i. 235{419}
- Roubilliac, Louis François, sculptor, ii. 35, 36;
- his bust of Shakespeare, ii. 130{192}
- Rousseau, ii. 159
- Rowe, Nicholas, Poet Laureate, Fair Penitent, i. 177
- Royston, Lord, afterwards 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, ii. 127, 217
- Rush, Lady, i. 246
- Russia, revolution in (1741), i. 95
- Russians, defeated by Frederick the Great at Zorndorff, ii. 142
- Rust, Mr., travelling companion to Mr. Hoare’s son, ii. 206
- Rutland, 3rd Duke of, i. 216
- Ryder, Sir Dudley and Lady, i. 277
- S
- Sackville, Lady Caroline (afterwards Countess of Dorchester), i. 53
- Sackville, Lord George (afterwards Lord George Germaine), ii. 165, 212, 216
- St. Albans, 1st Duke of, i. 80{161}
- St. Evremont, ii. 113
- Saint Germain, Comte de, French General, i. 222
- St. Lazare, i. 80
- St. Malo, attempted invasion of France at, ii. 126–127
- St. Real, C. V. de, i. 70
- Sallier, Abbé, ii. 257
- Sandford, Lieutenant, i. 80
- Sandleford Priory, Berks, i. 150–152; ii. 278–280
- Sandwich, 1st Earl of, Lord High Admiral of the Fleet to Charles II., i. 51{105}, 111, 151, 237;
- Lely’s portrait of, ii. 249
- Sandwich, 3rd Earl of, ii. 113
- Sandwich, John, 4th Earl of, “Jemmy Twitcher,” i. 87, 138{264}, 174, 218, 219, 238, 240, 243, 244, 259–261, 265, 266, 268, 270, 286; ii. 33, 39, 69, 113, 230
- Sandwich, John Montagu, 5th Earl of, i. 138, 271; ii. 113, 232
- Sandwich, Dowager Countess of (Elizabeth Wilmot), ii. 113
- Sandwich, Dorothy, Lady (née Fane), i. 87, 138, 218, 244, 259–261, 265, 266, 269, 271; ii. 51, 69, 76, 113;
- her letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 103
- Sandys of Ombersley, Samuel, 1st Baron, Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. 102, 105, 130
- Sandys, Dr., i. 33, 45, 48, 54, 61, 98, 127, 138, 160
- Saumaize, M., i. 86
- Saunders, Admiral, ii. 89
- Savernake Forest House (Lord Bruce’s), i. 250
- Saxes, Maurice, Comte de, Field Marshal of France, i. 175
- Scarborough, 3rd Earl of, i. 63{136}
- Scarborough, Lady, i. 63
- Scarron, Paul, French satirist, Le Roman comique, etc., i. 38; ii. 19
- Scheemackers, sculptor, i. 190
- Schulenburg, Count, ii. 154
- Scotland, the 1745 rising in, i. 205–209, 214, 215
- Scott, Mrs., of Scott’s Hall, i. 35, 86; ii. 15
- Scott, “Cally” (afterwards Mrs. T. Best), i. 86, 103, 121, 184
- Scott, Cecilia, i. 86
- Scott, George, of Bristo, Scotland, i. 206
- Scott, George Lewis, i. 206, 211, 213, 219, 260, 280, 287, 292, 293;
- engagement, i. 270;
- marriage, i. 284;
- and separation, ii. 5–7, 44;
- dismissed from tutorship to the Princes, ii. 20;
- Commissioner of the Excise, ii. 97
- Scott, Mrs. George Lewis. See Robinson, Sarah
- Scudamore, Miss (Mrs. Scudamore), ii. 72, 185
- Secker, Thomas, Bishop of Oxford, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 71; ii. 42, 160, 260
- Secker, Mrs. Thomas, i. 71
- Selwyn, George, ii. 252
- Severn river, ii. 112
- Sevigné, Madame de, Letters, ii. 68
- Shadwell, Sir John and Lady, i. 50
- Shaftesbury, 3rd Earl of, Characteristics, i. 138; ii. 18
- Shaftoe, Mr., ii. 202
- Shakespeare, As You Like It, i. 47;
- King Lear, i. 253;
- Hamlet, ii. 20;
- Roubilliac’s bust of, ii. 130{192};
- his Plays compared with Greek Plays, ii. 206
- Shaw, Dr., of Tunbridge Wells, i. 289; ii. 11, 17
- Shaw, Dr. Thomas, Regius Professor of Greek, Oxford, traveller, botanist, antiquary, etc., i. 44, 189, 236, 258, 259, 288; ii. 88, 90, 121
- Sheep Leas (Mr. Weston’s place), ii. 75
- Shelley, Mrs., ii. 261
- Shenstone, William, poet, ii. 135
- Sherlock, Thomas, Bishop of Salisbury, and of London, i. 249, 269, 284; ii. 2, 3, 42, 43, 54, 55, 73, 77, 132, 147, 194, 220;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 198;
- his letter to George III., ii. 221
- Sherlock, Mrs. T., i. 249, 269; ii. 3, 42, 147
- Shirley, Lady F., i. 35
- Shobbington family, the, i. 49{98}
- Shrewsbury, Lord, ii. 2
- Shuttleworth, Mrs., i. 160; ii. 6
- Sidney, Sir Philip, Arcadia, i. 56, 249{446}
- Skerrit, Miss, i. 100, 101
- Skipper, Mr., i. 105
- Skipton, Dr., i. 82
- Sleidan, History of the Reformation, i. 124
