## The Project Gutenberg eBook of James Oliver Curwood, Disciple of the Wilds

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Title: James Oliver Curwood, Disciple of the Wilds

Author: Hobart Donald Swiggett

Illustrator: J. C. Weber

Release date: December 30, 2016 [eBook #53834]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Roger Frank, readbueno and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JAMES OLIVER CURWOOD, DISCIPLE OF THE WILDS ***

“I never put off until tomorrow what
I find hard to-day, for tomorrow rarely
brings the needed skill.”
“What little success I have achieved
has been pounded out with naked fists
through many years of hard work.”
James Oliver Curwood
THE WORKS OF
JAMES OLIVER CURWOOD

The Courage of Captain Plum | 1908
The Wolf Hunters | 1908
The Gold Hunters | 1909
The Great Lakes (Non-Fiction) | 1909
The Danger Trail | 1910
God’s Country—Trail to Happiness (Non-Fiction) | 1911
Steele of the Royal Mounted | 1911
The Honor of the Big Snows | 1911
Flower of the North | 1912
Isobel | 1913
Kazan | 1914
God’s Country and the Woman | 1915
The Hunted Woman | 1916
Baree, Son of Kazan | 1917
Faulkner of the Inland Seas (Short Stories) | 1917
The Grizzly King | 1917
The Courage of Marge O’Doone | 1918
Nomads of the North | 1919
The River’s End | 1919
The Valley of Silent Men | 1920
Back to God’s Country (Short Stories) | 1920
The Flaming Forest | 1921
The Golden Snare | 1921
The Alaskan | 1923
The Country Beyond | 1923
A Gentleman of Courage | 1924
The Ancient Highway | 1925
Swift Lightning | 1925
The Plains of Abraham | 1926
The Black Hunter | 1926
Green Timber Completed by Dorthea A. Bryant | 1930
Son of the Forests (Autobiography) | 1930
The Crippled Lady of Peribonka Completed by Dorthea A. Bryant | 1930

James Oliver Curwood

# JAMES OLIVER CURWOOD
DISCIPLE OF THE WILDS

A Biography by
H. D. Swiggett
Illustrations by
J. C. Weber
THE PAEBAR COMPANY
Publishers New York

### FIRST EDITION

Copyright, 1943
by
THE PAEBAR COMPANY
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without
permission in writing from the publishers, except by a reviewer who
may quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine
or newspaper. Manufactured in the United States of America.

### Dedication

* * * * *
TO MY PARENTS
Mr. & Mrs. William Hobart Swiggett
It is to these two grand people that their son
graciously dedicates this volume.
Had it not been for their understanding and
guiding ways, I could never have attained and
aspired to my goal in this life.

## FOREWORD

This is the first biography written on the life of
the famous novelist, adventurer and conservationist,
James Oliver Curwood.
Although Mr. Curwood’s books are still widely read, the
younger generation knows comparatively little about the
life of one of the greatest conservationists of all time
and the man who knew the beautiful Canadian Northwest
better than any other.
It is hoped, therefore, that this volume will refresh the
memory of the past generation and at the same time bring
something new to the minds of our present young people.

## CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE
The Child Prodigy | Page 15
CHAPTER TWO
A Change Comes About | Page 29
CHAPTER THREE
The Discoverer | Page 44
CHAPTER FOUR
Owosso Schooldays | Page 65
CHAPTER FIVE
College Days | Page 105
CHAPTER SIX
Newspaper Work and Early Writings | Page 114
CHAPTER SEVEN
With the Detroit News-Tribune | Page 122
CHAPTER EIGHT
God’s Country | Page 132
CHAPTER NINE
His Brotherhood | Page 165
CHAPTER TEN
Trail’s End | Page 172

## LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

James Oliver Curwood | Frontispiece

The following illustrations are contained in
a special section facing page 110

James Oliver Curwood at the Age of Seven | Page I
Street Scene | Page II
The Shiawassee River | Page III
The James Oliver Curwood Castle | Page IV
The Boat Landing, Curwood Castle | Page V
Just James Oliver Curwood | Page VI
Mr. and Mrs. James Oliver Curwood | Page VII
Curwood, Camping in the Yukon | Page VIII
Curwood, the Writer, in a Corner of His Gun Room | Page IX
Curwood Before the Cabin Which He Built in the British Columbia Mountains | Page X
Curwood, the Woodsman | Page XI
An Unusual, Striking Picture of Curwood | Page XII
The Curwood Outfit Going down the Fraser River | Page XIII
The Cabin on the Au Sable | Page XIV
The Conservation Clubhouse | Page XIV
The Home of James Oliver Curwood | Page XV
Curwood Grave in Oakhill Cemetery | Page XVI

Pen and Ink Sketches by J. C. Weber
Pages 71, 99, 135, 139, 145

## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My greatest obligation in the preparation of JAMES OLIVER CURWOOD: DISCIPLE OF THE WILDS is to Mrs. Ethel Greenwood Curwood, Mr. A. J. Donovan and Mrs. Fred B. Woodard, of Owosso, Mich., who aided me immensely in gathering Mr. Curwood’s volumes, documents, correspondence, photographs, manuscripts and other material without which it would have been impossible to produce this biography.

Thanks and appreciation go out also to the following for help and encouragement:

J. E. Campbell, editor of the Argus-Press, Owosso, Mich.; John S. Deere; Miss Anne Crum; Dr. Harold D. Webb; The Conservation Department of the State of Michigan; the Alumni Catalog Office of the University of Michigan; Doubleday, Doran and Company, of New York City (through whose courtesy many quotations have been made available for publication in this book[1]); C. A. Paquin; Harold Titus; Miss Olive Hormel, of Owosso; R. K. Bresnahan, Postmaster and close friend of Curwood’s, at Roscommon, Mich.; Private George Terashita, Camp Atterbury, Ind.; James B. Hendry, of Sutton’s Bay, Mich.; James Hilton, of Hollywood, Calif.; John Bowen, Staff Writer, Indianapolis Times; Roscommon Civic Club; John Sellers, of Franklin, Ind.; The Franklin Evening Star; Robert Todd; James B. Young, Miss Barbara Swiggett, and to countless others.

1. From “Son of the Forest,” by James Oliver Curwood, copyright, 1930, by Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc.

I also wish to thank the public and state libraries of Indiana for allowing me the use of material. And it is a pleasure to express appreciation to the kind people of Owosso, Mich., to the students of yesteryear at the University of Michigan, and to the Cree and Chippawayan Indian tribes in Canada, all of whom knew Mr. Curwood intimately.

Harvey Jacobs, a newspaperman, is also remembered for his encouragement and good wishes, and last, but far from least, Walter Winchell, whose seemingly endless supply of energy and driving force helped to push me onward in the task of completing this book.

H. D. Swiggett

Au Sable Study

Franklin, Ind.

JAMES OLIVER
CURWOOD

## CHAPTER ONE
THE CHILD PRODIGY

Little did the stern though kind-hearted citizens of Owosso, Michigan realize that on the eventful morning of June 12, 1878, the newly-born second son of James Moran and Abigail Griffen Curwood would in time plummet across the literary horizon as the brightest star to have appeared in years. His name was James Oliver Curwood.

From the outset the parents had trouble with their new son, finding it very difficult to please his childish desires. Perhaps ancestry had a bearing here, and if it did, it may all be traced back to the thrilling career of the famous Captain Frederick A. Marrayat, great seaman and popular novelist of yesteryear. He was the lad’s great-uncle.

Jimmie Curwood’s birth took place in the days when Owosso was a small town of some eight thousand population, and trees grew in the center of the streets. It was that era of the nineteenth century when livestock and fowl were free to roam about the city at will, and the horse and buggy played an important part in the development of transportation.

Likewise so it was in that district of Owosso known as West Town. It was in this particular part of town that Jimmie Curwood played so much with his friends (bad though they were), and came forth from bitter schoolboy battles unscathed. Later in life he remarked about West Town in the following manner:

“Had I continued to live in West Town at Owosso, I might have become a genius, but Fate determined a change was advisable when I was six years old.”

The city of Owosso today is far removed from what it was in the childhood days of James Oliver Curwood. Today luxurious homes line the paved streets and tall buildings dot the skyline where once stood low flat ones. Beautiful homes have filled up the empty spaces that were once wide within the city limits, but that same feeling and general atmosphere of drowsiness persists just as it did fifty years ago.

Tall, stately trees line the smooth streets and many automobiles traverse these thoroughfares where once the old horse and buggy moved slowly along.

Today Owosso is in the very heart of the Michigan vacationland. Running practically through the very center of the city is the smooth flowing Shiawassee river, better known as “Sparkling Waters.”

Although Owosso has grown in population from eight to fifteen thousand since Jim Curwood’s birth and boyhood days, her people remain very much the same as they were then.

West Town! A haven for growing children and a headache for grownups. It was here in West Town that Jimmie Curwood grew up and also where he all but drove his very patient parents insane with his juvenile rascality.

With his chum, Charlie Miller, it seems that there was hardly anything the pair of them would not attempt to do. Stealing fruit and playing “hookey” from school were just a few among the many items that always kept the good citizens of Owosso on the constant alert.

They fished, hunted and trapped all along the banks of the Shiawassee, which flows through the city in a great sweeping bend (when they really should have been in school). The river is flanked on either side by some of the most perfectly shaped trees that man has ever looked upon.

Jimmie and Charlie often staged and executed raids upon the fruit stands of old Mike Gazzera. Then as they would run away with their plunder tucked safely beneath their dirty blouses they would glance back and see the grey-headed old Italian shaking his fist at them and threatening them with all types of punishment. Fortunately enough for both, old Mike thought far too much of them and never actually carried out his plans of chastisement.

Probably the one outstanding characteristic of Jim Curwood as a young boy was the fact that he was seldom if ever clean of face or clothing. Try as she might to keep her bewildering offspring clean, his dear old mother seldom succeeded for much more than an hour or two at a time. For immediately after having been thoroughly cleaned up young Jimmie would head for the nearest schoolboy fight or the dirtiest part of West Town and proceed to get himself dirty again. Indeed he was a child prodigy and therein lies the reason for the old saying, which is sad but true: “why mothers get gray.” It is indeed no wonder that the townspeople would oft-times shake their heads and sigh:

“Them two’ll never amount to a hill of beans.” But Jimmie and Charlie amazed and fooled them all.

At the rather seedy, uneventful and undecided age of five years, when a youngster wants to be everything from a minister of the gospel to heavyweight boxing champion of the world, both Jimmie’s and Charlie’s parents decided that their sons should embark upon some sort of careers. Before Jimmie was born, his parents had decided what their second son would do for his life’s work. They had chosen music and the classics for him; Charlie’s parents had chosen literature and the arts for him.

So for a short while Jimmie practiced his music lessons but soon gave them up as hopeless, as did his parents, for the lad hated music lessons at that age with an undying hatred. As far as Charlie’s future in the field of literature was concerned, he too abandoned his parents’ choice.

Many things enter into the course of a child’s life even as they do with a grown-up, and consequently the career of a musician for Jimmie did not materialize. Instead the lad developed into one of the world’s foremost authors and conservationists of his time. It was Charlie Miller who became quite adept as an accomplished musician.

With the surrender of Lord Cornwallis came a man of adventurous spirit and Dutch descent into the land of the Mohawks and the Oneidas. As he journeyed through this country making friends with the Indian tribes, he chanced upon and fell madly in love with a beautiful Mohawk princess from a little village near the head waters of the Canada river. As to her name, it has not been learned, but as to her beauty, all the men and women of those days readily vouched. For she was as tall and as slender as the most delicate reed. The tiny moccasins which covered her feet were the smallest ever seen by her tribe. Indeed, she was the pride and joy of that village of Mohawks and of all tribes who had seen her as she roamed the forests.

Jim Curwood’s mother very distinctly remembers seeing this wilderness beauty. At that time Mrs. Curwood was but a child of ten and the lovely Indian princess was well past her eightieth birthday.

Her beauty was indeed bewitching and all white men, as well as the redman who had set eyes upon her loveliness, fell in love with her. Her hair was long, black and radiantly glossy. The shoes she wore upon her feet were so small that Jim’s mother, then but ten years of age, could not have put her feet into them.

It was the adventurous Dutchman wandering through the Mohawk region shortly after the Cornwallis surrender who married the Indian princess. This man was Jim Curwood’s phlegmatic great grandfather, an adventurer of the old school who ended up by marrying an Indian chief’s daughter. It is little wonder that young Jimmie became such a carefree, vagabond lover of the deep forests. Indian blood flowed deep within his veins and throughout his entire life the forests, the streams and the lakes were his home despite the fact that he owned a mansion in the very heart of civilization.

Shortly after the blond Dutchman had wooed and won his princess, there was born in England a man who later became a great naval officer in the Queen’s navy and a world famous writer of sea tales. A man who delved deeply into his memories and imagination to spin yarns of thrilling adventure on the land as well as on the swelling sea. His name was Captain Frederick Marrayat. That famous personage turned out to be a great-uncle of Jim Curwood’s.

Several years later it was these same stories of adventure, gallant battles and of brave men, which caused a lad named James to run away to sea and come to America in search of adventure and thrills. When he left England, he never returned.

Upon landing in America young James fought in the Civil War, where fighting blood ran fast and free. Here was what he had been searching for and at last he had found it. Years later that man became the father of Jim Curwood.

The little house in which Jimmie Curwood first saw the light of day no longer stands. Some time ago the two-story frame building was razed and so far no other construction has been erected in its place. However, a marker has been placed there, showing that it was on this particular lot that James Oliver Curwood had been born many years ago.

As time went on the two youngsters, Jimmie and Charlie, still persisted in getting into more and more mischief. People were beginning to shake their heads in disapproval and consequently Mr. and Mrs. Curwood began wondering what they should do to curb their son’s mischievous habits. For hardly without fail when anyone saw Jimmie, son of a shoe repair man, and Charlie, son of a saloon keeper, he was almost always sure to see something happen.

Both boys always ran about barefooted (something which you seldom see today), with dirty faces, hands and clothing, with no crowns in their hats whatsoever. It is little wonder that Jimmie’s hair became bleached by the sun and his face gathered a harvest of freckles.

As youngsters most children have peculiar ambitions, but those of Jimmie Curwood’s as a lad of seven were outstanding among childhood desires. It seems that his ambitions were just one or two paces behind his vivid imagination. For some day he hoped that he might be wealthy enough to buy an entire stock of bananas at one time. Then and only then would he be fully able to get his complete fill of the fruit he loved so well. His second ambition was to ride astride the large bustle worn by Kate Russell to Sunday church. Miss Russell was a cook at the combination saloon-hotel which was operated and owned by Charlie Miller’s father.

Despite all the obstacles that confronted them, Mr. and Mrs. Curwood were perhaps two of the happiest people in all of Owosso. They had a fine family and Mr. Curwood was making a fairly comfortable living with his shoe-cobbling shop. They had no luxuries, for they could not afford them, but they did have all the necessities that made for a comfortable happy life.

Regardless of how honored and respected Mr. and Mrs. Curwood were in their home town, the townspeople still continued to frown upon the antics of the Curwood and Miller children. Was there ever to be an end to all of this childhood devilment? This was the thought that plagued the minds of the citizens of Owosso when the great change came about.

Business began to grow bad for Mr. Curwood at his cobbling shop and after long deliberation he decided to sell out and purchase a farm somewhere. He received many offers for his shop “as it stood,” and so after a great deal of bickering he at last managed to get a fairly decent price and it was announced to Owosso that it would soon be rid of one of her two “Tom Sawyers.”

Although he had kept it from his family all along, Mr. Curwood at last told them one night in the dead of winter. He had made the down payment on a farm down in Ohio, located near the villages of Vermillion, Joppa and Florence in Erie County.

It was to be a new life for them and since business had slacked off to such a point that he could barely make a decent living, both Mr. and Mrs. Curwood felt that he had made a good investment.

The next day Mrs. Curwood, Jimmie, his sister Cora and brother Edward began preparing to leave their old home. With what money he had received from the sale of his shop, Mr. Curwood paid all of his debts and at last had all of his business interests straightened out. Even though he was left with very little to begin his new life, he paid every bill which the family owed in Owosso.

A few days later the family began its pilgrimage to the new land of Ohio.

The little backwood’s town of Owosso thought a great deal of James Moran and Abigail Griffen Curwood and sorely hated to see them depart, despite the fact that they were taking with them one of the town’s biggest trouble makers. Still, regardless of what their outward appearances were toward Jimmie, deep within their hearts the neighbors and all who knew him, loved him.

The move from Michigan into Ohio was later to prove the most important change in all of young Jim Curwood’s life. Many things were to happen, many events to take place within the next five years that none of the Curwood family ever dreamed would happen.

When the family of five arrived at their little farm located not far from the cross-roads village of Joppa, it was in deep winter and their forty acres were covered with snow. The head of the family was highly elated over the prospects of his “sight-unseen” purchase and at once began making plans for it.

It was not until the arrival of spring, when the snows had cleared away, that Jimmie’s father found that he had purchased something which more closely resembled a stone quarry than a farm. As far as one could see there were nothing but stones and boulders all over the forty acres of his land.

One can easily imagine the thoughts that came into the elderly Mr. Curwood’s mind as he gazed out upon what he thought was to be his salvation. Instead of rich, fertile farmland, he had purchased a practically worthless land of stones.

One night at the supper table Mr. Curwood called upon his children to help him more than he had expected them to. The stones must be picked up and stacked in piles and the work of doing so must be left to the two young sons, monotonous, laborious and endless as it must have seemed to them.

Jimmie hated his daily task of picking up rocks from sunup to sundown, but he had enough foresight to realize that he had a job to do that must be done. So together, day in and day out, Jimmie and Ed picked up stones. Picked them up so their father could plough the fields and till the soil.

Life now was drab for Jimmie. Gone were the glorious, carefree days along the banks of the Shiawassee. In their place had come the ceaseless task of picking up stones and rolling huge boulders out of the way. No longer had he the ambition to ride astride Kate Russell’s huge bustle, nor to own a whole stock of bananas. Just as any young boy of seven years would feel, Jimmie hated and dreaded work, and especially this type. It seemed that the more stones he and his brother Ed would pick up, the more there were. For with every furrow that their father’s plough would turn over, there would always appear a fresh supply of rocks, both large and small.

The two boys piled stones into great stacks higher than their heads; they constructed stone fences and they piled rocks until there were stacks actually higher than the farmhouse itself. There were great heaps of stones all over the forty acres of land. As a matter of fact there was hardly enough room left to break up the ground anew and plant crops. It was rapidly and most assuredly developing into a serious situation. Then, suddenly, relief came from an unexpected source.

The highway department of Erie county came to their rescue and took 3,000 loads of the stones at ten cents a load. For at that time the county needed stones for road repair and for numerous other repair jobs.

With the arrival of summer came long hard months of hot, back-breaking toil. Jimmie and Ed wore thick, hard callouses upon their hands, their backs seemed as if they were about to break, and the sun bronzed them until they began to look like Indians. Many times during the long three summer months Jimmie became overheated by the sun and fell in his tracks in that summer of ’85. But work had to be done if success in their new venture of farming was to be accomplished. There was little grumbling from anyone now with the realization that they must work and save if they were to live during the coming winter.

Directly across the road from the Curwood farm stood the home of Hiram Fisher, a kindly old farmer, who had developed a beautiful homesite and whose yard was filled with maple and pine trees.

The Fisher family was not as large as the Curwood’s, for there was but one child, a very lovely daughter named Jeanne who was young Jimmie’s superior by five years. Perhaps her outstanding characteristic was the beautiful brown hair which fell in glossy waves down to her trim and fragile shoulders. It was the most lovely head of hair that Jimmie or his family had ever set eyes upon. It is indeed odd that a boy as young as he was should take much notice of a girl’s hair, but its bewitching beauty made him secretly admire it.

She would always part it in the middle and let it flow down to her shoulders in long flowing tresses. She was gloriously beautiful for her age.

As time went on and Jeanne and Jimmie became better acquainted, he adopted a nickname for her that was to remain with her all the days of her life. He affectionately called her “Whistling Jeanne,” because of the beautiful tunes she whistled almost constantly.

She alone was the inspiration which helped Jimmie to hold his head high when he felt blue or useless. For Jeanne offered him companionship, untiring encouragement and wonderful guidance. She inspired him to greater things in life. Jimmie often was heard to make that remark both as a child and later as a grown man.

It was about the time that Jeanne was nearing her twelfth birthday and Jimmie his seventh, that this thought came to him:

“No matter how hard the work is, and no matter what it might be, I shall always do my task thoroughly.”

The stones that he had picked up all spring and summer finally set Jimmie to serious thinking. Every now and then after he had worked an hour or two, he would walk over to a shade tree nearby and sit down to mop the grime and perspiration from his brow. Then he would look out over the long, fertile fields that were once not so fertile and resolve that he could do anything that he should set out to do, if only he would adjust and drive himself toward it. The look in his young eyes denoted that of an adventurer. The eyes for thrills and dangers of the unknown. Even at the age of seven years, young James Oliver Curwood had begun to wonder what lay just over the brink of the next ridge.

Then, as if no such thoughts had even come to him, he would return to his task of piling stones; but as he worked he would experience a thrill, a feeling such as he had never known before as he stooped down to pick up the fragments of boulders. True, it was monotonous there in the hot broiling sun, but to Jimmie, there now was something creative in that piling up of rocks—something of which he was justly proud.

“I experienced a greater thrill when I had done three piles than I did when I had but accomplished two.”

With the arrival of fall and early winter, James Curwood saw that the work his sons and he had done had been a success. His crops had all turned out good and his farm was now a thing of beauty instead of a stone quarry. It was quite obvious that the hard labor and toil his sons and he had administered had not been in vain. Mr. Curwood being an honest and God-fearing man, thanked his Maker for his family’s salvation.

Each afternoon that winter after a hard day’s work, “the three men of the family” would trudge up to the small, white house to be greeted by the good mother and a meal of wholesome, plain, but substantial food.

The Curwood home was small, warm and comfortable, even though humble. The important item was that the little family was happy in its new home. In those days there were no electric lights, telephones, radios or motion pictures or even automobiles. So it was only natural that the fine Curwoods always were close to the “home fires.” Though meager and humble their home, no other family could have been happier.

They used the old type of Lion Brand coffee at two pounds for a quarter, and the usual stick of candy once a month or so. They had plenty of eggs and bread, for Mrs. Curwood raised hens and young chickens. Above all else, the neighbors nearby thought the world of the Curwoods and considered them “real, down-to-earth country people.”

As the winter of 1886 at last settled over them, Jimmie’s father and his family settled down to a long, cold winter, snug and secure in their own home, which by now was nearly paid for. The migration to Ohio had proved itself successful in every respect. No longer did Jimmie persist in his childish devilment, for there was neither the place nor the time for it.

## CHAPTER TWO
A CHANGE COMES ABOUT

At the beginning of the winter of 1886 Jimmie found a new friend in Clarence “Skinny” Hill, a new boy who had moved into the neighborhood. Despite this newly formed friendship, “Whistling Jeanne” remained Jimmie’s great comfort. For no matter how tired he might be at the end of the day he could always turn to her for encouragement and fun.

Usually their nightly visits would begin just as darkness would settle over the Ohio countryside. In the winter they would sit before the great open fireplace and talk and plan. By summer they would be sitting on the Fisher’s front porch steps and watch the sun sink beneath the western horizon and twilight creep upon the world.

For it was there on the Fisher front steps that Jimmie and his Jeanne would dream and plan for the future. Many are the nights that these two were to be found there, with Jeanne telling him what would be the wisest thing to do and how to set about doing it. He always listened attentively and throughout his life he never forgot what she told him. To him her words were words of wisdom and law, and he knew she was right. She never told him anything that wasn’t true. Of this he was sure.

It was just about this time in Jimmie Curwood’s life that everything which was to prove itself worthwhile later in his life’s work began to unfold.

Through constant reading, thinking and planning he had developed a mania for wanting to see stories of his own in print by setting the words down himself. Many were the times that his parents would have to speak to him a dozen or more times a night in order to get him to turn out the lights and go to bed. Seldom did Jimmie mind them on this account if he could get around it, for by now he was deeply engrossed in his childish writing career.

As for his ravenous reading, the boy could not put a book down until he had read completely through it and thoroughly understood it. He craved to express himself on paper and tried desperately to develop characters such as those of famous writers whose stories he had read.

His appreciative sense of good writing at that age was truly unusual.

Like every other youngster Jimmie had to have his play as well as his work. Thus his playtime had to cut in on his writing somewhat. So he alternated his time between Jeanne, Skinny, his writing and his working hours. Through this routine he managed to keep himself quite busy throughout the day. At times he felt as if he had too much to do, but still he enjoyed it all for life had taken on a new meaning.

As each succeeding day passed by the little farm began to mean more to him than just a place in the country where hard labor was prevalent; it became, instead, a place where one’s creative and imaginative powers could function more properly. At that age little Jimmie Curwood, the former “Tom Sawyer” of Owosso, was hoping for solitude so that he could think more clearly and thus be able to turn his characters into more lifelike people.

The remainder of that year passed rather uneventfully until the day of his eighth birthday. On that day his father presented him with his first gun, a brand new rifle.

The most amusing and yet the most serious incident that occurred in all of Jimmie’s young life while on the farm in Ohio, was the night that he “got religion.” He was nine years old.

It seems that a certain “Parson Brown” was holding revival meetings at the little town of Joppa, which was just a mile distant from the Curwood farm. Jimmie decided to see what it was all about. He had heard his parents speak of “the meetings” that were being held in Joppa, quite often. That night he trudged across the open fields, half afraid and hardly knowing what to expect.

That night at Joppa, in the little country church as the excitement grew to a fever’s pitch, Jimmie sat back and listened intently until he could no longer suppress himself. He jumped up from his seat and ran to the front of the church proclaiming that he had been saved and that the Holy Ghost had entered his body and soul.

Young Jimmie was truly inspired and this incident played an important part in his later life.

Until that moment his ideas concerning God and Heaven above had been practically the same as those of any other normal boy or girl. That heaven was just a place where all good people go, and that God was their protector. Tonight all this was changed and at the age of nine years Jimmie Curwood had already found God. It was a wonderful thing for this lad to be able to do, and it must have remained as an inspiration with him all the days of his life. Little did he realize, however, the predicament it would get him into in the days to come.

At that meeting when he rushed to the front of the church to Parson Brown proclaiming his faith and his belief, all eyes, of which there were many, were focused upon the figure of the small boy. Pleasing smiles came to every face when they discovered that a small boy was claiming his Maker. It was a wonderful sight as the Parson led the congregation in prayer and in song for the young boy as he knelt there before the improvised altar. This was the important thing in his young life that led Jim Curwood to the heights of success he later attained. For he admitted to the public many years later this same admission of faith.

“It was only through God Almighty that I have reached the pinnacle of fame and success that I have.”

Shortly after the meeting had been adjourned, with the usual benediction, Jimmie cut across the fields and through the dark woods that he had heretofore been afraid to cross at night. He felt no fear, for the spirit of the Holy Ghost was strong within him. He was reported to have said a few days later:

“An angel went with me.”

From all indications one is led to believe that the angel that guided and went with him was none other than the lovely Jeanne Fisher.

The following morning Jimmie awakened still feeling strong with the religious spirit.

He felt strong with the spirit which had entered his body the night before and he wanted the whole world to know all about it. Little did he realize the blow that his inflated and loving disposition was to receive in a short time. His parents thought it fine for this thing to have happened to their son, but at the same time felt that other people might object to it. Unfortunately enough, Jimmie could not control himself and so to his schoolmates he told of his wonderful experience. As he spoke of the new faith that had become his, his schoolmates promptly laughed in his face.

“Ha! Ha! You’re crazy, Jimmie Curwood. You’re crazy!”

Then everyone took up the chant. On that day Jimmie found himself involved in a total of five different fights, for he could not stand to have anyone say that he was crazy because he believed in something which was wonderful and something which had taken possession of his mind, body and soul. However, like all youngsters eventually come to find, Jimmie found that the flesh is weaker than the soul. From that day forth Jimmie was still given drubbings from time to time.

During those hectic days one person other than his family stood beside him to comfort and advise him. That person was his “Whistling Jeanne.”

Days lengthened into weeks and weeks into months and still Jimmie continued to pick up stones on his father’s farmlands; stones that were to later prove themselves to be “worth their weight in gold.”

The longer he remained at his daily task the more his air castles grew. His vivid imagination gave rise to dreams and hopes of greater things. All his visions and plans were strictly private and no one was allowed to interfere with the young creative artist’s dreams. Not even little Jeanne nor his pal Skinny was allowed to pierce their sacred portals. What he felt, what he dreamed of, and what he planned to do were all sacred thoughts and now vitally important to this nine-and-one-half year old lad.

Long after the usual supper hour had been completed Jimmie would go to his room to think and to plan and to write. Many were the times that his mother had to beg her puzzling offspring to put his books aside and go to bed in order to get the proper amount of rest. Jimmie’s mind was thoroughly made up and he was really intent upon what he was working for and seeking so desperately.

For six months or so Jimmie Curwood continued with his writing of his childish though well-meant blood and thunder stories, stories which he believed were truly fine.

It really did not matter to him upon what kind of paper he set his stories down, just so long as they were written. He would pick up wrapping paper and cut it into squares, or else if nothing else was available he would write his stories on tissue paper which came in shoe boxes.

As fast as he would complete one of his “swift moving, red-blooded yarns,” he would carefully file it away as best as any young schoolboy could possibly do. Writing was in his blood and it was taking complete possession of his every thought and action.

It was only after he had completed some twenty “thrillers” that he brought the entire stack down from his room and asked his parents if he might read his stories to them. There naturally was no hesitation on their part, for they were anxious to see their youngest child pursue a career such as he was now doing. So for several hours Jimmie’s parents were silent as their “pride and joy” went on with his avid reading. That night the boy read through the entire stack of manuscripts, taking some three hours and a half to complete the job. When he had finished his father walked over to him at the far end of the long kitchen table.

“You’re going to get there, Jimmie boy, you’re going to get there. Just you keep at it!”

The boy smiled, for those few words of encouragement meant a great deal to one who wanted to be a great writer.

He silently picked up his stories, went to his room and filed them away again. Hardly five minutes had elapsed before he was back at his improvised desk to start work on a new story.

At twelve-thirty that night the boy at last put away his pencils and his papers and went to bed. Rather late for a young, growing boy to retire, but his heart and soul were really in his newly-found work. With the coming day he was to have one of his greatest childhood surprises.

In the next day’s mail came the wonderful news that Jimmie’s sister Amy, who had remained behind in her own home in Owosso when the family had gone to Ohio, was coming to visit them. Since he had not seen Amy for a long time he was indeed overjoyed at the prospects of her home-coming. Three days passed until she at last arrived. Only a few short seconds after she had entered the house, Jimmie remarked:

“Gosh, Amy, you’ve changed!”

Almost from the very beginning of her visit Jimmie began telling her of his stories and shyly asked her to help him. He wanted her to read them and to tell him just what she really thought. Sister Amy’s interest in her younger brother’s career as a forthcoming author was not casual, but really of great concern.

She did everything in her power as a woman and as a sister to encourage her kid brother and to help him in every way possible. She even went so far as to check his make shift manuscripts for the errors in punctuation, sentence structure and spelling.

Perhaps the greatest step she took in the furthering of her brother’s career was to arouse the interest of Fred Janette, great newspaperman and contributor to Golden Days magazine.

To Jimmie this “introduction” was nothing short of a miracle. To get the great Fred Janette interested in his writings was indeed a mighty step toward his future as an author.

Now with the noted journalist interested in him, together with his sister’s constant coaxing, Jimmie was at last persuaded to send one of his seemingly impossible creations to the editor of Happy Hours magazine. Amy knew her brother’s work was not of literary quality but merely wanted to see the editor’s reaction and just how the manuscript would be treated. So the hand-written story was posted and within a few days, as was expected, the postman returned it with a neatly printed rejection slip attached to it.

The feature of it all was that the slip bore words of kind encouragement to the aspiring author. For the editor of Happy Hours realized that a child had submitted the script and had judged it accordingly.

The little pink slip assured the boy that if he would keep everlastingly at it he would eventually succeed in having his stories published. From that time on his rapidly maturing mind was on nothing else save that of writing. School and work entered into his everyday routine, of course, but even while he was attending to these duties he still was thinking of writing.

To add to his happiness he received in the mail one day a letter from Fred Janette himself asking the boy to send him one of his stories. Jimmie was jubilant. The very next day Amy mailed out one of her brother’s very best manuscripts which she herself had transcribed for legibility.

Several days elapsed before the anxiously waiting Curwood family received any word on the judgment of Jimmie’s story. Eventually it came through. Mr. Janette was returning the manuscript but on the fly leaf was the following inscription:

“Keep at it, fellow, you cannot fail!”

Those words meant a great deal to Jimmie, and the manuscript bearing those words remains today, yellow with age, in Curwood Castle.

Now satisfied that she had helped her brother as best she could, Amy returned to Owosso.

From that moment hence Jimmie Curwood could not be held down in the reaching of his ultimate goal. Guided by that ever present desire to become wealthy, famous and to create his own characters on his own pages in his own stories, Jimmie Curwood probably never knew exactly when to quit writing once he had commenced. He drove himself unmercifully toward that which he desired so much. It seems almost unreasonable to think that a lad of his age was capable of such determination, but facts cannot be denied or doubted. Inspiration is one thing, while encouragement and help is still another. That which he knew so well could not be suppressed. It was there within him, germinating his mind, tormenting his soul.

It has often been said that a suppressed thought in the mind of a creative writer is the worst possible thing for him to endure. He may endure all the hardships of life that are thrown in his path, but a suppressed idea or thought germinating in his mind, is fiendish torture. Such must have undoubtedly been the case of Jimmie Curwood at that young age.

Although Amy had returned to Owosso she wrote her brother every week, sending him hope and inspiration. Fred Janette from time to time wrote to the boy urging him to keep at his work. Even between times in his writing as Jimmie would be picking up stones again or else at some other type of farm labor, he experienced thrills that he had not known before. He knew he was accomplishing something, creating that which no one could destroy.