- Sloane, Sir Hans, and his Museum, i. 103, 128; ii. 26, 98, 186, 243
- Sloper, Simon Adolphus, of West Woodhay House, i. 166, 242
- Smallpox, inoculation for, i. 35{57}, 149, 158
- Smith, Dr. Robert, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, founder of “Smith’s Prize,” i. 200; ii. 35, 36
- Smith, Sir Sidney, ii. 140, 247
- Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, ii. 2
- Smythe, Dr., ii. 250
- Solis, Antonio de, History of the Conquest of Mexico, ii. 135
- Somerset, Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of, i. 260
- Somerset, Charles, 6th Duke of (“The Proud Duke”), i. 269{480}
- Somerset, Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of, ii. 101
- Somerset, Duchess of (Lady Algernon Seymour), ii. 101
- Somerset, Edward Adolphus, 11th Duke of, i. 49{98}
- Somerset, Lord Noel, afterwards 4th Duke of Beaufort, i. 39, 41, 42
- Sophia, Princess, George I.’s daughter, i. 206
- Sophocles, Œdipus Coloneus, ii. 191;
- Philoctetes, ii. 206
- Soubise, Prince, ii. 122
- South Lodge, Enfield (Pitt’s house), ii. 8–10
- Southwell, Right Hon. Edward, i. 40, 253{451}, 293
- Southwell, Mrs. Edward, i. 253, 293; ii. 80, 84, 107, 111, 164
- Southwell, Sir Thomas, i. 40{73}
- Spectator, the, i. 39
- Speed, Miss, ii. 71
- Spencer, Hon. John, i. 95, 195
- Spencer, Mrs., i. 195
- Spencer, Georgina, Lady, ii. 147, 148
- Spencer, John, 1st Earl, ii. 148
- Spencer, George John, 2nd Earl, ii. 148
- Spinckes, Miss, i. 87
- Spirit Tax, 1742–43, i. 174
- Squire, Mr., i. 216
- Stamford and Warrington, Henrietta, Countess of, i. 19
- Standen, i. 241
- Stanhope, Mr., i. 201; ii. 123
- Stanhope, Captain, ii. 182
- Stanhope, Sir Charles, ii. 101
- Stanhope, the Ladies, daughters of 1st Viscount Stanhope, i. 264
- Stanhope, Lady Hester, ii. 82{105}
- Stanhope, Lady Lucy, i. 255
- Stanhope, Philip, 2nd Earl of, i. 18
- Stanhope, 1st Viscount, i. 264{470}
- Stanley, Anne, afterwards Lady Mendip, ii. 186, 193
- Stanley, Sarah, Mrs. Charles D’Oyley, ii. 186, 193
- Stanley, Right Hon. Hans, of Paultons, Hants, Lord of the Admiralty, ii. 186, 220
- Stanley, Mrs., ii. 45, 186
- Stanley, D., his letter to the Duke of Montagu, i. 216
- Stanley, Anne, Lady (née Granville), i. 46{87}
- Stanley, Sir John, i. 46, 101
- Sterne, Jacob, i. 75
- Sterne, Rev. Laurence, i. 3, 55, 73–75;
- Tristram Shandy, ii. 174, 268–270;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 175;
- his “memorandums,” ii. 270
- Sterne, Mrs. Laurence (née Lumley), i. 3, 55, 73–75, 84, 230;
- her letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 27, 176
- Sterne, Miss Lydia, Mrs. Montagu’s godchild, i. 90; ii. 28
- Sterne, Richard, Archbishop of York, i. 75{157}
- Sternes and Robinsons, pedigree of, i. 3
- Steuart, Edward, ii. 128
- Stevens, Captain, ii. 83
- Stevens, George, his edition of Shakespeare, ii. 105–107
- Stewart, Captain, i. 206, 212
- Stewart, Sir James, Lord Advocate of Scotland, i. 206
- Stillingfleet, Edward, Bishop of Worcester, Eirenicon, ii. 128
- Stillingfleet, Dr. Benjamin (Cabinet of Flora, etc.), ii. 73, 86, 93, 95, 98, 99, 102, 160;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 104, 185, 250;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, ii. 114, 117, 127, 136, 149
- Stonehenge, i. 249
- Stonelands (now called “Buckhurst”), Duke of Dorset’s seat in Surrey, ii. 37
- Strafford, Anne, Lady (2nd Duke of Argyll’s daughter), ii. 233
- Strathmore, John Lyon, 7th Earl of, ii. 180
- Stuart, James (“Athenian” Stuart), The Antiquities of Athens, ii. 150, 232
- Stuart, Mrs., ii. 146
- Suffolk, 11th Earl of, i. 144{270}
- Suffolk, Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of, i. 39
- Suffolk, Lady, i. 229
- Sugar, proposed tax on, i. 174
- Sully, Duc de, Memoires, i. 281; ii. 18
- Sunderland, ii. 139
- Sunderland, Charles, Earl of, i. 162{294}
- Sunderland, 4th Earl of, i. 233
- Sunderland, Lady (Judith Tichborne), afterwards wife of Sir Robert Sutton, i. 162, 233
- Sundon, William Clayton, Baron, i. 80
- Sussex privateers, i. 212
- Sutton, Right Hon. Sir Robert, i. 162{294}, 232, 246
- Sutton, Miss, i. 233
- Swale river, i. 122