As he continued piling stone on stone and as they began to take form, Jimmie imagined that they were great castles which held gallant princes and lovely princesses. He envisioned heroes who possessed more courage and more valor than any other earthly mortal. They fought long, hard, bitter battles, always to be victorious in the end. The developing of this vivid imagination at this early age in life was one of the direct causes for Jimmie’s rise to fame.

For the first time since his dreams and plans had begun to materialize, Jimmie at last shared his ideas with his “Whistling Jeanne.” She knew all of his fondest hopes and his aspirations, and she prayed for him and fought for him in many of his schoolboy tussles.

She alone stood up for him because he was so much smaller than the majority of the other boys and she was old enough and capable enough to manage most of them. She stood up for him when she knew he was wrong. She even talked Mrs. Curwood out of a great deal of spankings that were due the lad and which he surely would have received had it not have been for her. Although five years his senior, Jimmie looked upon her as being of his own age and even younger, perhaps.

It might be said that Jimmie Curwood had loved Jeanne in his own silent, youthful, schoolboy way. He adored, in silent worship, her great blue eyes, her thick braids of radiant brown hair and her flawless complexion. As a matter of fact everyone loved little Jeanne Fisher, but as Jim Curwood once said later in life:

“Everyone loved her, but none so devoutly as I.”

In the winter of 1884 when James Curwood and his family moved into the little farm in Ohio, Jeanne Fisher took it upon herself to see that the Curwoods became her friends. The lovely Jeanne was lonely and needed friendships besides those of schoolmates.

For, from the time school was dismissed in the afternoon until the following morning, she was entirely alone with her parents. No playmates, no neighbors lived within a mile of her home.

So when the Curwoods came, Jeanne quickly presented herself. It was a strange new land to Jimmie as well as to his parents and consequently they all welcomed her friendly approach. She tried and she succeeded in making the young boy feel at home in his new neighborhood. From that time on, nothing save death could separate the pair.

By the nickname of “Whistling Jeanne,” one would be led to believe that the girl was a “tom-boy,” and so she was, to a certain extent. Her kindness for Jimmie, however, would surely tempt one to believe to the contrary. For when Jimmie nicknamed her “Whistling Jeanne,” he did so because he loved to hear her incessant whistling. She would whistle regardless of how much trouble she might be in, or no matter how low her spirits might be. At times she was very much a young lady of the first rank; but she could become a regular “tom-boy” if the occasion called for it. She was a swift runner, a good tree climber, an excellent shot with a rifle and she could put up as good a fight as most boys of her own age are capable of. Still she was every inch a young lady. Quiet and refined as the occasion demanded. She did not believe in being inactive, believing that one should keep one’s body as well as one’s mind occupied.

Only a few short months after Jimmie had launched himself on a literary career Jeanne’s guiding influence was tossed to the four winds by the reckless, though well-meaning, lad. For at that time he came under the influence and thumb of the school bully. Everything that could have happened to a schoolboy who was being led astray happened to Jimmie Curwood. He was now almost eleven years of age while Jeanne was nearly sixteen.

One morning during the first semester of school Jimmie made a terrible mistake in one of his lessons as well as having been guilty of a boyish misdemeanor.

“Jimmie Curwood, if you don’t correct yourself and apologize for your intended error, I shall box your ears,” the elderly lady teacher informed him. Sitting directly behind him was the school bully.

On more than one occasion he had caused trouble and he was once again up to his old pranks. He whispered to Jimmie and told him just what to do. It is at this age that young boys get to feel pretty important if they can hold the limelight for a while.

At first Jimmie hesitated, but when the bully called him a coward, he blurted out:

“You don’t dare to do it!”

The entire classroom instantly became ghastly silent, for the students realized only too well that this meant trouble. They also knew that the bully was directing Jimmie and he too was afraid of what the consequences might be.

The lady teacher demanded that Jimmie come immediately to the front of the room. The boy was timid and afraid, but at the same time he admired the bully for his brawn and straight-forward actions. Urged on, Jimmie got up from his seat and moved slowly toward his teacher. As he stood there in front of her “the bombshell exploded.”

The good teacher informed him of his punishment and then, following the instructions and directions of the over-grown boy, Jimmie proceeded to give his teacher a very sound drubbing, much to the bully’s delight. Not only was the teacher chagrined, but she was touched and hurt deeply.

After the hectic battle, which Jimmie nearly lost because of his teacher’s extra poundage, only the bully congratulated him. The others said nothing. Then, like most boys after committing a wrong, Jimmie came to his senses, apologized and received his punishment like a man. In due course, the elder Curwood learned of his son’s escapade, and he, too, acted accordingly. Eventually Jimmie returned to school and apologized for the second time to his teacher. Needless to say she realized that Jimmie felt it had all been his fault. She accepted his apology and reinstated him in school.

Unfortunately, however, this did not end the boy’s associations with the prodigious bully. Once again, after much coaxing, the bully took him in hand. In order to increase his prestige in the younger boy’s eyes, the older and larger lad proceeded to thoroughly trounce a big, strapping German boy. All of this occurred just a few days after the first escapade. Once more the light of adoration began to shine in Jimmie’s eyes. This reoccurrence of the friendship fortunately led to one of the greatest turning points in Jim Curwood’s entire life.

Many adventures take place in the life of a young boy, but seldom do they come as thick and fast as they did to Jimmie. For soon after all the excitement died down at school, young Jimmie discovered a revolver of small caliber that belonged to his mother, and so he brought it to school with him one day. This added to his prestige, but in a minor sort of way.

His exhibition of the weapon was met with sighs and glances of amazement by the students but none dared inform the teacher of what they had seen. They all realized the consequences if they were caught as informers.

It was during the afternoon of that early spring day that Jimmie secured permission to leave the schoolroom for a few minutes. Upon arriving outside he noticed two girls leaving an outhouse building. Ideas began popping in his imaginative young mind and so he promptly began firing the pistol above their heads. The effect could not have been worse had he struck them, for the girls were thrown into nervous hysteria.

If Jimmie thought that he had received dire punishment for his earlier prank, he was indeed badly mistaken. He had not realized the dangerous folly he had let himself in for. He was punished more thoroughly than ever before by school officials. But the worst was yet to come from his parents, as the boy fully realized.

As he escaped from the small crowd that had gathered on the school grounds and with head hanging low, Jimmie slunk across the fields toward home, sorely afraid and indeed bewildered at the trouble he had caused. His mind began to run wild as it had in his adventure stories. It kept telling him over and over that this was the end. There was no possible means of escape.

## CHAPTER THREE
THE DISCOVERER

Many devilish thoughts plagued the eleven year old Jimmie’s mind as he hurriedly made his way across the fields to his home. What was going to happen to him? What would his parents do to him? Jimmie was afraid and he had just cause to be so.

The very thing which he had done led the boy to believe that they hanged people or else shot them for such actions. He did not stop to think that he had not killed anyone, yet his child’s mind told him differently. He had brought disgrace down upon the good name of his family, and forever upon himself. And above all else, he did not want to be hanged. It really seemed to the boy that the end of the world was near for him and that there was nothing that could save him.

He was hardly a hundred yards from home when he almost burst out crying, but he refrained from doing so for he felt that he was too much of a man.

Then Jimmie thought of escape.

Only his sister Cora was in the house. And she did not see Jimmie until he had packed all that he felt he needed for his trip “away from the good old home.”

Among the possessions which he had gathered up were his hunting knife, a butcher knife, fishing tackle and a very small parcel of food. The quantity of food which young Jimmie had packed up was hardly enough for more than two meals at the most. Also it did not occur to him to take more than the clothing upon his back. In his mind he kept telling himself that he never would return. But at this time there was but one thought that stuck in his mind. That thought was to put as much distance as possible between the schoolhouse and himself. Just as he started for the back door, he was confronted by his sister.

“Where are you going, Jimmie?”

“I’m going out for a little hiking trip. Be back before long,” he replied with his head hanging low. “Goodbye.”

Had Cora thought about it at the time, she would have realized that her little brother was home early from school.

Taking one more fond glance at the old home, Jimmie turned and strode out of the door and made for the nearby woods half a mile away. It was with hurried steps too that he fled from his home, for deep in his young and perhaps rather foolish heart Jimmie feared that a posse might be organized to overtake him. Then if he were caught dire consequences might result.

When at last he entered the woods he had little thought of what to do or where to go. He just walked along glancing back occasionally when at last he made up his mind to head for Lake Erie and there board a tramp steamer bound for a foreign port.

Finally he reached the “Old Woman’s Creek” which flowed through the woods.

This proved to be the place for his first stopover; darkness was falling and he was afraid to go further alone into the night. This spot, too, was a favorite of Skinny’s and his. Here he knew a hundred different places to hide away without fear of detection.

Darkness fell quickly and quietly upon the wooded lands and the fear in the youngster’s heart swelled. Out on the surface of the river the splashings of leaping fish were to be heard. Near the banks came the ever-present calling of the frogs, that eerie cry that comes to the solitary traveler usually at this hour of the night.

Jimmie hurried on along the river’s banks to a vacant red barn. He hurried inside the rickety old frame structure and searched in the dark for a suitable place to sleep.

After several minutes of silent and cautious searching, Jimmie stumbled onto a manger half filled with hay. But sleep for the young boy was entirely out of the question at the present. For just outside the barn flowed “Old Woman’s Creek.” Jimmie shuddered at the very thought of the name. And, as if that wasn’t enough, the bull-frogs continued their strange and weird calling in the night, adding still more fears to his whirling brain. It seemed to the young boy that they were saying over and over again:

“You’re a goner! You’re a goner! You’re a goner!”

Try as he might, Jimmie just could not go to sleep. His childish imagination led him to believe that a posse of men were just outside the door waiting for him to come out so that they could pounce upon him. For with a screech owl high on the sagging roof hooting dreadfully and then the dead silence that followed along with the beat of bats’ wings, it is little wonder that the boy ever went to sleep.

With the first streak of dawn Jimmie slipped out of the manger with all the cautiousness of an Indian scout and looked carefully about.

Feeling that perhaps someone had lain in wait for him during the night he took no unnecessary chances. Seeing that no one was in sight he hurried down to the spot along the river where his pal Skinny and he had their log raft cached. He soon found it and without a moment’s hesitation he climbed aboard and with the aid of a long pole pushed himself out into the river’s current. All the terror which had possessed him the night before seemed to have vanished and he once again began to feel very much like a grown man.

The wind was now beginning to churn the river’s waters into a lather, and was actually carrying the small, frail raft out into Lake Erie. Jimmie was yards away from shore and was still going out. He frantically attempted to pole himself back to the bank, but it was useless. Minutes grew into hours and still Jimmie Curwood was seeking some way in which to get back to the fading, distant shore. He was being tossed about upon the little raft just like a piece of cork upon the ocean. Half afraid, he eagerly scanned the fastly fading shoreline in all directions until his eyes fell upon the dim outline of a sailing ship.

“No words in any language could have properly expressed my relief when a sloop with snowy sails appeared on the horizon.”

Instantly the youngster began to yell, scream and wave his arms long before anyone could have possibly heard him. Eventually the ship spotted the drifting raft and picked the boy up. When taken aboard he drew one long sigh of relief, started crying and then collapsed upon the deck.

It was the good ship Sandusky whose white sails Jimmie had seen. Upon being revived the Captain of the sloop began questioning the lad, asking who he was, from where he had come and just what he was doing out on the lake.

It was some time after he had been taken aboard that the Captain could get any information from him. When at last he succeeded they were several miles from shore and could not possibly return to the spot from which Jimmie had embarked. Later on when he had unfolded his story and had answered all the Captain’s questions, the Captain and his men all enjoyed a hearty laugh. He, too, was forced to laugh in a timid manner for it seemed amusing to him now that he had seriously stopped to think about it.

For the next two hours Jimmie leaned over the railing of the ship taking in of the broad expanse of water and the white caps which topped each wave. This was his first experience at sea and the youngster was enjoying every minute of it now that he was safely aboard a ship. This to him was truly thrilling adventure.

Far ahead over the rolling waves Jimmie could see the mainland lined by tall buildings and rows of stately trees. The storm was now beginning to subside and the violent rocking of the ship soon came to an end. He thanked his stars above for this, for he was nearly seasick.

Later in the day when they neared the port of Sandusky, the Captain called Jimmie aside and explained to him in a fatherly manner that the good people of Joppa and Vermillion would neither hang him nor imprison him and that he had nothing whatsoever to fear upon his return as long as he behaved himself. As for his parents, they were surely worried over his absence, and they would without a doubt welcome him back with open arms and warm hearts. After Jimmie had listened to all this talk from the aged Captain the old world began to look bright and rosy once again and he expressed the desire to return as soon as possible.

The ship sailed on past Huron and into the port of Sandusky where the Captain and a handful of “gobs” took Jimmie to show him the town while he waited to embark for home.

As the young boy in his tattered clothing was becoming interested in the sights of Sandusky, the Captain detoured somewhere along the line and sent a telegram to Jimmie’s father telling him where the lad was and to come and get him immediately.

A short while later the Captain rejoined his crew who were showing Jimmie the time of his life, and they all went to a nearby lunchroom where they partook of a hearty meal. This was the first good meal which the boy had had since he had left home the day before.

After having his dinner Jimmie then was taken for a walk through the little lakeside city of Sandusky where he saw his first tall buildings. He simply stood there with his mouth wide open as he gazed in silent adoration and amazement at the towering structures. For Sandusky at that time was a city of some eighteen thousand people and her streets were wide and tapering as they wound their way through the parks and down past beautiful homes.

Most awe-inspiring of all were the beautiful school buildings. Great stone edifices that were as much as three stories tall and usually an entire city block in length. Here the sailors stopped to let him watch the students come out of school. They were all dressed well and seemed to be so much older than those he had known in the schools he had attended. But he realized that he was nearly as old as most of them and that back at the one-room school near his home the people did not dress nearly so well just to go to school. This was entirely different from anything he had ever known.

After all the students had passed from his sight, Jimmie was taken still closer so that he might be able to see the magnificent structure at first hand. The huge building had great, wide halls covered with carpets, and mammoth rooms with many desks. This was truly enchantment of the first class for Jimmie Curwood. He felt certain that all this must be a dream.

As he stood there looking upon the symbols of higher education, he found that he no longer wanted to become a great Indian fighter, a buffalo hunter, or worse yet, a bold pirate. Instead, he now wanted to become a part of schools such as he was now standing before. He wanted to be one of the kings among the beautiful queens. He actually believed that he wanted to study. Until this moment his world had been the forty acre farm back there at Joppa, with all of its stones. Now a great, new world had opened up and Jimmie Curwood was determined to grasp it.

Later that same day his father arrived to take his son back home and away from the beautiful school buildings of Sandusky. En route homeward the boy tried his best to express to his father that which he felt in his heart. He told him of all he had encountered since he had run away from home. He told of the great lake he had sailed upon the first night away, and the magnificent schools he had seen and visited. His father understood.

The night of his return home found Jimmie sitting on the Fisher’s front steps with “Whistling Jeanne.” There was a full moon overhead casting down its beautiful light upon the green, fertile fields and hills. There almost seemed to be a song in the air—a song of happiness. A soft breeze was blowing through the cottonwoods and all about the house the crickets and the katydids gave forth with their serenades.

And once again Jeanne Fisher was comforting Jimmie as she had always done. Between their telling of their dreams of the future, Jimmie told Jeanne of all the wonderful things he had seen while he had been away, and of how he had visited the wonderful school building in Sandusky. He told her how he wanted to attend school there. Jeanne explained in her best manner that Sandusky was very far away and that it would cost a great deal of money for him to go to school in such a place regardless of how beautiful it might be.

But Jimmie vowed that some day, somehow, he would go to that great school to study. “Whistling Jeanne” Fisher realized then that his mind was firmly set and that he would go to any means to gain his objective, as he had proven in the past.

Seriously thinking the matter over Jeanne at last came to the conclusion that there were other schools equally as fine as the ones in Sandusky, and that if he would work hard and save his money and speak to his parents earnestly, he might some day get the opportunity he was looking for.

With the following morning, Jimmie did begin work, at whatever odd jobs he could find during his spare time. Regardless of what the task might be Jimmie was on the job.

With winter’s arrival he hunted and trapped rabbits and continued with this until the arrival of spring. When the snows had passed and winter was no more he managed to get himself a job on an adjoining farm picking up brush, trash and waste at the extremely low rate of twenty-five cents per acre. The boy took this job and did his work without grumbling because it meant a few more dollars toward his potential education. His mind was fired with the ambition to go to school where he could study to be a great writer, and go to school he would.

Spring and summer soon passed, and during this time Jimmie Curwood had beaten carpets, picked up brush and accomplished many other jobs as well as saving his rabbit pelts from the winter before. He now had enough money to buy himself a brand new suit of clothes. But with the arrival of fall Jimmie began to worry about achieving his ambition. Many days of anxious coaxing on his part began to pay off in dividends. For Mr. and Mrs. Curwood decided that if their son was so intent upon attending school and college, they would see to it that he would do so, even if it meant selling the farm.

That was it! That was the solution to their problem. They would sell the farm and move into town where Jimmie’s father could once again set up in the shoe-repair business. Days passed during which time the problem was given much serious thought. It was only after a month of such deep thought that Mr. Curwood at last decided not to sell the farm, but instead to leave Edward behind to take care of it. So, at last, came the day when the family prepared to move into the little town of Wakeman. This happened to be Mrs. Curwood’s girlhood home town.

A great many things were loaded upon the old spring wagon and as the first load began to pull out of the barnyard, Jimmie noticed tears in his mother’s eyes. She hated to leave the farm but it was a great day for her because of the educational desires of her youngest son.

Jimmie did not ride along with the first load of household goods but remained behind to go with the last load. Although of late Jimmie had not spent much of his time with Skinny, his pal remained with him for the duration of his time on the farm. Naturally, lovely Jeanne was with him, too, for it was partially through her pleading that Jimmie was getting the opportunity that he so desired.

The fateful day for departure inevitably came. It was all that Jimmie could do to keep back the tears, but he manfully refrained. He told Skinny that he would see him again soon and then he kissed Jeanne goodbye and climbed aboard the wagon. But hardly had he gotten aboard than he jumped off and proceeded to walk with Skinny as far as Bingham’s old orchard. Several minutes later the two young men saw the end of their last walk together, for ahead lay the end of the long orchard.

It was an orchard that the two boys had played in often and which was surrounded by a tall, six foot fence. Without a moment’s hesitation, merely because he realized that he should, Jimmie Curwood climbed aboard the spring wagon as they reached the end of the orchard with his mother and father, and was on his way to his new home in the city. He was going to a home wherein would come bright new horizons for the future.

Looking back a few minutes later Jimmie saw his boyhood chum standing in the middle of the dusty road waving frantically at him. Skinny was standing just where Jimmie had left him when he had climbed aboard the wagon. Further back on the road in front of the old house stood the Fisher family. There they were, Jeanne and her parents all waving their last goodbyes. A great lump came into Jimmie’s throat as the wagon rounded a bend in the road and his friends faded from sight.

When the Curwood family moved into Wakeman its population consisted of somewhere around one thousand other inhabitants. It was a trading center for a huge farming belt, and it was also a freight center. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad lines passed through the little community. Wakeman had but one main street and this was a beehive of activity on Saturdays.

There were two large general stores where one could buy anything from soup to nuts and from ploughs to jackasses. Wakeman also housed three nice grocery stores, one blacksmith shop, one poolroom and one small hotel. Therefore it was a very prosperous city for its size.

Wakeman also boasted of a cooperage in which thousands of apple barrels were manufactured daily for consumption by most of the midwest and northwestern states. Despite the number of years that have passed, this cooperage still stands today with the usual output.

Typical of all mid-western cities and villages, Wakeman was always converted into a thriving metropolis on Saturdays. On this day all the farmers from miles around would manage to come into town. They would gather about and talk about their crops, weather conditions, national affairs and always those jokes which simply must be told. They would purchase what they were going to need during the coming week and load their buggies and wagons with their supplies and then head back for the farms around nine-thirty or ten o’clock.

Wakeman had its rows upon rows of hitching rails and posts to which the farmers tied their horses and teams. Today most of those historic relics have vanished.

The first few days in Wakeman proved to be quite different from what Jimmie had expected. He knew the farm people and their ways, but he did not know the townsfolk and their standards and traditions. In fact it was in Wakeman that he attended his first party where the boys and girls were really dressed up in their finest. The boys were of an entirely different type from what he had been used to associating with. Somehow Jimmie managed to become accustomed to them and their mannerisms. It seems that Jimmie possessed that certain quality that enabled him to adapt himself to almost any type of environment.

It was at this first party that he learned many new and startling facts. He heard of how his new friends had been as far away as New York and Cleveland. Jimmie stood with mouth wide open in amazement as they spoke about their travels and adventures. He hardly dared believe them even as they were told, yet he knew they spoke the truth.

As the party went on and the conversation continued Jimmie spoke of his travels and of how he was lost on Lake Erie during a terrible storm. This increased his prestige among the younger set. As the talk continued, it finally drifted onto the subject of books and the best reading on the market. This was more along Jimmie Curwood’s line and so he listened attentively as some young lady led the discussion. At long last he had the opportunity he had been seeking. So he told of his career in writing thus far, and how he so wanted to develop his talent into an advanced study. Many of the others wanted to write but hardly knew how to get started. Jimmie explained in a modest manner his eagerness to write great works some day, too.

It was at this party that Jimmie acquired his new name. He was no longer called Jimmie, but just “Jim.” It was here, also, that the young man attempted to learn to dance with the aid of a very charming little lady. He later admitted that although he felt clumsy and ill at ease, he enjoyed it all immensely. Throughout his later life, however, Jim Curwood had little time for dancing.

Thus began Jim Curwood’s social life in Wakeman, and at first he took full advantage of it, for it was indeed truly social as compared to that which he had heretofore been accustomed.

There were many new things that Jim was going to have to learn if his social and everyday life in Wakeman were to be successful. Throughout his life he had been under the constant guidance of his devoted mother. She had cared for his personal appearance and insisted that he always keep himself as clean as possible. But in this new environment he learned that he must look after his personal appearance himself. He also learned that one’s personal appearance and habits counted first and foremost. He discovered that he must wear a tie. He found that he must wear presentable clothing to school instead of the farm clothes. He had to keep his hair trimmed and his teeth brushed. The things which had before seemed utterly trivial now were of major importance to his new life in the city of Wakeman.

Perhaps the most exasperating discovery which young Jim Curwood made shortly after he had moved into Wakeman with his family, was the fact that he must take more than one bath per week. So instead of the usual Saturday night affair, the young man found himself in the tub as often as three times a week. He hated it all.

As his new life opened before him Jim discovered that there were girls in Wakeman. The startling fact was that he found they were very pretty girls, too. Coincident with this discovery came the necessity for a little spending money from time to time if one were to get along. So, from the first time that he met one of Wakeman’s better type girls, he was constantly in need of nickels or dimes. Soon his financial problems developed to the stage where Jim was asking for quarters instead of nickels and dimes, as is only natural when a young boy begins to get “ideas.”

As Valentine Day approached, Jim met a very pretty girl whom he decided he would like to present with a Valentine. Although the tiny card cost but three cents, Jim was somewhat bashful and backward in giving it to her when the time came. So he mailed it out the day before and signed only his scrawled initials upon the back of it. Somehow the memory of his Jeanne back on the farm seemed to have slipped from his mind, for this new young lady filled his every waking hour.

As he and his new girl friend became better acquainted Jim thought he should take more than three baths a week and in a short time he was to be found in the tub almost every night. Another thing which was called to his attention was that he should always keep his fingernails clean, that a tie should always be worn, and above all that he should keep his shoes blacked every day without fail. Mother Curwood as well as her husband had noticed the tremendous change that had come over their young offspring and were pleased by it. Their coming to Wakeman seemed to be proving itself worthwhile.

In a few short weeks arrived that which young Jim Curwood had been looking forward to with great anticipation—the beginning of the fall term in the school to which he had traveled so far and on which so many of his hopes were based. Here Jim became interested in something which was to remain with him all the days of his life—Astronomy.

Through the teachings of this new subject Jim developed an entirely different conception of God. He came to know and to realize then that God had created this earth as a center of things, and that we were most fortunate to have been chosen to live upon it. He believed then that God had created all this for mankind alone, that man was everything. That the birds, the beasts of the wilds, and the fish of the streams did not matter. He believed then, as so many millions do today, that those creatures were put here just for man to slaughter if he so desired....

Winter came and passed all too soon for Jim and it was not until spring arrived that he learned of his family’s plans to leave Wakeman and return to the farm. He also made the startling discovery at this time that he had not learned much more here than he had back at the little red brick schoolhouse. True, he had learned city life and all of its startling realities, but it was the little red school house back there in the country that he yearned for.

When but one more week was left for the Curwood family to remain in Wakeman, brother Ed came into town with the team and wagon, while Mr. Curwood made all final preparations. Talk of the farm, the fields and the streams had turned Jim’s thoughts entirely to the open spaces once again.

With Ed and his father riding along on the wagon, Mrs. Curwood followed along behind in the buggy. Jim had still other ideas since Ed had brought his dog Jack along. So for most of the eight long, dusty miles, Jim and his faithful hound Jack played and walked behind the caravan.

It has always been said that early impressions in life bear greatly upon one’s future. So it was then in Jim Curwood’s case. His life on the farm as a child taught him more and more the love of the open roads and the forests. For on that day when the family returned to their farm, eight miles distant from Wakeman, Jim exclaimed:

“Gosh Mom, it’s great to be back home again! The woods are so full of wild flowers, and the old pond is crowded with big, old frogs, too.”

Skinny Hill, having heard from Ed that the family was once more going to return to the neighborhood, had been on the watch for his pal Jim since shortly after daybreak. And hardly had the creaky old wagon and buggy rounded the bend in the road than Skinny was running for all he was worth to meet his chum. In his left hand was an old, black felt hat which he was waving wildly above his head, as he shouted and whistled.

“Hello, Slip! Hello there, Slip!”

The two youngsters did not even shake hands or clasp each other in their arms. Instead they both just stood there in the middle of the dusty road with wide grins.

“My gosh, you’re home, ain’t you?” Skinny spoke breathlessly.

“Yep!”

With those few words Jim and Skinny started walking up the road behind the buggy and wagon.

During the following three days Skinny and Jim were running all over the surrounding territory looking over together what they had claimed to be their own several months before. Through the wooded strips and across the fields they went, taking in all the glory of “secret country.”

Through all of the busy and crowded months in Wakeman Jim had almost forgotten the one person who was more important to him in his young life than any other. But hardly had he set foot in the front yard of the old farm than he saw her. Immediately his pulse quickened. It was lovely Jeanne, his “Whistling Jeanne.”

The very first thing which he noticed was how tall she had grown during his absence, and her stunning beauty spun his senses about wildly. He could hardly believe what his eyes revealed.

“Something queer happened to my heart when she caught me up in her arms and kissed me. My Jeanne was changed.”

In a few minutes Jeanne had once again won her old place back in his heart. That feeling of security and comfort was his, as it had been before, now that he had his Jeanne back to console him during those times when things went wrong.

Hardly had the family a chance to really settle down again than Jim was once more beginning to write.

In the town of Wakeman he had become acquainted with a motherly old lady who had thought a great deal of him. So much so, in fact, that when he asked her for some of her old magazines, she not only complied with that request, but also went to the nearest drugstore and purchased a “dozen brand new ones” for him.

There on the little farm when his daily chores were over, Jim would sit out under the trees with Jeanne and Skinny, and pore over the contents and the wonderful stories by famous authors. The smouldering flame that was embedded within his heart for adventure stories and the yearning to write them was overpowering.

It is seldom that a boy of young Jim Curwood’s age should take so great an interest in such a mature profession. But he seemed to be able to look into the future and almost say what was going to take place, so confident was he. It seems almost uncanny that a young lad could have such a vivid imagination and at the same time learn to put it into words and story form. But a great deal of Jim’s success can rightfully be credited to Jeanne Fisher. Obviously this is true, for throughout his entire literary career, the character and the beauty of “Whistling Jeanne” was always there.

She used to tell him that he must write harder than ever and then some day he could put her into his stories.

If only she could know how many times, hundreds of times in fact, she really was written into his stories. Who knows? Perhaps she does.

So, as the sun began to set over the two little farms in the peaceful Ohio valley on that first evening of Jim’s return, it once again found Jeanne and Jim together. And as the evening wore itself into the darkness of night time, Jeanne refrained from talking of his future authorship, but upon subjects instead which were more vital to her. She had not stopped to realize that during his stay in Wakeman her Jim had become more and more entrenched in the path of becoming a famous writer of tales. As the night began to grow long Jim at last began pouring out his heart to her, and then Jeanne Fisher realized only too well that to talk of anything else save writing was a hopeless task.

Jim explained to her how he had lingered over the many new magazines that he had seen in Wakeman; how he idolized the printed names of the famous authors whose articles and stories he had read. He told of how his heart beat just a little faster as he completed reading each new story. How he had read and reread every story in every magazine that he could put his hands on. Little did he realize it at the time, but he was developing a style all his own through all this extensive reading that was later to lead him to fame. He even became breathless as he explained how his heart had missed a beat every now and then as he read those adventure stories. Tales of Indian scouts, strong, brave cowboys, and fearless Indian chieftains. Stories of dauntless seamen who sailed the seven seas unafraid in search of gold and silver.

“Whistling Jeanne” Fisher realized to the utmost that night that “literature was the guiding star of his destiny.” She came to realize also that nothing save death would stop the young, yet determined, Jim Curwood. He had it in him to write, he had something to say and to tell about, and she knew that some day he would get his chance to tell it. Either he would get his chance or he would make that chance.

Like most men of literature, a writer must have something to say, something to tell. From the age of eight, Jim Curwood had a story to tell and he always did his best to tell it in an unsurpassed manner. His courage in the face of great odds is indeed commendable.

The character of “Whistling Jeanne” has played the major roles in most of Jim Curwood’s short stories, serials and novels. Her character and her beauty were, above all else, inspirational and courageous.

The character of Melisse in “The Honor of the Big Snows,” Josephine Conniston in “The River’s End,” and Jeanne in “The Flower of the North,” are just a few of the heroines for whom her lovable character has been responsible. These novels have been filmed and flashed on the movie screens throughout the world, and his novels have been translated and written into over fourteen different languages. “Whistling Jeanne” Fisher’s character was truly an important part in Jim Curwood’s childhood days.

With all of the words of hope, courage, inspiration and wisdom which came from those “rareripe lips,” how could Jim go wrong? How could he help but to succeed? For even in his childhood days he was constantly filled with inspiration, hope and above all else, confidence. For with those words of encouragement the boy firmly planted his feet and vowed earnestly that nothing save death could ever keep him from becoming a great author. An author whose works would give to the people of the world hope and courage to push onward. Today, nearly fifty-seven years later, those works which he spoke about at the age of thirteen have given hope and courage to many millions of people throughout the entire world.

There is little doubt but that those early childhood days on the farm down in Ohio were the days which proved invaluable in the shaping of Jim Curwood’s destiny.

## CHAPTER FOUR
OWOSSO SCHOOLDAYS

Day after day while on long hikes through the forests and along the river’s banks, Jim Curwood would try valiantly to explain to his chum, Skinny, the urge and desire that was burning constantly in his heart. Unfortunately enough, Skinny Hill could not see things in quite the same light as Jim did and consequently he raised argument after argument. At times when he would grow tired of hearing Jim talk about a writing career he would very nearly lose his temper.

Fortunately, Jim Curwood had the ambition and the determination to be a writer and no one on the face of God’s green earth could stop him. The youngster actually prayed for the opportunity to go to great schools. He prayed for the one chance, the lone chance, of really becoming a “somebody.”

“I knew with God beside me that my goal could not be too far off. Hard work, and hard work alone, with confidence in the Great Arbiter, are the keys to success.”

From that time on Jim Curwood did all in his power in order that he might pave his own way to success.

Valiantly he fought the odds that were stacked against him, determined to make the grade and come through with flying colors. However, at times he would lose all hope. Then for a moment, he would stop and think about defeat and what it would mean. The next moment would find him back at work, his determination multiplied a hundred times over. It seems miraculous that such a young lad of Jim Curwood’s age could not be kept down in his battle for success at the one thing in life he wanted.

As days developed into weeks and weeks into months, it dawned more and more on the boy that unless he went away somewhere to study, it would be a hopeless task to try to be a “somebody.” It is quite plain that his mind was much more developed than his age revealed.

Like manna from heaven, his sister Amy, from Michigan, came down to visit the family a few days later. Jim thanked his lucky stars, for he realized only too well that his sister not only could help him, but would be most glad to. His young and adventurous mind began working rapidly from the very first day that Amy arrived on the farm. He felt that with Amy’s influence it might be possible for him to go away to school. For several days and nights he thought the situation over before he put the question to his sister. He lay awake at nights thinking up various situations by which he could induce Amy to take him away with her. This was his one big chance and he knew that he must not miss it.

A few days after her arrival he called her to one side and spoke to her about his plans and his dreams. From the very beginning, Amy used a great deal of tact in handling the situation.

“Amy ... Amy, will you do me a favor?” he asked.

“What is it you want me to do, Jimmy?”

“Amy, I want to go away to school and study. I want to be a great author and the only way I can be one is to go to school!”

“Do you really want to go away to school and study, Jimmy?”

“You know I do, sis, oh, you know I do. I must! I just have to, Amy. Try and fix it with Mom and Dad. Please!”

“Then I shall talk to Mother and Dad and see if they won’t consent to letting you go back to Owosso with me.”

Amy lost no time in beginning her work of persuasion on Mr. and Mrs. Curwood. They objected very much when the proposition was first mentioned and Amy worked feverishly to wear them down. Apparently they wanted to keep their youngest child with them and had no intentions of letting him go all the way back to the old home town of Owosso unless they, too, went along.