- Swift, Dean, i. 7, 25, 41, 153, 184{334}, 196; ii. 2, 85;
- Letters, i. 89;
- Four Last Years of Queen Anne, i. 104;
- his Yahoos, i. 113;
- “Friend, you make the very crowd you blame,” i. 288;
- Life and Writings, ii. 18
- T
- Taafe, Mr., i. 287
- Talbot, Edward, Bishop of Durham, i. 71, 234, 290; ii. 113{166}
- Talbot, Mrs., ii. 113, 266
- Talbot, Miss, i. 71; ii. 160, 212
- Talbot, D.D., Rev. W., i. 71{150}
- Talbot, William, 2nd Baron, afterwards Earl Talbot and Baron Dinevor, i. 104, 266
- Talbot, Mary, Lady (née de Cardonnel), i. 266, 268, 269; ii. 259
- Tanfield of Calthorpe, i. 213
- Tatton, Miss, i. 46
- Tar water, i. 235
- Tavora, Marquis of, ii. 158, 180
- Tavora, Marchioness of, ii. 180
- Taylor, Perspective, i. 252
- Taylor’s Sermons, ii. 121
- Temple, Penelope (Mrs. M. Berenger), i. 284
- Temple, Richard Grenville, Earl, ii. 22, 64, 85, 95, 127, 262, 265
- Temple, Lady, ii. 60
- Temple, Sir Richard, of Stowe, i. 278
- Temple, Sir William, i. 184
- Tennison, Mrs., i. 35
- Thanet, 7th Earl of, i. 19, 22, 64{140}
- Thanet, Sackville Tufton, 8th Earl of, i. 22
- Thanet, Mary, Lady, i. 18–21, 29, 86
- Thompson, Mr., of Coley Park, Berkshire, ii. 15
- Thompson, E., Resident in Paris, i. 175
- Thomson, James, Seasons, i. 54, 177;
- Tancred and Sigismund, i. 236
- Throckmorton, Lady, i. 48
- Throckmorton, Sir Robert, 4th Baronet, i. 48
- Thynn, J., i. 50
- Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 20
- Titchfield, Marquis of, i. 26, 28, 295; ii. 80
- Tonbridge Castle, i. 204
- Topham, Dr., ii. 174
- Torgau, battle of, ii. 225
- Torriano, Samuel, i. 277; ii. 72, 73, 86, 95, 99, 160, 175, 176, 185, 190;
- his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 97
- Torriano, Mrs. (née Scudamore), ii. 72, 185
- Townsend, Charles, ii. 84
- Townsend’s Translation of the Conquest of Mexico, i. 259
- Townshend, General, ii. 171
- Townshend, George, 4th Viscount and Marquis, ii. 220
- Townshend, Lady, ii. 171
- Traill, Life of Laurence Sterne in the Englishmen of Letters series, i. 74{156}; ii. 174
- Travers, Robert, i. 270{482}
- Travers, Mrs. Robert (Kitty Gunning), i. 270
- Travile, Mrs. Montagu’s lady’s-maid, ii. 76–78, 82
- Trelawney, i. 107
- Trentham, Lord, i. 286
- Trevor, 2nd Baron, ii. 152{230}
- Trevor, Mrs. G., i. 255
- Trevor, Mrs. John Morley (née Montagu), i. 264
- Tufton, Lady Mary, i. 64
- Tull, Jethro, inventor of the four-wheeled post-chaise, i. 266
- Tullibardine, William Murray, Marquis of, i. 231
- Tunbridge Wells, i. 9, 17, 199, 202, 269; ii. 11
- Turner, M.P. for Yorkshire, i. 209
- Turvin, Lieutenant, i. 80
- Twisden, Sir Roger, ii. 188
- Twycross, Captain, i. 135, 141, 213
- Tyers, Mr., ii. 52
- V
- Vaillante, bookseller, i. 275
- Valentia, Arthur, Viscount, i. 253
- Valentia, Lucy, Viscountess (née Lyttelton), i. 253; ii. 95
- Vanburgh, Mr., i. 167
- Vandyck, i. 249
- Vane, Anne, Lady (née Hawes), afterwards Lady William Hamilton, ii. 2
- Vane, Lord, ii. 2{3}
- Vanharen, Mr., i. 261
- Vaughan, chair of, a sedan chair, ii. 6
- Ventriloquism, ii. 40
- Vere, Baron, of Hanworth, ii. 45
- Verney, Mrs., i. 45
- Vernon, Admiral, i. 58, 79, 91, 97, 107, 208, 222, 224
- Vertue, George, engraver, etc., i. 62
- Vesey, Agmondesham, M.P. for Harris Town, i. 267; ii. 214
- Vesey, Mrs. A. (formerly Mrs. William Handcock), i. 267; ii. 73, 77, 192{278}, 214, 268
- Vesey, Sir Thomas, Bishop of Ossory, i. 267
- Viper broth, ii. 151
- Voltaire, i. 207; ii. 19, 120, 163;
- L’Orphelin de la Chine, ii. 85;
- Tancred, ii. 233;
- Dr. Young on, ii. 257
- Vourse, Mr., ii. 4
- W
- Wade, Field Marshal George, i. 177, 207, 208, 212, 214, 216
- Wadman, Mrs., i. 166
- Waldegrave, 2nd Earl, ii. 160
- Waldegrave, Maria, Countess (née Walpole), afterwards Duchess of Gloucester, ii. 160
- Wales, Frederick, Prince of, i. 95, 99, 280
- Wales, Augusta of Saxe Gotha, Princess Frederick of, i. 103, 284; ii. 17, 44, 83, 84, 97, 214, 217, 249, 251
- Wall, Dr. John, founder of porcelain manufactory at Worcester, ii. 104
- Waller, the poet, i. 108
- Wallingford, Lady (Mary Katherine Law), i. 22, 25, 33, 35, 44, 48, 160, 196, 199, 235