Amy spent many long hours pleading with her parents to let her brother go back with her, until the last thread of resistance had been worn away and she had won her first battle for her brother. If she had only known at the time the battles she was to have to wage for him in the future!

When Amy told Jim the good news he fairly raised the roof of the farmhouse with his jubilant howls of happiness. He vowed to his parents in his own childlike manner that some day they would be very proud of him.

As the days passed by and the time neared when Jim Curwood would once again leave the little farm, he would notice tears in his mother’s eyes occasionally, despite the fact that she tried not to show them. His father became much more thoughtful, and Jack, Jim’s faithful dog who always went with Skinny and himself on their hikes through the country side, followed the boy around in an extremely strange manner. He seemed to sense in his keen, canine way that his young master was going to leave him. Little did Jim realize that the day he bade farewell to his family and to his dog Jack it would be the last he would ever see either the dog or the farm itself.

It was exactly a month to the day after the boy had gone to Owosso that the good animal died.

Never before in all of his young life had Jim Curwood hated to leave his loved ones, despite the fact that he was determined to leave. His mother cried out as her little son climbed aboard the old buckboard with his sister:

“He isn’t my little boy anymore!”

As if this wasn’t enough to bring tears to his eyes, his beloved Jeanne began crying, too. Somehow father Curwood held up even though there were tugs at his heart strings. As his youngest child climbed onto the buckboard he calmly walked up to him and shook his hand as two men would do and asked him to take good care of himself.

After a great many fond farewells, embraces and goodbyes, Amy and Jim started on their way toward Michigan, the land that seemed so far away. In the middle of the road as Jimmy looked back after they were on their way, he saw his mother, father, brother Ed, Skinny, Jeanne and the Fishers all waving farewell. A great lump swelled up in his throat for he saw his dear old mother sobbing her heart out and leaning upon her husband’s shoulder. Jeanne, too, was crying, but his old pal Skinny was too hurt to weep. He wanted to, but somehow tears would just not come.

The last words Jim Curwood heard before the little buckboard was out of hearing distance was from Skinny who was standing in the middle of the hot, dusty road, shouting and waving.

“Goodbye, Slip. Gee, I’ll never see you again.”

It was a long, hard and exciting trip as Jimmy and Amy made their way in the buckboard drawn by two fine horses to the then small town of Owosso. The young lad was tingling with excitement at the prospects of seeing his home town again. The town in which he was born and where he had had some wonderful days playing along the river banks. But he still was constantly thinking of his father and mother as only a young boy of his age is capable of doing.

Jim had been away from Owosso for nearly seven years now, and as they drove past the city limits he hardly recognized it as the same place. It seemed to have grown a great deal and many new buildings had been erected. The bumpy old streets of old had been worked over and now were comparatively smooth.

Unable to wait until the following day to see his home town again, Jimmy persuaded Amy to take him around the day of their arrival.

One of the first things he noticed was that his old home had been transformed into a hotel. And the room in which he had been born was now a room for drummers and salesmen. There were no hickory trees growing in the streets, there were no fowls roaming about at will as they once did, and giant pines and willows which once had filled the great commons were replaced by stores and buildings.

Today the city of Owosso has 15,000 residents, and is more beautiful than it was in the days of old. Looking out of the studio windows of a wonderful writing castle which lies along the banks of the waters of the Shiawassee river, there can be seen one place that shall never be shed of the willows that wave so gently in the breeze. It is the little island in the very center of the river which flows through Owosso in a great sweeping bend. The willow trees on this small island bend their graceful boughs almost down to the water’s edge and sway back and forth continually in the cool morning and evening breezes.

Days passed rather rapidly after Jimmy returned to Owosso and the hottest days of summer were soon upon the little town. The natural thing for him to do was to look up his childhood pals and head for the river to fish and to swim. But try as he might, Jimmy could find nothing of his former Owosso pal, Charley Miller. It seemed that since Charley’s father had passed away no one had seen anything of the boy.

Perhaps the one thing which Jim loved above all else in his home town was the beautiful Shiawassee, glorious river of his childhood dreams, that flowed in graceful curves throughout the length of Owosso constantly beckoning him to its banks to swim and fish.

Owosso itself had prospered, of that there was little doubt. And its people had changed with the influx of prosperity. But to Jim Curwood it was home and when he grew older he was overheard to say:

“Many ties bind me to it and always I return there, no matter into what little-known byways of the world I wander. In Owosso I shall end my journey.”

J.C. WEBER.

It took young Jim just a couple of days to become readjusted to his old home town and again “Sparkling Waters” lured the youthful outdoorsman to its banks. This was the place where Charley and he had played before he had moved away to Ohio. The place where they hunted, trapped, fished and swam along its peaceful shores. There is little wonder why he always referred to it not only as “Sparkling Waters,” but also as his “river of dreams.” For it was along the banks of this river that many of his childhood dreams developed into realities and where he learned his first lesson about nature and the wilds he learned to love so well. It was here that the many stories that ran rampant in his childish mind later flowed from his pen.

The third day of his return found him with a pole and line headed for the river to fish. In those days he would lay his pole over his shoulder with the line dangling down and stroll through town barefooted. A typical “Tom Sawyer,” if the city of Owosso ever saw one.

His bare feet would saunter along the pavement but would step lightly when he came to cindered paths. He wore an old hat slouched down upon his sun-bleached hair which had no crown in it whatsoever. His pants-legs were torn and frayed and his shirt-tail was out in the back as always. Those truly were the glorious days of childhood.

During the first days of his return with his sister Amy, young Jimmy spent many hours along the river banks and pulled out a great deal of fish. Many people often remarked that if he did not let up on his fishing there soon would be no fish in the river for other people.

After a week had elapsed Amy told Jim that she was taking him to visit the great newspaperman, Fred Janette. You may speak of surprises, but Jim Curwood was just about the most surprised and thrilled young man in all of Michigan when his sister broke the good news to him. Who had not heard of the great Fred Janette? He himself had even read one of his newspaper serials. Now, at long last he was going to meet a famous writer! The young lad was thrilled beyond all explaining. In fact, he hardly dared believe it. It did not seem at all possible. But sister Amy had told him and so therefore it must be true. The young boy could hardly wait for the important day to arrive.

The day arrived for the visit and Amy took her young brother to the wonderful home of Fred Janette, author and newspaperman. It seemed wonderful to Jim, but in reality Mr. Janette’s home was a modest one. It was an old fashioned cottage. To Jim Curwood it was the home and mansion of a king. Soon would come the moment when he would step across the threshold, he thought. He walked nervously up the winding concrete walk with his sister. The doorbell was rung and soon they were greeted by a tall, whiskered Frenchman whom Jim later came to love devoutly. Then they were confronted by a white-headed, kindly old lady who was the mother of the great author. From that day on Mrs. Janette always held a warm spot in his heart.

After they had been admitted to the house sister Amy chatted and laughed with Mrs. Janette and it seemed strange to Jim that she was not in the least bit awed by these famous personalities, even though he was.

It was ages before a door swung open and the “great writer” himself entered. Being the gentleman and scholar that he was, Janette immediately shook hands with the boy as if he had known him all his life. Knowing that he would have to be very careful in what he said, lest he offend the youngster, he exclaimed:

“So this is our young author!”

From that moment on, Jim Curwood was sold on Fred Janette as Mr. Janette was on young Mr. Curwood.

As soon as the introductions were over, Janette promptly took Jim by the hand and led him into his den. Then he locked the door behind them. As the key turned in the lock, the youngster was so thrilled that he could hardly speak. For the first time he was actually looking at a real author’s study. True, it was just like any other author’s studio, but this was the first that Jim had ever been in. The walls were lined with books, there were two typewriters, reams and reams of paper upon which to write wonderful stories, and numerous filing cabinets in which to file material. He took in everything from the floor up to the ceiling. He had never seen anything that thrilled him so in all his life.

Behind the closed door. Fred Janette showed the aspiring young writer a cheque for three hundred dollars that the editor of Golden Days Magazine had sent him for one of his latest creations. This, of course, seemed like a million dollars to Jim and he gasped at the sight of it. Then Janette proceeded to explain to him just what his regular daily schedule was, how he went about doing his work and even showed him a story he was working on for a certain magazine.

Janette invited Jimmy to sit down at his desk and use the typewriter if he so desired. This seemed to the boy to be a great honor; he walked over to the large desk and sat down upon the chair. And as he sat there looking over the mass of papers and manuscripts, Janette told him:

“You cannot help but become successful if you put your whole heart into your writing.”

Perhaps the one thing which the youngster appreciated more than anything else about Janette was the fact that the grown man was careful not to treat him merely as a child.

From this very first meeting there arose between the two a friendship that was to last a lifetime. From that moment on, James Oliver Curwood never ceased writing. Every second that was available was spent with a pencil or pen in his hand, for writing had taken complete possession of him and it all but drove him frantic as his mind was continually upon the work that was destined to become his only life work. He had to eat and sleep, but he must also WRITE! WRITE! WRITE!

At last, though all too soon, summer had come to a close and school days were once more at hand. He enrolled in Central School the very first day, but he could not understand why he had come all the way from the farm in Ohio to go to school here in Owosso, and still find it so very uninteresting. The chances are, however, that the writing “bug” had become his first and only love, thus making it quite difficult for him to study. Perhaps one of the factors which seemed to make Jim Curwood’s schooling both uninteresting and hard was the class he was placed in when he entered school in Owosso. For he was put in the seventh grade because of his ungentlemanlike feats at Wakeman and his vulgar tactics under Mrs. Bacon. Obviously this was not the rating he deserved, but the teachers at Central School seemed to think it best. They did not know young Curwood was returning to school “to study.”

This of course was a very bad beginning when one has made up one’s mind that he really wants to be someone, and young Jim was indeed very much “burned up over this treatment.” Despite this barrier, he “muddled through somehow,” as he chose to put it, until he had finished the tenth grade.

Many times, according to authoritative sources, Jimmy Curwood was referred to as “a hopeless horror” in Algebra, by a Miss Curliss. A Miss Needles always maintained that Jim Curwood was hopelessly dumb and could never be any other way. Then there was a small man by the name of Chaffee who once remarked that the boy’s empty mind was the outstanding feature of the Owosso schools. The Miss Curliss was perhaps Jimmie’s greatest dread. Time and time again she embarrassed him before the entire class. On one particular occasion she called him an “unforgettable horror in her mind,” when Jim staunchly maintained that a “skipper” was a bug in cheese rather than the master of a ship.

There was but one bright spot in all of Jim’s schooling in Owosso, and that was a very pretty and charming teacher named Miss Boyce. Despite the many mistakes he would make in class she never lost patience with him and was always encouraging and cheerful. Years later when the “plague of Owosso” became a full grown man and an author in his own right, he remarked:

“To Miss Boyce and Miss Bartrem, who never lost interest in me, is due what little I actually did accomplish there.”

Then, too, there was the principal of the school, Professor Austin by name. He was a kind and understanding man and he sympathized with Jim in his goings and comings up and down the Shiawassee river, even though he did not approve of it during school hours. The principal once told him bluntly that if he ever heard of a prize for stupidity in the classroom, he would see that it was awarded to him. It was such things as these, trivial as they may seem to some of us, that made Jim Curwood’s early schooldays in Owosso ones of endless terror and seemingly hopeless failure.

When at last the fall season was over and the cold winter months were at hand when the snow would pile up as high as three and four feet deep, Jimmy would be up at the crack of dawn and out along the banks of the Shiawassee setting his traps for muskrat and mink. He would catch scores of them between the two bridges at Washington and Oliver streets. The two streets were a little over a quarter of a mile apart, and were in the very heart of the residential section, as they are even today.

By the time his second school year began the “Sparkling Waters” had absolutely claimed him. In his possession he had countless traps, several guns and an Indian dugout canoe.

Actually being of Indian-strain himself, it is little wonder that Jim Curwood haunted the lakes, streams and wilds. His maternal grandmother had been a full-blooded Mohawk Indian princess. This was, perhaps, a prime factor in his urge to isolate himself in the wilderness which had left its imprint embedded deep in his heart. But he was also a direct descendant of Captain Frederick A. Marrayat, world famous novelist and seaman, and Jimmy’s paternal grandfather.

So it is understandable how, of all the students at Owosso public schools, perhaps the most difficult and indignant one was James Oliver Curwood. When he was not present in school he was either writing tales of the wilds, or living them along the banks of the rivers nearby. In fact he had absented himself from classes on many occasions to devote more time to his stories. Jim Curwood finally developed into a real problem for his teachers in high school.

One day as he quietly came tip-toeing to his seat while Professor Austin was in the middle of an invocation, the teacher caught sight of him and completed what he had to say with: “And dear Lord, we thank Thee for returning Nimrod safely to us this morning.” From that day forward his nickname at school was “Nimrod.”

It was during the first winter of his return to Owosso that Jim received an important letter from his father in Ohio. The elder Curwood wrote that, unless he could find some way to get back to Owosso to make a living, he, Jimmy, would have to come back to the farm. His mother missed him terribly and yearned to have her baby son back in her home.

Both sister Amy and Jim were overjoyed. But the young boy was torn between love and duty. The little farm was tugging at his heartstrings once more as were his “Sparkling Waters” here in Owosso. Still, he had his duty to his parents to consider, and if they remained on the little farm, he just could not make up his mind what he preferred to do.

The letter from his father had brought back memories that heretofore he had tried to conceal. Now he yearned for the old farm, his dog Jack, his parents and last, but far from least, Jeanne and Skinny. But he loved his Owosso and its surroundings, he loved his river and his wilderness with a burning, flaming passion. What was he to do? Sister Amy simply told him to wait until they saw how things were going to shape up.

From that time on until the arrival of spring Amy and Jim received but one letter from their parents. Then one warm, spring day in April, who should arrive at Amy’s home than Mr. and Mrs. Curwood, with Jim’s other sister, Cora. It was such a pleasant surprise.

Once again father Curwood established himself in a little cobbling shop with the front all painted a fiery red. He was taking up where he had left off eight years before.

Brother Ed had remained behind to run the farm, so that in the event that things did not go so good for his father in Owosso, the family would then have something to fall back upon.

For many years father Curwood had mended other people’s shoes in his old-fashioned way, with needles, thread and wooden pegs. One of his outstanding characteristics was that he never shirked his work and never did less than his best. Because he was the kindly old gentleman that he was, he was always held in high esteem by the townsfolk. His politeness and courteousness were appreciated by all who knew him. Many years passed since the time he had made his return to Owosso and again set up in his cobbling shop. His hair grew white from his hard work, but he always kept his head high and stood as straight as any soldier. Jim often said that no son could have had a finer father than he.

Shortly after his fifteenth birthday young Jim secured employment in Fred Crowe’s grocery store. Here he worked on Saturdays and earned fifty cents for his day’s labor. At this time in his life this small sum seemed like a small fortune.

Work or play, as he chose, the young aspiring writer always found time to hide away to do his daily stint of writing that was in years to come to net him several hundreds of thousands of dollars. He loved to go where it was peaceful and quiet. It seemed that his best work always came when he was in a quiet corner of the world.

Writing as he did at this age (and that was a great deal), Jim had not as yet mustered up enough courage to send any of his stories out to the publishing houses.

The spring following the fall that Mr. Curwood and his family had moved back to Owosso to rejoin their youngest son Jim, he bought a nice little home on the one sweeping bend of the Shiawassee river in all of the town. It was a two-storied affair and from Jim’s room upstairs he would sit and look out over the river and commons that were filled with some of the most beautiful trees in all of Michigan.

Shortly after moving to the new house, Mr. and Mrs. Curwood outfitted their writing son with a desk and a table for his own room, as well as a second hand Caligraph typewriter. At last Jim had his own study, his own private study. The young lad felt that he was now on an equal basis with the great writer Fred Janette and proceeded to decorate his room in much the same manner as Mr. Janette’s.

Here he knew that he could work without interruption and fear of being disturbed. Here he could lock the door and write as much and as long as he wanted to.

Just outside the window below him as he sat at his desk was his river, flowing gracefully and silently along as it made its way in a final sweeping bend before entering the surrounding wilds. The thought that entered Jim’s mind when he first sat down to write was: “Surely I can get an inspiration here!”

Time quickly passed by, and as time flew, so did young Jim Curwood’s stories. For just as fast as he would complete one story on the second-hand typewriter, he would begin another one.

One of the most enjoyable things to him at this age was after the supper hour, when his family would gather around him and listen as he read his newly-written stories of adventure. Actually his elders were almost spellbound at their son’s accomplishments. Every story that the young lad wrote was indeed good, his parents readily agreed, even though there would be an exceptionally exciting one occasionally. Many are the times that Mrs. Curwood would remark to her neighbors how her son, Jimmy, was progressing in his chosen work. And even as quiet a person as his dear old father was, he, too, broke down every now and then to praise what his youngest child was doing.

“Fine, Jimmy boy, that’s fine!”

Throughout the preceding seven years Jim Curwood’s interest in writing and literature had never abated. Now, at fifteen, the thrill and enjoyment of his chosen life work was surging through his veins at a much greater rate of speed. Now he had a typewriter on which to write his stories instead of scrawling them on wrapping paper with a dull pencil. Writing was a part of him. It would have been an impossibility for him to have given it up, even if his very life had depended upon it. For Jim Curwood was certain, even at that adolescent age, that Jim Curwood would become a great writer.

Despite the fact that he had not mustered up enough courage to submit any of his stories to editors, he knew that he must continue pounding a typewriter or “die the death of a lost soul.”

Long before the Curwood family moved to the new home on John Street on the bend of the river, young Jimmy used to collect all sorts of wrapping paper and cut it into sheets of standard size in order to keep his work in good shape. Then he would write his stories out in crude fashion and once he had completed them would bind them together to make a compact volume. As a matter of fact, Jim would often set his stories down on anything that would make itself available. As a result of all those prodigious hours of writing as a child there are literally thousands and thousands of manuscripts filed away in neat stacks in the bottom of his writing studio today.

The first story of Jim Curwood’s to appear in print was entitled “The Fall of Shako,” which appeared in the Owosso paper, The Argus. The unusual feature of this first appearance in print was that “The Fall of Shako” took young Jim much longer to write than any of his other stories.

The story was accepted by George Campbell, who at that time was the editor and owner of The Argus, and he published it with Jim’s by-line in bold type directly below the title. No payment was made for its publication, but at that time Jim thought little, if at all, of remuneration.

Living in Owosso then was a man named Dave Joplin who, for some unknown and mysterious reason, disliked Jim’s father. With the publication of the story with the by-line, JAMES CURWOOD, in bold type, he believed he saw the opportunity he had been anxiously waiting for. He did not realize that Mr. Curwood had a son by the same name, and was mistakenly under the impression that the author was none other than the subject of his dislike.

With calm deliberation Dave Joplin sat down with his pen flaming hot and wrote harsh criticism of “The Fall of Shako.” This he sent directly to the office of The Argus.

He termed the story an insult to the intelligence of the people of the community and one composed of childish drivel.

Publisher George Campbell, sensing the possibilities of the joke, published the “flaming letter of criticism” on the front page of The Argus. Instantly it boomed back in the form of hundreds of letters and postcards from angry and outraged citizens, who protested vehemently against a man like Joplin attacking the young writer. Realizing his mistake, Joplin promptly offered apologies, but the public was up in arms over the silly, idiotic outburst of a full grown man.

Shortly thereafter Fred Janette heard of the incident and immediately took to Jim’s rescue through the press itself. He wrote that Joplin had shown himself to be a superlative ass and that his own egotistical self-centered nature would be his downfall. At the same time the citizens of Owosso took up the battle in favor of young Jim. By the hundreds, letters of opinion flooded into the office of The Argus.

Because the editor of a small town newspaper had seen fit to publish a short story by one of the town’s citizens, the miracle had occurred and the young writer was beginning to receive publicity that he had not expected in his wildest dreams to come to him so soon. His name and the story concerning him was being printed on the front page of every large newspaper throughout the country. It was more than state news now, for it contained color and adventure that millions of people enjoy.

As days went by Jim began receiving congratulatory mail from all parts of the country. All this, because of the publication of one apparently mediocre story. But it was doing him more good than he realized at the time. He was getting his name before the public as a writer and that in itself was worth its weight in gold.

It was not long before the Detroit Journal asked for a contribution. Naturally it was quite a surprise for the growing boy and when this happened he saw his chances for success suddenly rise to new heights.

“The Fall of Shako” was written November 2, 1894. It was published in The Owosso Argus on November 21 of that year.

The day before publication of that wonderful “first” of Jim Curwood’s, he had been unknown and unsung. The next day everyone in Owosso, in surrounding towns and in many states knew that James Oliver Curwood lived on John Street and that he was a writer of no mean degree. Although the Detroit Journal was the first to ask for some of Jim’s work, other papers in Detroit immediately followed suit as well as a few papers elsewhere in the state. However, as the Journal had been the first to contact him, Jim submitted a group of his tales from which two were quickly chosen. These were “Pontiac’s Last Blow” and “The Angel from Heaven.” To his amazement he received no payment for these contributions. Several days later he completed a new tale entitled, “The Girl with the Rareripe Lips and the Raven Hair,” which he promptly mailed to the Journal, and this was as promptly accepted. No payment was made for that story either. So, with renewed energy and determination, Jim took down his worn book of synonyms and dictionary and began writing with more ambition than ever before.

After a long trip to New York, Fred Janette returned to Owosso to see how his young charge was faring. He was quite surprised at the progress the young writer was making. He was not only pleased, but deeply contented. Yet, within him, Fred Janette felt that something was wrong somewhere along the line, and he decided to delve more deeply into the career of young Jim.

With careful deliberation he began reading the few published works of the young author. Hardly had he finished reading the stack of manuscripts than he immediately “yanked” the boy into his private study once more. Here he explained fully just what Jim would have to do and what he must not do. Fred Janette finally convinced Jim that he must write hard and earnestly for a long time before he could hope to receive payment for his work. It was during this session that he advised Jim to try writing a juvenile serial for experience, if for nothing else.

All during the long heavy snows of the winter of 1893 Jim sat at his desk on John Street, hammering away on his two twenty-thousand-word serials. They were entitled “The Rebel Quintette,” and “Firelock of the Range.” Today, forty-nine years later, those two manuscripts still remain in the dungeon of Curwood Castle, for they were never published.

Of these two scripts, Curwood said in later life: “These pencil-scrawled manuscripts, yellow with age, are among those I sometimes show to those whom I sincerely desire to understand what is not good writing. Neither was ever published.”

The remainder of that winter Jim kept everlastingly at his work, pounding away feverishly on the rebuilt typewriter, with the ever-present desire of having his stories published burning deep within him. His native love for writing, aided by the unceasing encouragement of his parents and Fred Janette, drove him constantly forward. For even when the young boy would grow tired Janette and Jim’s mother saw to it that the boy’s imagination was never led astray or left to linger. They saw to it that his rapidly developing brain was continually at work.

It was during the last half of his sixteenth year that Jim Curwood, young as he was, realized that he was on the right road to success. However, he did not imagine just how long and how tiresome that road would later prove itself to be.

Shortly after Jim had passed his seventeenth birthday, he began sending out his stories with fond hopes of acceptance and remuneration. These hopes were short-lived, for just as fast as he would mail the manuscripts out others would be returned with a neat pink, blue or white rejection slip attached.

Time and time again Jim had fits of despondency that all but drove both him and his parents insane. He grew to hate the very sight of one of those pink or white pieces of paper. Upon receiving a rejection slip he vowed that he would never write another line. Always within twenty-four hours he would be back at his typewriter, pounding away as usual.

Throughout all those lean, hard years of climbing slowly but surely uphill in his claim to success and fame, Jim Curwood prayed to his God for guidance and a brain that was capable of turning out a saleable story. He, like so many other authors, knew that prayer alone would never turn the trick. Everlasting persistence and staunch, bulldog tenacity must be present if success is to come.

Jim did have the foresight, however, to realize that he must work continually in order for him to achieve any minor degree of victory. And work continually he did. Always from the crack of dawn to the wee, small hours of the night he could have been found in his study, hard at work.

Curwood’s prayers during his teen age experiences were not so much that he become wealthy or famous. Nor were they for the clamoring for recognition. They were simply that people could get to read his stories. Then he would be able to write yarns that people would want to read. Publication and a ready audience were all that the young man craved.

During those times when fits of despondency would overcome him at the sight of a rejection slip, there was but one thing Jim would do. He would have his outburst of temper, take a long walk and then return to his typewriter. Unlike most writers who receive, as a rule, not more than two or three rejects in the day’s mail, Jim often got as many as twelve to fifteen. Always they seemed to come in great avalanches. This was all due to his prodigious output of words and stories.

When he would receive several of his tales back from the different publishers, Jim would merely send them on their way to different ones. He was not one to give up easily and consequently could not be whipped in his determination to succeed. The postage bill at the Curwood home as a rule varied from as little as $1.00 to as high as $3.00 and $4.00 a month. But his parents concerned themselves little at the expense for somehow they knew that the cause was a worthy one.

In due time the youthful author, who by this time had published over a dozen different stories, came to believe just what the printed rejection slip said—that rejection of a story did not necessarily mean that it was not good, but that the story was unsuited to this or that particular editor’s needs at the time.

At one time during Jim’s youthful and turbulent career, he received a printed rejection slip from Bob Davis of Munsey’s Magazine, which had the following scribbled on the bottom:

“Keep at it, kid, you’re bound to win!”

These eight words were to prove themselves priceless to Jim Curwood during the time when everything he wrote seemed to appear so black and foreboding. For it is seldom that an editor will take the time to write words of encouragement to aspiring authors. However, it seemed that Munsey’s liked Jim’s work even though it did not quite reach its standards. The kindness handed him by Bob Davis was something which the boy never forgot.

Here and there among Jim’s many files of correspondence, private papers and manuscripts are to be found many such words of encouragement from various “big time” editors of that era. Brief notes from men who knew that the young man was really a “coming big name.” It was these same notes that kept the fire burning within Jim’s heart, and drove him on when his ambition and energy lagged.

Probably one of the most amusing incidents in all of Jim’s hectic career was the first and last time he was ever guilty of plagiarism.

It seems that in Jim’s still somewhat immature career, he wanted publication so badly that he found a way of achieving it, though it was not quite an honest or ethical one. He had come across a poem that he enjoyed very much. A poem that was as old as the yellow paper upon which it had been printed. It was entitled “A Fragment,” written by the internationally famous Lord Byron. So, in his rather great haste to reach the top rung of the ladder of literary success, Jim changed the name of Byron’s poem to, “A Prayer,” and submitted it to a magazine as his own work.

Then one day, weeks later, he received a check for fifty cents from the magazine which had accepted the poem for early publication. This brought high elation to the young man even though the real thrill was lacking.

Several days after publication of the poem in the “big magazine,” the final blow to Jim’s elation came. For it seems that Fred Janette’s mother recognized the bit of verse as that of Lord Byron’s famous “A Fragment.”

“Never will I ever forget the expression that came over Mrs. Janette’s face when she saw that which I had sold to be my own.” Jim remarked in later life. But somehow she seemed to think it best not to say anything to him about it at the time. However, a few weeks later she admitted to him that she had recognized the poem to be Lord Byron’s. She was even good enough to explain to the editor of the magazine which had published it begging him not to say anything to Jim. She believed that if the magazine’s editor had accused Jim of plagiarism, a truly great career might have been shattered, hardly before it had actually begun to get a good start.

Having derived no decidedly great thrill from what he had done, it dawned on Jim that not only had he cheated himself, but had equally cheated his parents and his friends. For Mr. and Mrs. Curwood firmly believed that the published verse had actually been their son’s.

For weeks to come Jim Curwood worried and fretted over his literary crime. It grieved him to think that he had published something which had not been his own and that he had been paid for it. However, he shortly let the matter drop from his mind after vowing never to repeat the act, no matter how badly he wanted publication. James Oliver Curwood never committed plagiarism again.

In those early struggling days for James Oliver Curwood, there were such magazines on the market as The Wayside Tales, The Four O’Clock, The White Elephant, The Black Cat. To these, and to many others, Jim offered his writings. Unfortunately, they did not see fit to publish young James O. Curwood. Regardless of the rejections he usually got, he always kept Munsey’s Magazine on his list, for it had offered more encouragement and rays of hope than all the other magazines combined.

Then success, in a minor sort of way, came to young Curwood. He received a notice of acceptance from the Gray Goose magazine and $5.00 in payment.

If the neighbors had not known that a young writer lived nearby, there is little doubt but that they would have believed a raving lunatic had invaded the little house on John Street. For at sight of the check, Jim jumped and ran about the house, shouting at the top of his voice, as he waved the green piece of paper wildly above his head. And he had good reason for doing so. “Across the Range” was his first paid-for story. Heretofore he had had several of his stories published, but had never received any compensation for them. Now the “ice had been broken,” and he was on the road to success.

“If the check had been for five-thousand dollars the thrill would not have been greater,” said Jim at the time. For here was the result of ten years of mental anguish and strain; ten years of impatient, but hopeful waiting. Here was what he had been striving for. It hardly seemed true, yet there before his eyes and in his hands was the check.

For many days after this wonderful happening Jim was held in the throes of excitement, the likes of which he had never known before in all his life. At last he could call himself a professional writer. The beacons of happiness and earnestness shone bright in the teen-aged youth’s head, for at last his dream was coming true.

Feeling that he had at last struck the right chord Jim wrote hot, scorching letters to all the editors who had previously rejected his stories. Many of them replied in due time by saying, in effect, “we have never heard of the Gray Goose before.”

It was not long before young Jim began to believe many things about himself that as yet were not exactly true. He even felt himself to be on an equal status with his idol, Fred Janette. He also believed that now that fame and glory had taken a quick look at him, he should resume his normal life and turn out still more yarns. Stories which would sell many, many copies of the magazines in which they would appear. Stories that would hold their readers spellbound from beginning to end. Stories that would provide hope, inspiration and ambition to those who might have grown weary of the struggle. He wanted to write so that in his works there would be a message for all.

For a long time Jim had wanted a bicycle of his own. He had borrowed his friends’ bikes many times, but neither they nor he approved so very much of this policy. He had been saving his money in the hope of accumulating enough to purchase one for himself, but he began to realize that it would take a long, long time for him to save up the fabulous sum that a new bicycle would cost.

One day early in June of 1896, young Jim Curwood, now past seventeen years of age, had one of the most pleasant surprises of his life. Mr. Curwood bought his growing young son a bicycle all his own on which Jim was free to ride whenever and wherever he chose.

It was a grand and glorious thrill for the boy. It gave him a feeling of satisfaction and immense pride. No longer would he have to borrow a bicycle. Now he had his own, and it was the newest and best bicycle in all of Owosso.

On the very day that Jim became the proud owner of the new bicycle he began planning for a long trip. He decided, after some reflection, to travel southward.

Fortunately enough, Jim’s parents had no serious objections to his plans, so, upon completing his itinerary, he made ready to start on his travels early the following morning. His first stop would be at his cousin’s, Bert Van Ostran, seventeen miles away. Father Curwood reached down into his pocket and extracted fifty cents which he gave to his youngest boy, and then Mrs. Curwood packed him a good lunch.

After the discussion of the trip had come to an end the family prepared for bed. Jim urged his parents not to see him off in the morning, for he expected to be on his way at the first crack of dawn. The elder Curwoods doubted very strongly, however, that he would even be out of bed by dawn, let alone being well on his way peddling a bicycle. For to reach cousin Bert’s home, Jim would have to peddle over seventeen miles of the worst gravel roads. So they made no objections, slyly believing that the whole trip would come to naught.

But Mr. and Mrs. Curwood did not realize to what extent the adventure blood was surging through their son’s veins. They did not realize the yearning that Jim held in his youthful heart for the open skies where the stars shone down in glittering millions. They did not know of the love their son bore in his heart for the winding, steep trails, the blazing campfires or the countless spots along the streams where one could lie and dream upon the green turf while one’s fish pole would dangle idly in the cool green depths. No, Mr. and Mrs. Curwood did not stop to think of this. Perhaps it is better they had not known, for it might have resulted in a great and most unwelcome change in Jim Curwood. A change that might have eliminated him from the ranks of the world’s greatest adventure writers.

By the first gleams of breaking dawn as the sun awakened to start a new day, Jim Curwood was well on his way to his cousin’s home seventeen miles distant. One may only guess at the surprise that his parents must have experienced when they discovered that the boy was gone.

Jim pedaled his heart out and reached Bert’s home the same afternoon.

Hardly had he arrived than he was explaining his scheme to cousin Bert. Up until this time Jim had not spoken to anyone concerning the plan that had been hatching in his brain. From all indications it was merely to have been a short bike trip of seventeen miles and no further. Bert was in complete agreement, and that night the boys sat in Bert’s room and drew up their secret plans long after their elders had turned in for the night—plans that would open up new roads of adventure for them.

The following morning the boys were up early, and by the time the sun rose they were on their way, their bike racks loaded and their luggage tight.

As any nature lover, any adventurer or any traveler knows, there is no holding back, no barring of the path when one hears the call to nature and wildlife. There is no one to bar your path and say that you cannot go here and you cannot go there. You are free to go where you please and when you please. The passport to adventure is the love of nature.

Throughout the wanderings of the two comrades they managed to live off the land, as wanderers do. Often, being extremely fortunate, they would receive handouts consisting of fresh eggs, chicken, milk and vegetables which they consumed to their hearts’ content. But they were not without their periods of hard luck, too, for on occasions they had to run for dear life before the rage of farmers who did not particularly relish their trespassings. But all of this was to be expected, for they had chosen to live the life of adventurers and live it they did to their utter joy and sheer happiness.

It was about the middle of July that Jim and Bert decided to swing around and see as much territory as possible in the remaining time left them. Immediately they made for Ohio, into eastern Indiana, then back into Ohio and on down into Kentucky.

This being the first real trip that Jim Curwood had made thus far in his life, he felt an immense and almost inexpressible thrill when his cousin and he crossed the wide and swift Ohio river enroute to the state of Kentucky. He had never before been this far south and he enjoyed it so much that they spent several days in the “Blue Grass” state. They never remained in any other spot for more than half a day at a time.