- Wallingford, Lord, i. 22, 48, 49
- Walmoden, Amelia S. de, created Lady Yarmouth, ii. 126
- Walnut medicine, i. 215
- Walpole, Sir Edward, i. 28, 29, 156{287}; ii. 160
- Walpole, Horace, i. 28{52}, 33, 124; ii. 24, 38, 114, 207;
- Letters to Sir Horace Mann, i. 264{467}, 274, 287;
- Letter to George Montagu, i. 267, 275; ii. 67, 177;
- Memoir of the Reign of George III., ii. 44;
- Memoir of George I., ii. 178
- Walpole, Sir Robert (Earl of Orford), i. 28{52}, 94, 99, 100
- Walton, Miss, i. 8
- Warburton, Colonel, ii. 76
- Warburton, Dr. William, Bishop of Gloucester, Pope’s Works, ii. 18;
- on Lord Bolingbroke, ii. 61, 63
- Watson, R.A., Colonel, i. 80
- Webster, attorney in Cheapside, ii. 100
- Wedderburn, Sir John, ii. 195
- Weller, Jane (Mrs. Greenland), ii. 92
- Wells and Hartley, i. 181
- Wemyss, James, 5th Earl of, i. 177
- Wentworth, M.P. for York City, i. 107, 209
- Wentworth, Edward, 9th Baron, i. 201
- Wentworth, General, i. 210
- Weser river, ii. 109
- Wesley, or Wellesley, Garrett, 1st Earl Mornington, i. 169; ii. 80
- West, LL.D., Gilbert T., “Tubby,” i. 278, 279, 288; ii. 1, 11, 12, 38, 40, 72;
- translation of Pindar, i. 90;
- and of Lucian’s Triumph of the Gout, i. 283; ii. 47;
- Clerk of the Privy Council, ii. 4;
- introduces Bower to. Mrs. Montagu, ii. 163;
- his “evergreen-nevergreen” garden, ii. 19;
- Paymaster to Chelsea Hospital, ii. 51, 52, 85;
- death of son, ii. 68;
- his death, ii. 86, 87;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 9, 24, 28, 30–32, 42–44, 54, 57, 63, 71, 77, 81;
- Mrs. Montagu’s letters to, i. 294, 295; ii. 8, 9, 17, 19, 20, 25, 41, 43, 46, 47, 55, 60, 61, 65, 71, 73, 74, 78, 82, 83, 86
- West, Mrs. Gilbert T. (Catherine Bartlett), i. 90, 278, 279; ii. 1, 4, 10, 16, 18, 30, 32, 40, 63, 68, 71, 86, 88;
- letter from Mrs. Montagu, ii. 21
- West, Maria (Viscountess Bridport), i. 278; ii. 10, 23, 30, 32, 40, 57, 86, 87, 92, 115, 135
- West, Dr. Richard, i. 278
- West, Richard, ii. 12, 25, 38, 54, 63, 68, 71
- West, Admiral Temple, ii. 1, 57, 83, 87, 89, 90
- West, Mrs. Temple, ii. 22
- Westcote, of Ballymore, William Henry, Baron, i. 284; ii. 32;
- Governor of South Carolina, ii. 68, 78;
- Governor of Jamaica, ii. 182
- Westmorland, Lord, i. 90, 104
- Wey Hill Fair, ii. 57
- Weymouth, Lady, i. 50
- Wharton, Duke of, i. 60
- Wheatears, i. 160, 200, 286; ii. 197
- Whiston, Mr., ii. 223
- Whitehead, Paul, ii. 84
- Widdrington, Lady, i. 39
- Willes, John, Lord Chief Justice, i. 222; ii. 217
- William Rufus, i. 204, 247
- William of Wickham, i. 247
- Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, ii. 115{172}, 124
- Williams, Lady Frances, ii. 115, 124, 162, 216, 247
- Williams, Mrs., ii. 161, 162
- Williamson, Mr., i. 142
- Wilmington, Earl of, i. 100
- Wilmot, Elizabeth (Countess Sandwich), ii. 113
- Wilmot, Dr., i. 162, 254
- Wilson, Dr., ii. 217
- Wilton House, Lord Pembroke’s place, i. 249
- Wimpole, Lord Oxford’s seat, i. 7
- Winchester, Dr., ii. 17
- Winchester Cathedral, i. 247
- Winchilsea, Lady (Molly Palmer), i. 21
- Winchilsea, Daniel, 7th Earl of, i. 21
- Winchilsea, Daniel, 8th Earl of, i. 102
- Windsor, Lord, i. 166
- Windsors, Miss, i. 39
- Winnington, Mr., i. 100
- Witney blankets, i. 179
- Woffington, Margaret, i. 92, 93
- Wolfe, Brigadier-General, ii. 134{193}, 140, 155, 172
- Woodward, Dr. John, geologist, i. 241
- Worksop Manor, i. 125
- Wortley, Mrs. Anne, i. 51{105}
- Wortley, Sir Francis, i. 237
- Wortley, Sidney (Montagu), i. 237
- Wright, John, publisher, ii. 161{247}
- Wye river, ii. 112
- Y
- Yarmouth, Lady (Amelia S. de Walmoden), ii. 126, 154
- York, county meeting at, i. 209
- Yorke, Mr., ii. 217
- Yorke, Mrs., i. 129, 194, 195
- Yorke, General, ii. 142, 143, 154
- Young, Dr. Edward (Night Thoughts), i. 59–61, 84, 85, 90, 91, 95, 133, 169, 199, 202–204, 213; ii. 199, 200, 236, 250;
- Clerk of the Closet, ii. 249;
- his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 240, 248, 251, 257;
- Resignation, ii. 257
- Young, Sir William, i. 100, 235
- Z
- Zincke, Christian Frederick, miniature painter, i. 45–48
- Zorndorff, battle of, ii. 142