They pedaled up long, winding trails and hills where on both sides of them were deep chasms and high cliffs, overlooking wide fertile valleys. They travelled over many miles of Kentucky’s roads and by-ways, thrilling to every mile, every stone, every stream. Unexpectedly, through the kindness of an unknown sportswoman, they were given an opportunity to ride on a large steamboat which had stopped at the docks of the Ohio river. So, with their bicycles safely on board, Jim and Bert stood along the rail with their hostess as the shrill whistles blew. For several days and nights they had three square meals daily in truly luxurious style and they slept like kings in soft and downy beds. The dream, real as it was, ended when the boat docked at Louisville, and the two boys disembarked to make their plans for pedalling back to their respective homes.

Schooldays soon arrived for Jim Curwood and into the long, wide halls of Central School he strode once more. This time he was not the meek and timid beginner as of old, but one who had the air of an adventurer about him. He had also grown a great deal during the summer, his skin was tanned. His natural coal-black, straight hair was almost bleached white by the hot summer sun.

Despite the fact that he was glad to be back in school, soon the urge for the great outdoors and what they had to offer began to beckon to him stronger than before. So, outside of school hours (and those days when he would miss school altogether), his time was divided between his river and his bedroom study.

Night after night Jim constantly heard his river rushing past his upstairs window on into the wilds. Soon he found that he could not withstand the urge longer ... nature was beckoning. So he wrote a long, heart-filled letter to his old pal Skinny, imploring him to come and join him, and together they would go on one grand and glorious adventure. Many anxious days he waited until those days had developed into weeks, and still no reply came from Skinny down in Ohio. This silence puzzled Jim greatly. Surely Skinny had received his letter or else it would have been returned to him long before now.

Jim waited three or four days more before giving up all hopes of hearing from Skinny.

One day, when the spring rains had stopped and the flowers had begun to burst open in a glorious outbreaking of wonderful springtime, Jim Curwood brought home all his books and announced that school was of such minor importance to him, as compared to the material he must gather for a story for the editor of Golden Days Magazine, that he must at once dismiss all thoughts of study and head into the Big Marsh. As far as Jim Curwood was concerned now school was so much water over the dam and something which had done him little or no good whatsoever.

The urge for adventure was much more stronger than the urge to attend school, despite the fact that he had returned to Owosso from Ohio principally to go to school. But he had pondered over the situation seriously for many weeks and his mind was made up. He was heading north and nothing was going to stop him. He wanted that country so feverishly and wanted to write about it so badly that he could not and would not suppress himself further.

Fortunately enough, school in those days was a small part of one’s life. So Mother and Father Curwood did not raise much protest against their son’s wishes, even though they had hoped and prayed that he would some day go through college. Consequently Jim had very little trouble in gaining the necessary permission, although the necessity of gathering material for the editor of Golden Days was a fabrication. The editor of that magazine had never even heard of Jim Curwood....

Several days later Jim started out on his lone venture, still wondering why Skinny had never answered his letter. He was starting out into the Big Marsh Country and the “Land of the Bad” alone. Carrying his gun in one hand and his dunnage in the other, his tramping was to be a solitary one. In those days there were no automobiles and the country was low and flat. There was nothing but timberland, swamps, lakes, creatures of the wilds and the rushing white waters of the rivers.

As Jim began hiking on the first day of his trip, the sun was just beginning to peep through the trees. At the end of that day the sun was sinking behind the western horizon in a glorious burst of color. He had made something like thirty miles and he was to spend his first night out in one of the cabins of one of his swamp Indian friends and feast upon the usual meal of fried muskrat.

By sunup the following morning Jim Curwood was in the little town of St. Charles, and it was here that he rented a leaky boat.

Jim was on his way down the Bad long before most people are ready to sit down to their morning meal.

A half mile or so down the river from St. Charles, Jim entered a region supremely and gloriously wild. It was strangely and unusually quiet; and along this particular point the Bad river was very deep and wide, and all but currentless. Bordered on both sides by many types of trees: spruce, willows, jackpine, maple and beech that seemed to be bending their heads down to the water’s edge, and long entwining vines that looked as if they were just waiting to fasten their deathlike grips about Jim’s young neck. It was all mysterious and terrifying, but Jim loved it all. He loved and almost worshipped every single thing regardless of how wild and spooky it looked.

J.C. WEBER

The farther he pushed along, the more he began to realize that he was well within the swamp territory and uncut timberlands, a place so primeval and mysterious that it fairly rang with the sound of adventure. It was deathly still and quiet.

As Jim dipped his oars silently and deeply into the black waters he could not help but hear the occasional sounds of birds and wildlife about him. Yet, he was not at the place he wanted to be, the region where game was abundant. But it was part of what he was seeking. He marveled at the sounds and the scenery and was thrilled as never before.

Jim Curwood took in everything with all the awe and wonderment of youth. But soon he knew that he must stop admiring the scenery and make for his destination before nightfall caught up with him. His destination was a place where the swiftly flowing waters of the flooded Shiawassee joined those of the slow, currentless Bad. It was there that he planned to spend the night. Jim dug his oars deeper into the cold, black, silent waters of the mysterious Bad river.

As young Jim rowed along many thoughts entered his mind. He had always thought of the Bad river as an outlaw, stealing away to some dark, secret, quiet place of seclusion. In some places the longest fish poles cannot touch bottom, so deep and abysmal is it. As Jim feared it, so he loved it.

Around four o’clock in the afternoon, as the sun was beginning to set and the shadows began to drop much deeper within the thick wilderness, Jim reached the old logging cabin that he had been heading for. Upon his arrival there, he was greatly perturbed to find that only about a half an acre was above the flood waters. He landed his boat on the dry land and went ashore.

The next morning, long before the sun had made its appearance, he was well on his way. Fortunately enough for him, he did not have to go as far as he had expected, for he ran into his old friend, “Muskrat” Joe, with whom he spent that day and night.

That night Jim Curwood spent one of the merriest and most enjoyable suppers of his life as he sat by the campfire with one of the true wilderness wanderers. They laughed, and joked and told tall stories. The two spent the next five glorious days together, after which the faithful Joe invited Jim Curwood to come to his home and stay a while with him.

For four unforgettable weeks James Oliver Curwood lived the life of a swamp Indian, doing everything, and eating the same things that swamp Indians do and eat. He paddled an old dug-out canoe that had been carved from the trunk of a huge tree and ate what food the Indian offered him. Many of the dishes that the mysterious and picturesque “Muskrat” Joe cooked, most men would turn from in horror. This was not the case with Jim, however, for he ate everything. He felt that what Joe ate was good enough for him.

Perhaps the amazing part of this wilderness living with Joe was that the Indian’s home was wonderfully clean. The abode was located both on and off the river. A long, winding path covered by marsh grass led back to the actual home, if one chose to call it a home. Then, too, it could hardly be termed a cabin or shack, for it was built of tree boughs and limbs, plastered together with swamp mud and thatched over with tall, tough marsh grass. This kept the hot air out in the summer and the cold winds out in the winter.

The place itself was surrounded by an air of mystery and seclusion. It was in this wilderness outpost that Jim Curwood turned out “The Mystery Man of Kim’s Bayou.” It was here, also, that he learned more of the real heart and soul of nature, as well as the new doors opened for him in his great worship and search for nature in all of her abundance and glory.

Upon his unexpected though welcome return to Owosso, Jim told many strange and weird tales about the wilds that he had surrounded himself with during the past month or so. Upon being pressed about the material he supposedly was gathering for the editor of Golden Days Magazine, Jim merely said that he was working on it and that it would be ready in a few days.

One day shortly after his return to Owosso, Jim made the acquaintance of another young man whose name was Bill, through whose association Jim became involved in another of his boyish pranks. This time, however, the prank developed into a scheme of downright dishonesty.

Somehow or other, the two boys decided to concoct a liquid which they called “The Infallible Blood Purifier.” Home-made and brewed without any actual scientific preparation or knowledge, this “stuff” was not only falsely-named but dangerous to drink, as they found out in due time.

Equipped with many bottles of their “Purifier,” the boys entrained on a barnstorming tour of the countryside, by horse-and-buggy, screaming their wares in the market-places of almost every city and village they came to. Most of their customers were farmers, and business was extremely good until, one by one, the farmers became ill. Complaints came thick and fast and the citizenry were up in arms against the boys. It was not long before Jim and Bill were being hunted from town to town by the sheriff, and it was only through sheer good fortune that they managed to elude the law.

It was while they were fleeing that Jim somehow recognized familiar territory and he suddenly realized that they had managed to come to his old farm in Ohio, where he had spent such glorious days with dear friends. The farm was now vacant and dreary, but it held memories for Jim that he would never forget. Inquiring as to his pal, Skinny, and his “Whistling” Jeanne, he found, to his sadness, that his pal had died and the girl had married and moved elsewhere.

So it was with a heavy heart that Jim returned to Owosso to take up once again where he had left off. He had had his fling, was much wiser in the ways of the world and was now ready to plunge seriously and finally into his life’s work.

## CHAPTER FIVE
COLLEGE DAYS

When Jim Curwood at last returned from his wanderings on the open roads and along the trails of adventure, he decided that he must have more schooling if he would attain the heights in literature that he so desired.

Jim was determined and he set to the task that he had outlined for himself. The first to suggest that he should go to college and study was Mrs. Janette. But similar advice came from his parents, Fred Janette and most of his friends. Realizing that this would take a great sum of money Jim began to seriously consider the possibilities.

Where would he ever get the necessary funds for even a year at Ann Arbor’s University of Michigan? Where, indeed, would he get the money for the remaining three years which were required for a degree?

For many weeks Jim thought about his problem. At last he reached the decision that he would earn just enough to take care of himself for the first year and let the other three years take care of themselves. He had not as yet completed his high school course at Central School, and the job of doing so was also of prime consideration, since a diploma was an essential requirement to entering a university.

Even as the century neared its end, Central School remained a combined grade and high school where students from six and seven mingled with boys and girls of seventeen and eighteen years of age. It was a beautiful school surrounded by trees and sat in the center of a large common wherein lay a wonderful playground. Despite the fact that it was a combined school of all grades it had everything to offer the children of that day. It remains very much the same today as it was almost fifty years ago.

Without choice Jim set to work doing anything in the line of odd-jobs. He beat carpets, mowed lawns and yards and raked leaves in the fall months. He also shoveled snow from neighbors’ walks and porches during the long, cold wintry months. He even scraped mortar from bricks at an old building that was being destroyed. Also, during the winter, he ran innumerable traplines and from these he managed to save quite a few dollars. He realized to the utmost that all of this was work, but since it was for “the cause” he did not mind. For Jim thoroughly enjoyed his trapping in the blustery winds of the cold, northern winters, and his shoveling of snow from sidewalks and porches. He enjoyed the scraping of mortar from bricks, the mowing of yards and the beating of carpets, for through this work he was coming nearer and nearer to his goal.

With the arrival of early fall, the time came when cord wood would have to be put up, and here again Jim proved himself efficient. Cord after cord of wood he cut up for neighbors and friends. For each cord he received ample payment. Then, when he learned that there was a shortage of firemen, Jim promptly signed up as a volunteer. All these jobs Jim picked up over a period of one year.

In early September of the fall of 1897 Jim went back to Central School, and it was not long before the faculty as well as his fellow students learned of his desire and determination to enter college, a desire which they regarded as being absurd and futile.

All this, however, only made Jim dig in all the harder and made him fight more gallantly against the odds that were pitting themselves against him. For the young man was absolutely determined to show them all up now. He felt that by actually attaining that for which he was striving, he would be showing them all just how small and insignificant they really were.

Adding injury to insult there came a blow to Jim’s dignity and pride that hurt and touched him deeply. For Professor Austin of Central School once asked him:

“How are you going to get into college, James, without a diploma—break in with a set of burglar’s tools?”

Throughout all those hectic schooldays Jim was constantly being urged by a great many people to give up his childish passion for writing, and turn to something that would prove itself more profitable and worthwhile in years to come. Since Jim was rapidly becoming quite an expert with a rifle, he was told that there was an excellent field in rifle matches which would bring him good money. Likewise the prospect of bagging big game was proposed as a means of earning considerable money. Fortunately for Jim none of these ideas appealed to him.

There was but one teacher in all of Central School who firmly was convinced of Jim Curwood’s future. Her name was Miss Boyce and her loveliness always made Jim’s heart beat faster. At that time she was a lovely young woman, not many years his senior and she possessed one of the most lovable characters that Jim had ever known. She was constantly urging him onward as only very few others in all of Owosso were doing. She even went so far as to arrange a schedule whereby she could have Jim alone and thereby instruct him privately. The private teaching took place in her own home and Jim was sincerely moved by her earnest interest in his career.

Throughout James Oliver Curwood’s short though illustrious and glorious life he often thought of the beautiful and kind Miss Boyce, and more than once he wrote her into his stories. It was through her that Jim learned that he might enter the university by taking special entrance examinations instead of the usual ones that other students would be required to take. From that moment on there was nothing on earth that could stop James Oliver Curwood. There was not an obstacle which he could not overcome in his climb to success. He was young and he realized fully that only God could keep him from realizing his ambitions.

“I was fully embarked on the project of becoming an author. Nothing but death could stop me.”

Summer arrived none too soon for Jim, and with its coming Central School was to see the last of its most ridiculed student. At last he was free. As soon as classes were out Jim sought out work and quickly found it. He clerked in a grocery store for several weeks, with the remainder of his summer being spent in the nearby forests that all but surround Owosso. He planned, he saved and he studied for those glorious days ahead of him. Actually he had been able to save the magnificent sum of One Hundred and Twenty Dollars, which also included the $5.00 received from the Gray Goose Magazine. He had never cashed the check.

At last came the fall of 1898, and Jim Curwood was ready for his trip to Ann Arbor and the University. There were no crowds at the station to bid him good bye and good luck. There were just his family, Fred Janette and his mother, Miss Boyce and a few others. Seemingly the friends of the family and even his own chums had very little confidence in his ability to succeed at the great institution of learning. In fact they all believed that within a very short time Jim Curwood would be back at home. But Jim’s family and his close friends had confidence in him and were firmly convinced that he would successfully pass his special entrance examinations. They were certain, however, that should he fail he would not return to Owosso for they knew of the confidence James Oliver Curwood had in himself at that youthful and momentous age of twenty. To fail would mean disgrace not only to Jim, but to his parents and friends, and they were sure that he would never come home until he had made something of himself.

With Jim when the train pulled out of Owosso were his lone suitcase carrying only absolute necessities, and of course his ever present typewriter.

It was a long, rough ride to Ann Arbor and throughout it all Jim wished that he were already there and had all of his connections made. Two weeks were still to elapse before taking his entrance examinations, but Jim had carefully planned his trip this way to enable him to have more time for study and to brush up on the necessary subjects.

It was at a Mrs. Gray’s that Jim decided to have his meals after he had arrived in Ann Arbor and had made inquiries. The prices were very reasonable and she served an excellent quality of food. In all there were fifteen college men who ate at Mrs. Gray’s, and each one took his turn at serving as cashier, waiter or dishwasher, thus receiving meals at far less than the usual prices.

Mrs. Gray treated Jim exceptionally well and almost instantly he felt as if he were at home. The food she served was plain, everyday food, but he paid little and still had all he wanted to eat. Jim Curwood soon learned that Mrs. Gray was respected and highly recommended.

It was here that Jim met Walter Parker, who later became the chief of staff of the Owosso Memorial Hospital, and Jim Greene, who became an Assistant Attorney General of the State of Michigan. Greene’s official capacity at Mrs. Gray’s was that of cash master.

After securing a place in which to eat his meals Jim went in search of a room, after spending the first night at Mrs. Gray’s house. The twenty year old did not have long to look for a place in which to lodge, for just a few blocks down the street he came across a room for just one dollar a week, which suited him well.

The first night in his new location he labored long into the dawning hours. He studied as he had never studied and crammed before. The passing of the examinations now meant more than anything had meant to him in all his life. It meant that in the event that he should pass he would be well on his way toward a successful literary career.

At last came the fateful morning on which he was to take his examinations. Jim left his little room on State Street and headed for the university. He wound his way through the heavily foliaged campus, past the library and onto the Central Stand itself. Then up long, winding stairs Jim made his way to the room where Professor Scott was awaiting his prospective students. At least a dozen other young men and women were taking the tests with Jim that morning and they were given two hours to complete them.

James Oliver Curwood At the Age of Seven

Street Scene, Owosso, Mich., June, 1940

The Shiawassee River (“Sparkling Waters”)

The James Oliver Curwood Castle Taken from Off John Street,
Owosso

The Boat Landing, Curwood Castle. On The Shiawassee River

Just James Oliver Curwood, more than a Million of
Whose Books are Owned by Enthusiastic Readers

Mr. and Mrs. James Oliver Curwood,
in Their Garden in Owosso, Mich.