## ROBINSON PEDIGREE

{Skip transcribed table}

The Robinsons are said to be originally descended from the Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, in Perthshire, Scotland; the Clan Donachie, of whom are many descendants to this time, 1905. For descent, vide “The New Peerage,” by William Owen, of 1785; “Collins’ Baronetage,” 1741; “Lodge’s Irish Peerage,” 1739; “Longmate’s Irish Peerage,” 1808, etc.

The Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, Perthshire, N.B., afterwards Barons of Struan, descended from the “Comes de Atholia,” Earls of Athole in the direct line.

{1} WILLIAM ROBERTSON 7th Baron of Struan.
={Robert} {William}
A Daughter of Creighton.

{1.1} Robert Robinson, of Struan, from whom descended the Alexander Robertsons, of Struan.

{1.2} William Robertson, who was deprived of his younger son’s portion by the Earl of Athole. He fled to England, and settled at Kendal, Westmoreland, in the time of Henry VIII.
={Ralph} {Henry} {Ursula}
(?) Wife’s name unknown to me.

{1.2.1} Ralph Robinson, settled at Brignall, Yorkshire.
={William}
Agnes Philip, eldest dau. and coheiress of James Philip, of Brignall, by his wife, — Bainbrigge. She died 1633. Vide Visitation of Yorkshire for curious cursing stones on Gatherley Moor, of this family.

{1.2.1.1} William Robinson, of London and Brignall. He purchased Rokeby, Yorks, from Sir Thomas Rokeby, on June 7, 1610. He was the first Robinson who lived at Rokeby. He died at a great age in 1643. He compounded by fine to avoid knighthood at the coronation of Charles I.
={William} {John} {Catherine}
Mary, daughter of Thomas Hill, Esq., of Thornton, Yorks; buried, Jan. 21, 1633.

{1.2.1.1.1} Thomas Robinson, b. 1590; mar. at Rokeby, 1621;
died in a skirmish at Leeds, June, 1643; buried at Leeds, June 21, 1643. He was a barrister of law; raised a troop of horse at his own expense for the Parliamentary army. He was one of the sesquestrators of estates in the North Riding. He left the Parliamentary army to join the King owing to their vehemence.
={Mary} {William} {Frances} {Matthew} {John} {Thomas} {Thomas} {Leonard}
Frances, daughter of Leonard Smelt, Esq., of Kirby
Fletham, Yorks. Her mother was an Allanson.

{1.2.1.1.1.1} Mary Robinson, married at Rokeby, June 9, 1640.
=
Sir Christopher Blencowe, son and heir of Sir Henry Blencowe, of Blencowe in Cumberland; descended from Adam De Blencowe, standard bearer of Edward III.

{1.2.1.1.1.2} William Robinson, born at Rokeby, 1624; m. there in 1644; surnamed “The Justice” from his great knowledge of law.
={Frances} {Thomas} {Anne}
Mary, eldest dau. and coheiress of Frances Layton, of Bawdon, Yorks, who was younger brother of John Layton, of West Layton Hall and Kirkby Hall, Yorks. West Layton Hall descended to Sir Leonard Robinson, and from him to his son and grandson.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.1} Frances Robinson, bap. at Rokeby, Jan. 25, 1646; m. April 23, 1667.
=
Michael Pickering, of Thornborough, Yorks.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2} Thomas Robinson, of Rokeby, bap. Jan. 4, 1650; buried, June 26, 1719, at Merton Abbey, Surrey.
={Elizabeth} {William}
Grace, dau. of Sir Henry Stapylton, of Mytton, Yorks, and Elizabeth, dau. of Conyers, Lord D’Arcy, created Baron Holdernesse.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.1} Elizabeth Robinson, b. 1674; d. unmarried, 1739; buried at Merton Abbey; Co. of Surrey.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2} William Robinson, of Rokeby; bap. there, Sept. 23, 1675; m. 1698; d. Feb. 24, 1720; buried at Merton Abbey. Seven sons and two daughters.
={Anne} {Thomas} {Robert} {William} {Henry} {John} {Richard} {Grace} {Septimus}
Anne, dau. of Robert Walters, of Cundall, North Riding, Yorks. She died in 1730. Her mother was a Stordale, of Belton Park, Yorks. Buried at Merton Abbey.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.1} Anne Robinson, b. York, 1699; m., first Robert Knight, of Barrels, Warwickshire, father of the Earl of Catherlough, by whom she had a son, who died early; secondly, James Cresset, secretary to the Princess Dowager of Wales, and Comptroller of Army Accounts. She died in 1759.

Elizabeth (1st wife), dau. of Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, widow of Nicholas, Lord Lechmere. She died at Bath April 10, and was buried at Rokeby, April 24, 1739. A monument to her and Sir Thomas in Poet’s Corner, Westminster Abbey, with medallion portraits.
=
{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.2} Sir Thomas Robinson, nicknamed “Long Sir T. R.,” Bart. of Great Britain, March 10, 1730–31. b. in 1700; 1727, M.P. for Morpeth. First marriage, Oct. 25, 1728, at Belfreys, Yorks; 1735 to 1742 Commissioner of Excise; Governor of Barbadoes, Jan. 1742–47. Sold Rokeby in 1769 to John Saurey Morritt. It had been 160 years in the family. Died at Prospect House, Chelsea, March 3, 1777.
=
Sarah, (2nd wife) dau. of Booth, Esq., of the family of Delaware, and widow of Samuel Salmon, of Barbadoes. She preferred to remain in Barbadoes when her second husband returned to England.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.3} Robert, 2nd son, died, ætat 14.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.4} Sir William Robinson, b. 1702; succeeded to the baronetage in 1777, at the death of his brother, Sir Thomas Robinson; d. 1785. Unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.5} Henry Robinson, Major in the Army; killed at the attack on Fort Lazare, near Carthagena, 1741–42.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.6} John Robinson, died young, unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.7} Sir Richard Robinson, Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of all Ireland; b. 1709; educated at Westminster and Christchurch, Oxford; B.A. 1730; M.A. 1733; B.D. and D.D. 1738; chaplain to the Archbishop of York, 1738; Rector of Elton, Prebend of York, and Vicar of Aldborough, Suffolk; Bishop of Killala, Jan. 19, 1752; Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns, 1759; Bishop of Kildare, April 13, 1761; Dean of Christchurch, Dublin, 1761; Primate of Ireland, Jan. 19, 1765; made Baron of Ireland, as 1st Baron Rokeby, Feb. 26, 1777; English baronet in 1785 at his brother William’s death; died at Clifton, Oct. 10, 1794, ætat 86.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.8} Grace Robinson, b. 1718, m. 1739, d. Dec. 28, 1776; left 4 surviving children.
={Robert} {William} {John} {Grace}
The Rev. William Freind, succeeded his father, the Rev. Robert Freind, as Rector of Witney, Oxon., in 1739; made Prebend of Westminster, Oct. 17, 1744; also Royal Chaplain, 1747; Rector of Islip; Canon of Christchurch, May 15, 1756; Dean of Canterbury, June 14, 1760. Rebuilt Witney Rectory; built and endowed Hailey Chapel, Witney. He died Nov. 26, 1766.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.8.1} Robert Freind, b. 1740; d. 1780.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.8.2} William Maximilian.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.8.3} Rev. Sir John, b. 1754; Archdeacon of Armagh; assumed the name of Robinson, and became principal heir to his uncle, the 1st Baron Rokeby, and Primate of Ireland. He was made a baronet, Dec. 14, 1819.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.8.4} Grace, m. 1765: d. 1807.
=
Lieut.-General Duncan Campbell, R. M.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.2.2.9} Sir Septimus Robinson, 7th son, b. Jan. 30, 1710; educated at Westminster and Christchurch, Oxford; served one year in the French Army with Marshal Clermont in six campaigns; then in the English Army, under General Wade, in 1745; three campaigns with Marshal Ligonier in Holland; 1751 to 1760 Governor to the Dukes of Gloucester and Cumberland. He was knighted in 1761, and made Usher of the Black Rod at the accession of George III. He died at Brough, Westmoreland, Sept. 6, 1765; buried at Rokeby. His monument, by Nollekins, erected by his brothers, Sir William and Sir Richard Robinson.

{1.2.1.1.1.2.3} Anne, bap. Dec. 8, 1665; d. Dec., 1665.

{1.2.1.1.1.3} Frances, bap. July 15, 1627; m. 1646; d. July 10, 1661.
={George}
George Gray, of Sudwich, Durham; descended from the Grays of Chillingham and Wark.

{1.2.1.1.1.3.1} The Rev. George Gray, who succeeded his uncle, the Rev. Matthew Robinson, as Vicar of Burneston.

{1.2.1.1.1.4} The Rev. Matthew Robinson, Vicar of Burneston, Yorks; b. 1628; m. Oct. 12, 1657; d. Nov. 27, 1694. Remarkable for his piety and learning in law and physic; great judge of horses and dogs.
=
Jane Pickering, dau. of Mark Pickering, and sister and heiress of William Pickering, of Eworth, Yorks.

{1.2.1.1.1.5} John, bap. Dec. 9, 1632; d. Oct., 1638.

{1.2.1.1.1.6} Thomas, bap. May 16, 1635; d. Dec., 1635.

{1.2.1.1.1.7} Thomas, bap. Dec. 10, 1637; merchant of York. In his will, 1660, he left his brother, the Rev. Matthew Robinson, his executor and heir.

Lucy Layton (1st wife), of West Layton, descended from John Layton, eldest son of Francis Layton, of West Layton Hall and Kirkby Hall, Yorks. Died s.p.
=
{1.2.1.1.1.8} Sir Leonard Robinson, bap. June 23, 1643; knighted, Oct. 29, 1692; d. 1696. Was Chamberlain of the City of London. He was a posthumous son, born a few days after his father’s, Thomas Robinson’s, death in the skirmish at Leeds.
={Thomas} {Deborah} {Frances} {Mary} {Sarah} {Margaret}
Deborah (2nd wife), dau. of Sir John Collet, Sheriff of London. She was the ancestress of the 2nd House of Robinson.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1} Thomas Robinson, b. 1667; d. 1720.
={Matthew} {Thomas} {Leonard}
Elizabeth, dau. of William Clarke, of Merivale Abbey, Warwickshire, and sister and heir of her brother, William Clarke. She had been previously married to Anthony Light, Esq., by whom she had one daughter, Lydia , who married, first, Thomas Kirke, Esq., and, secondly, the Rev. Robert Lumley, by whom she had two daughters; one married the Rev. John Botham{Lydia}; the other, the Rev. Laurence Sterne.{Elizabeth}

{2.1} Lydia.
={Five children}
Rev. John Botham.

{2.1.1–5} Five children.

{2.2} Elizabeth.
={Lydia} {Lydia}
The Rev. Laurence Sterne.

{2.2.1} Lydia, died an infant.

{2.2.2} Lydia.
={son}
Alexander de Medalle.

{2.2.2.1} son died young.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1} Matthew Robinson, of the city of York, Edgeley, and West Layton, Yorks.; b. at York, 1694; m. at 18, in 1712; d. Oct. 1778, ætat 85; Gentleman Commoner of Trinity College, Cambridge. He had 12 children, 9 of whom survived.
={Matthew} {Thomas} {Morris} {Robert} {William} {John} {Charles} {Elizabeth} {Sarah}
Elizabeth, dau. of Councillor Robert Drake (of the Drakes of Ash, Devon), and sister and heir of her brother, Morris Drake Morris, of Coveney, Cambridge, and Mount Morris, in the parish of Horton, near Hythe, Kent; m. 1712; d. 1744; buried at Monk’s Horton.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.1} Matthew Robinson, b. April 6, 1713; bap. at York, April 12, 1713. Educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; graduated 1734; became a Fellow; elected M.P. for Canterbury, July 1, 1747; re-elected, 1754; between these dates assumed the additional name of Morris, on inheriting his mother’s property at Mount Morris, near Hythe, Kent; d. Nov. 30, 1800; buried at Monk’s Horton, Dec. 8, ætat 87. Became 2nd Baron of Rokeby on the death of his cousin, the Archbishop of Armagh, in 1794. Author of several political pamphlets.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.2} Thomas Robinson, barrister of Lincoln’s Inn, b. 1714. Wrote a treatise on Gavelkind and borough English in 1741, of which there have been three or more editions. d. 1747; unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.3} Morris Robinson, of Lincoln’s Inn Fields and of the Six Clerks’ Office, b. 1715; d. in Dublin, 1777, ætat 61; buried in Armagh Cathedral. He was solicitor in Chancery and agent to John, Duke of Montagu, etc.
={Morris} {Matthew}
Jane Greenland, dau. of John Greenland, of Lovelace, co. Kent, and his wife, née Jane Waller, of Kingsgate House, Rolveden, Kent.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.3.1} Morris Robinson, b. July 14, 1757; bap. in the parish of St. Andrew’s, Holborn; barrister of the Middle Temple; succeeded his uncle, Matthew, as 3rd Baron Rokeby, in 1800. He died, unmarried, in 1829, ætat 71.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.3.2} Matthew Montagu, b. Nov. 23, 1762; bap. at St. Andrew’s, Holborn; assumed the name and arms of Montagu by virtue of the King’s Sign Manual, June 3, 1776, and Dec. 21, 1776; M.P. for Tregony, Cornwall, 1788 to 1790, then for St. Germans; became 4th Baron Rokeby in 1829. Died at Montagu House, Sept. 1, 1837, ætat 68.
=
Elizabeth Charlton, sole heir of Francis Charlton, by his wife, née Elizabeth Southby; m. July 9, 1785; d. March 7, 1817, leaving thirteen surviving children. Her grandmother was of royal descent from Edward I. and Edward III.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.4} Robert Robinson, a captain in the East India service; d. in China, 1756; unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.5} The Rev. William Robinson, b. 1726. Educated at Westminster and St. John’s College, Cambridge; m. in 1760; Rector of Denton, Kent; lived at Denton Court, Kent, from Nov. 23, 1764 to 1785; Rector of Burghfield, Berks; died there Sept. 9, 1803, ætat 76. He was the great friend of the poet Gray.
={Matthew} {Sarah} {Mary}
Mary Richardson, dau. of Adam Richardson, and heiress of her father and brother, William Richardson, of Kensington. She died April 8, 1789, ætat 64, leaving one son and two daughters.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.5.1} Rev. Matthew Robinson, Rector of Coveney and Manea, Cambs.; d. Aug. 10, 1827, at Burghfield, Berks., where he had succeeded his father as rector. Unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.5.2} Sarah.
=
Samuel Truman.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.5.3} Mary.
=
Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, as his second wife; several children by him.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.6} John Robinson, Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge; d. 1800; unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.7} Charles Robinson, b. 1733; Recorder of Canterbury in 1763, and M.P. for same 1780 to 1790; d. 1807.
={Sarah}
Mary, 2nd dau. of John Greenland, and sister of Mrs. Morris Robinson. She was a wealthy widow. 1st husband, R. Dukes, Esq.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.7.1} Sarah, an only child.
=
William Hougham, of Barton Court, Kent.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.8} Elizabeth Robinson, b. Oct. 2, 1720, at York; m. Aug. 5, 1742; d. Aug. 25, 1800, at Montagu House, Portman Square, in her 80th year. Elizabeth was the eldest daughter, but the fourth child of her parents.
={John}
Edward Montagu, son by second marriage of Charles Montagu, 5th son of 1st Earl of Sandwich. His mother, née Sarah Rogers, of East Denton, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumberland. He was born on Nov. 13, 1692; d. May 20, 1775, ætat 83.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.8.1} John Montagu, nicknamed “Punch,” b. May, 1743; died at Allerthorpe, Yorks, the end of August, 1744, aged 15 months. Buried at Burneston, Yorks, but afterwards removed to Winchester Cathedral, and reinterred with his parents by order of his mother’s will.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.1.9} Sarah Robinson, b. Sep. 21, 1723; m., 1751, George Lewis Scott, a barrister, son of George Scott, of Bristow, N.B., by his wife, née Marion Stewart. Mrs. Scott died at Catton, Norwich, Nov. 3, 1795, without issue. She was authoress of Millennium Hall and other works.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.2} Thomas, R.N., died without issue.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.1.3} Leonard, died unmarried.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.2} Deborah.
={Honor}
Thomas Baker, of Westminster. Consul at Algiers in 1698.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.2.1} Honor.
=
William Chetwynd, afterwards 3rd Viscount Chetwynd.

1st, Gibbons, Esq.
=
{1.2.1.1.1.8.3} Frances.
={Leonard} {John}
2nd, Bourne, Esq.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.3.1} Leonard.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.3.2} John

{1.2.1.1.1.8.4} Mary
={James} {William} {Deborah} {Anne}
William Snell, Esq.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.4.1} James.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.4.2} William.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.4.3} Deborah.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.4.4} Anne.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.5} Sarah
={Robinson} {Deborah} {Sarah}
Thomas Knight, of Barrels, Warwickshire.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.5.1} Robinson Knight, a barrister.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.5.2} Deborah.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.5.3} Sarah.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.6} Margaret.
={Elmes} {Deborah} {Sarah}
Elmes Spinks.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.6.1} Elmes Spinks.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.6.2} Deborah.

{1.2.1.1.1.8.6.3} Sarah.

{1.2.1.1.2} The Rev. John Robinson, Vicar of Burneston, Yorks.
={William}
Catherine, dau. of Dr. Wilson.

{1.2.1.1.2.1} William Robinson, bap. Feb. 14, 1636, ob. s.p.

Percival Philips (1st husband), of Wensleydale, Co. York.
={Mary Lucy Anne}
{1.2.1.1.3} Catherine Robinson Hers the first marriage at Rokeby in 1613.
={William}
Richard Smith (2nd husband), of Cottingham. Second marriage took place at Rokeby, Oct. 1, 1626.

{1.2.1.1.3.1–3}
Mary.
Lucy.
Anne.
co-heiresses.

{1.2.1.1.3.4} William,
and other issue.

{1.2.2} Henry Robinson, a citizen of London; bought Cranstay, Northamptonshire, from Sir Thomas Cecil; d. 1585; left issue.
={Henry}
Alice Wilkes, dau. of Thomas Wilkes, of Islington; she died 1613. She married, secondly, William Elkin; thirdly, Thomas Owen, Judge of Common Pleas.

{1.2.2.1} Sir Henry Robinson, of Cranstay, d. 1637.
={Henry}
Mary, daughter of Sir William Glover.

{1.2.2.1.1} Henry, b. 1625.
=
Anne Birch, by whom he had three sons and one
daughter.

{1.2.3} Ursula Robinson.
=
Thomas More, a London merchant.

## Transcribers’ Note

Variant spelling, inconsistent hyphenation, punctuation and spelling are retained, however a few changes have been made to correct apparent errors, these are listed below.

Page headings have been moved to appropriate positions. Dates from these headings have been retained for each new year.

Footnotes have been moved to end of the paragraph or letter to which they refer.

In captions of illustrations, “Mr.” “Mrs.” “1st.” were originally printed with all but the first character as superscripts, and variant spellings of “née” have been standardized.

In the printed book there were a few blanks where characters or parts of characters did not print. These have been corrected.

The Robinson Pedigree chart was printed on a loose sheet of paper, and inserted inside the back cover of the book. Entries have been numbered and listed. Links are given to each family member’s parents and children, rather than by lines, which are shown in the image of the full chart.

A copy of the index from the end of Volume Two has been included here. Entries for Volume Two have been greyed out. References to footnotes are shown by the original page number followed by the footnote number used in this transcription, e.g. “28{52}”. In the index punctuation, the use of volume numbers, and the use of italics have been standardized.

Other changes that have been made:

Page 14: “be” changed to “he” in “he brought me out a whole face”.

Page 74: “perferment” changed to “preferment” in “prospect of better preferment”.

Footnote 214: “Freind” changed from “Friend” in “Mrs. Freind’s brother”.

Page 167: the paragraph starting “Last night in the middle of the dancing” has been formatted as an extract from a letter.

Page 266: “neé” changed to “née”.

Footnote 476: “Febuary” changed to “February”.

The following have been left as printed:

Page 264: Apostrophe left as printed in “the Lady Stanhopes’”

Robertson Pedigree: In the entry for Thomas Robinson, bap. May 16, 1635, his year of death has been changed from 1655 to 1635. In the entry for Elizabeth Robinson, daughter of Councillor Robert Drake, “heir of” was originally repeated. William Robinson’s year of birth has been changed from 1720 to 1726.

The following changes have been made to the entries in the Index:

“Fitz-Adam, Adam”: “FitzAdam” changed to “Fitz-Adam”.

“Hawkesworth, LL.D., John, Oriental Tales”: “Hawksworth” changed to “Hawkesworth”, and the entry has been moved up one to keep it in alphabetic order.

“Helvetius, Claud Adrien, De l’Esprit”: “Adrian” changed to “Adrien”.

“Lyttelton, Sir George, 1st Lord,”: sub-entry for “a pea” changed to “a peer”.

“Thanet, Sackville Tufton”: “Tutton” changed to “Tufton”.

“Place, Rev. Conyers”, the reference has been changed from volume ii. to volume i.

Family tables as images:

Pedigree of the Robinsons and Sternes (page 3)

Pedigree of the Morris Family (page 4)

Pedigree of the Rogers Family (page 144)

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELIZABETH MONTAGU, THE QUEEN OF THE BLUESTOCKINGS, VOLUME 1 (OF 2) ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE

## THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

> This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

- • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
- • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
- • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.
- • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.