Curwood, Camping in the Yukon

Curwood, the Writer, in a Corner of His Gun Room

Curwood Before the Cabin which he Built in the British
Columbia Mountains, and in which He Wrote “God’s Country”
and "The Trail to Happiness”

Curwood, The Woodsman, Preparing for a
Night in the Woods with Mrs. Curwood

An Unusual, Striking Picture of Curwood

The Curwood Outfit Going Down the Fraser River

The Cabin on the Au Sable (Old Curwood Cabin)

The Conservation Clubhouse, Six Miles North of Owosso.
Curwood donated several Thousand Dollars for Its Construction
and the Property Surrounding It

The Home of James Oliver Curwood at 508 William St.,
Owosso, Mich.

Curwood Grave in Oakhill Cemetery, Owosso, Mich.

The room was silent and still as pencils moved over the papers. As Jim pondered over them he began to feel a strange paralysis come over him. Even at that time he firmly believed with all his heart that none of the teachers at seemingly far off Owosso and Central School could have answered a single one of those almost terrifying questions. It was with a feeling that his scholastic grave was already dug that Jim ploughed into the series of questions. He tackled them with all the fury of a wild, untamed lion. But at the same time the long, silent wilderness trails beckoning toward Alaska and the great North came in a vision to him. Was this vision to prove to be one of those unexplainable destinies in his life? He wondered.

Young James Oliver Curwood, just slightly past twenty, sat many long minutes trying to answer the questions. Evidently Professor Scott must have noticed the sick look upon his face, for he came over to Jim and told him he need not hurry. He explained to the young man that he had plenty of time, that he would accomplish more if he proceeded slowly.

For the entire two hours and up until Professor Scott called the examination to a halt, Jim sat there writing as fast and accurately as his arm and brain would permit. He had been a little slow at first, but as time went on his memory seemed to return and he remembered more. When the allotted time was up he handed in a sheaf of papers that would lead one to believe that Jim Curwood had written a full length novel.

A few anxious and worried days went by before the big news came telling of the results of the examinations. Jim Curwood had passed the difficult examinations with “flying colors,” while over one-fourth of the others had failed. He was jubilant and overjoyed at his great success. Immediately he rushed off to the telegraph office to send back the news to all of Owosso.

James Oliver Curwood plunged deep into college life. Now, besides being a part of the university he was also a resident of Ann Arbor. It later became known that it was not only the studies that interested him but, strange as it may seem, being a resident of Ann Arbor gave him a soul-satisfying thrill, a thrill so great and real that for many years afterward Jim could never quite fully describe it.

The weeks that followed were filled with the usual pranks and escapades that come to all college students, and Jim was by no means an exception. Being a freshman was not an altogether happy affair, what with the periods of “hazing” and “paddling” and peeling of onions that became parts of his daily existence. But through all this Jim’s sense of humour never left him and, while he did not particularly enjoy these “persecutions,” his understanding of them made them easier to bear.

At last came the time for Jim to take notice of his financial standing. He had paid his tuition fees, purchased his books and all minor colleges fees had been taken care of. Even his room and board were paid up for the entire first semester. Still, Jim was running short of cash. So he set out in search of work. Any job that paid any wages at all was what Jim Curwood wanted and would take. Luckily there was a university employment agency on the campus and Jim lost no time in contacting it. For several days he practically haunted the agency and at last after a week of waiting he secured employment at a house that needed someone to tend the furnace and take out ashes after school hours. Though the compensation was little it helped Jim immensely to carry on his college work.

It was not long before a similar position presented itself, and this together with the first one, netted him the then magnificent sum of $6.00 weekly. Jim’s education, at least for the present, looked a little more secure.

As the first year at Ann Arbor was rapidly drawing to a close, the final examinations came up. Jim soon began the ever tiresome task of studying. The light in his room burned from early dusk until early in the morning. This was one time when he realized that he must burn the proverbial “midnight oil.”

After many long, hard hours of intense study, Jim managed to pass the examinations. His first year at the University of Michigan had been a success and he was quite proud.

## CHAPTER SIX
NEWSPAPER WORK AND EARLY WRITINGS

In September, following the completion of Jim Curwood’s freshman year at Ann Arbor, Professor Scott convinced him that there was an excellent opportunity in newspaper work in Ann Arbor.

So once more Jim began to write. He wrote stories he felt people would love to read—the type of stories that he loved to write. Jim wanted to write about nature, something which would appeal to the public in a big way, tales of adventure where the women were clean, pure and brave, and the men valiant and courageous.

From that time on stories of all types flowed from his pen and his typewriter. He wrote high grade adventure yarns which were slightly tinged with an air of romance. Jim even gave detective fiction a try but found that he was unsuited for it.

His stories were mailed to newspapers all over the middle west. Detroit, Bay City, Indianapolis, Toledo and many others were on his mailing list. At first they all came back with the usual rejection slips. Then out of a clear sky, checks began arriving. He sold a great many of his stories to Detroit newspapers and to various other city newspapers. His monthly earnings now began to total as much as seventy dollars and were never less than thirty dollars.

Jim’s ambition now was burning more fiercely than ever before. His desire to have millions of people read his stories became an obsession with him. His stay in Ann Arbor at the University was now assured. Henceforth Jim Curwood dropped all other college activities, for his writing and studies were taking all of his spare time.

The little room he occupied on State Street had now been turned into a regular beehive of activity. The throes of creative composition were swarming in his adventurous blood and write he must. Papers were strewn across the floor and completely covered the space all about his desk, the top of which was covered entirely with manuscripts, correspondence and tid-bits of notes. Jim was unceasingly racking his brain for new plots and new angles and different settings.

Detroit began buying more and more of his stories and it was all he could do to continue the steady output. He was producing stories of the great Canadian Northwest, stories that were so jammed with heart-stirring adventure that the newspapers to which he sold them were selling their papers by extra hundreds daily. James O. Curwood’s stories had selling appeal. People, as well as the editors, were beginning to wait impatiently for them. Jim was eternally grateful and thankful, in fact, more thankful than he had ever been before. He had been writing for the past twelve years and now at last some degree of success was coming to him.

It was during this terrific onslaught of writing fury that Jim strayed farther away from nature than ever before. He missed it terribly and yearned to get back to it. That urge was constantly burning within him, the same as was the desire to become a writer. Fortunately enough he was writing about the great open spaces, the deep, silent forests, and the many lakes and streams, and this allayed his longing somewhat. As often as possible, however, he would break away from his room long enough to take brief walks of an evening. Sometimes these walks would develop into strolls across the rolling ridges and hills and wanderings into the beautiful glens and forests that lay nearby. Atop these ridges on the outskirts of town he could look down upon Ann Arbor as it nestled among the many silently swaying trees. Even on cold, wintry nights he would sometimes climb to the tops of these ridges as the world lay asleep and look down upon the glimmering lights of the campus and town. Here he could see the lights twinkling and flickering through the light of steady downfalls of glittering, gleaming snow. Jim Curwood loved the falling of the snow. He loved it almost as much as he did the ever glorious arrival of spring.

All through the cold winter Jim worked feverously on his studies and on his writing. His mind and nerves were constantly on edge, so deep in his work was he engrossed. Still he turned out stories that eventually found a market and that was what he was searching for.

With the arrival of spring, Jim was still engaged in his free-lance newspaper work. But the proceeds of his writings were not yet sufficient to assure his staying on at the University, so he accepted a position offered by Professor Adams who had undertaken a huge railroad statistical job for the government and was in need of a few college men to assist him. Jim was to draw $75.00 per month, with room furnished. The job was to last all summer long. As this work was comparatively easy, consisting only of calculations, Jim enjoyed doing it.

When the fall term opened Jim returned to school with over $200.00 in his pockets. He now had sufficient funds to provide himself with a little relaxation and some luxuries. The year of 1900 was to prove one of the most enjoyable and changing periods in all his life.

Because he was now better off, financially, Jim decided to take larger quarters, so he rented a two-room apartment on Jefferson Street. Then he bought a new suit of clothes which materially changed his appearance. With a pipe and a mandolin, previously acquired, he became a typical “college man.”

“As a sophomore I devoted only a little attention to the incoming freshmen. The enthusiasm with which I had entered into under-class rivalries the preceding autumn had worn itself out, or rather, had been supplanted by my interest in newspaper work.”

What with his writing, his difficult studies and the planning of his work, Jim was truly as busy a man as there was on the whole of the campus. He spent his spare time, as little as there was of it, in strolls about the campus and the wooded sections on the outskirts of the city. Here he loved to walk along slowly and take in nature as it actually was. He loved to watch the birds flit from tree to tree, to see the chipmunks, the squirrels and the various other creatures of the wild in the throes of their work and play. They always appeared so industrious to him. But Jim Curwood did not watch them merely for the thrill of it all, but because he studied their every move. Here it was that Jim discovered that he cared for nature almost selfishly. At times it seemed as if he could not break away from his wanderings in the forests and along the lakes long enough to accomplish anything else. The birds, the trees and the rippling waters entranced the young man. The many squirrels and rabbits that infested the places that man did not go held constant fascination for him.

Jim watched nature and wildlife with gifted eyes. He would see creatures of God where no other human eyes could detect them. Jim Curwood was a staunch believer that everything on the face of the earth was an important item in the worldly scheme of things.

“If I did not believe a tree had a soul I could not believe in a God. If someone convinced me that the life in a flower or the heart in a bird were not as important in the final analysis as those same things in my own body I could no longer have faith in a hereafter.”

Those words seal the case of Jim Curwood’s love of nature and of all living things.

* * * *

The sophomore year at the University of Michigan came and went almost as fast as had his previous year as a freshman, with but one exception. Jim Curwood had begun to take a keen and glowing interest in the young women of the campus. Previously he had hardly looked at girls and at times hardly realized that there were such lovely creatures about him, save for his childhood sweetheart, “Whistling” Jeanne. Those memories of Jeanne Fisher, however, were not haunting him now, for the beautiful women of the University were taking her place. Jim began to notice their pretty dresses, their hair-do’s, and their feminine pulchritude. It was the glory of womanhood and all it stood for that made Jim happy. He began to realize more and more that womanhood was probably the most wonderful of all things on the earth. He began to glorify them in his stories as he had the creatures of the wild and all nature about him.

“Then I began to understand that no matter how successful a man may be, how much money he may amass, or how many honors he may acquire, his life is woefully incomplete unless a woman fully shares it with him. As the tired-eyed factor at Fond du Lac once said, while he stood beside the lonely grace under a huge spruce: ‘No country is God’s Country without a woman.’”

One afternoon early in the fall of the year, Jim was on one of his evening strolls down a byway along the very edge of the Huron River as it made its way out of Ann Arbor. It was during the course of this walk that Jim Curwood chanced upon one of the most beautiful creatures of womanhood that he had ever seen. About a mile down this path along the Huron from whence one turns off to follow the course of the river, Jim found her. The path was called then, as it still remains, “Schoolgirl Glen.” Jim had long come to consider this particular spot as his own, and upon discovering the intruder, beautiful as she was, he resented it somewhat. He had grown to love the bigness and glory of the solitude here. From this spot a man’s eyes could roam for countless miles and see nothing but the beauty and glory of nature.

As Jim came upon the young lady she turned about, smiled, and spoke to him. Then he smiled, too. Smiled as he had never smiled before. It was not as a matter of politeness that a smile came to his face then, but because he felt like smiling at that particular moment.

All about them were massive pines, spruces and willows and many varieties of shrubs and bushes. Jim later often referred to the spot as one of the most beautiful that he knew of.

At first he was backward and shy, but when his newly-found companion began talking about nature and the very things that Jim Curwood loved so well, almost immediately his backwardness vanished and he found himself in a veritable “Garden of Eden.” Jim could hardly believe that there could possibly be two people in the same world who viewed things so nearly alike.

For many hours they talked of the beauties of nature, of the wilderness and of their own love of wildlife. They spoke of what they thought should be done in order to preserve our natural resources. Jim found himself liking this new youthful companion who loved nature as he did. This meeting between the two was the beginning of a serious romance, which resulted in their marriage on January 15, 1900, exactly six months later.

From that time on Jim found that he had to work much harder than ever before in order to make ends meet. He drove himself in his story writing, hardly relaxing or letting up. Story after story and article after article he would grind out in an effort to make a decent living. In fact, Jim was all but driving himself to the very limit. When asked why he was working so hard, he would reply:

“Why not? I have something to work for now!”

About this time the Gray Goose Magazine began accepting Jim’s stories more regularly. Various other magazines, both slicks and pulps, began taking an interest in his work. What with all of his newspaper free-lancing and his magazine work, Jim was finally managing to make both of the proverbial ends meet.

At last when the school year ended and the glorious summer of 1900 began, Jim and his lovely wife began making new plans. So promptly and without much deliberation, they headed for the Big Marsh country. The call of adventure was strong in Jim’s blood once again. He was coming back to nature and the life he loved so dearly, only this time he was not alone.

The summer was wonderfully and educationally spent by just the two of them. They were constantly on the move as they journeyed from one beauteous spot to another, making sure they missed nothing. They were taking in all the wonderous sights that were available in the Big Marsh country. They loved the great open spaces where one could breathe clean, fresh air and where all the creatures of the wild were at home, playing, working and making ready for the coming of winter. That particular summer of 1900 was one of the most enjoyable that James Oliver Curwood had ever spent.

Once again September rolled around and with it went Jim Curwood to become a member of the junior class at the University. But Jim did not complete his junior year, for Pat Baker, a great newspaperman, wired Jim that he had a job for him and he should come to Detroit at once. So, with his wife and all their baggage, Jim withdrew from the University of Michigan and headed for Detroit ... “land of opportunity.” This move was to change the entire course of James Oliver Curwood’s life.

## CHAPTER SEVEN
WITH THE DETROIT NEWS-TRIBUNE

Detroit, the land of opportunity for Jim Curwood. This was the lone thought that raced through the young writer’s mind as the train sped toward the great city. In fact, that was the only thing he could think about. Here he would have the opportunity of writing for some 465,000 individuals every day.

Two days passed after their arrival in Detroit before Jim at last went to see Pat Baker. During that time Jim had once again sat down to another improvised desk, in newly-found quarters, and had begun two new stories. He was not actually writing them now, but only making general outlines which he carefully filed away for future use. Some of his work, however, was awaiting completion and these Jim promptly finished and mailed out to various magazine and newspaper publishers.

Jim’s meeting with Pat Baker was short and to the point. He was put on the pay-roll and assigned to work forthwith.

George Snow, editor of the Sunday edition of the News, asked Jim to write some “feature stuff” for him and Jim promptly complied. Snow complained, however, that Jim’s plots had been written and rewritten a thousand and one times. He wanted to give the readers something new, something with a snap in it. This peeved Jim a great deal and for four successive days he pouted and thought it over seriously. Then he came to the conclusion that if George Snow and Pat Baker wanted something different and unusual, they would most certainly get it.

Jim began wracking his brains for a story with an unusual angle and twist to it. Eventually such a story came to him, and he began receiving larger assignments from the Detroit News-Tribune.

From the very beginning of Jim’s newspaper career with the Detroit paper he had had to start out on small items of interest in order to learn the ropes. That procedure was as usual then as it is now on all newspapers of major importance. Despite the fact that it was one of the customs governing the publication of the News-Tribune, Jim Curwood disliked it very much when he found that he had to cover funerals, fires and auto accidents to start with. All of these were well handled and he received due credit for them. But all the praise and glory Pat Baker could heap upon his shoulders could not make Jim happy, for he was dissatisfied. He even had to handle “obits” and state deaths in the very beginning, and to a writer of any ability at all, this practically is an insult. However, Jim took it like a man and kept his chin high and went on.

Coincident with handling his newspaper work, Jim was writing his own stories and sending them out. He now was writing with the blood of a true adventurer surging through his veins ... he was inspired.

Perhaps the most disheartening factor of all was that Jim’s salary on the paper was only $8.00 a week. This was not nearly enough for two people to live on.

Fortunately enough, George Snow frequently asked Jim for a feature story for the Sunday edition. Payment for this, together with his regular salary, helped immensely.

Pat Baker assigned Jim early one morning to accompany Stewart, another reporter, into Canada, just across the river from Detroit, and cover a “hanging.” Jim went and covered the execution, but nearly fainted when the trap was sprung on the gallows. “To add insult to injury,” Baker then only used twenty lines of what Jim had written. All this led Jim Curwood to believe that he was not worth eight cents a week, let alone $8.00, as a reporter. But he finally got over the shock of the execution and the fact that only twenty lines of all he had written had been used, and went back to the steady grind.

Jim’s “big chance” finally came. He was ordered to watch police headquarters for “something big.” Here he would have an opportunity for a “scoop.” For days upon end he practically haunted the Detroit Police Headquarters. True enough, there were many stories that could have been written about the various arrests and charges, but that was not what Jim was looking for. He wanted something big. After several days had elapsed it came. When the story broke, he thought it had amazing possibilities, so he immediately wrote it up and shot it into the office. The entire staff handled it as if it was almost “too hot to handle.” George Snow, Pat Baker and all the so-called “big shots” patted the young reporter on the back and told him that he was really one of them now, that it was a job well done. Baker even went so far as to grant the raise in salary that Jim had so thoughtfully asked for. Jim now felt as if he were firmly established with the Detroit News-Tribune and he was indeed proud and happy. He was highly elated at his future possibilities and was feeling very confident of himself now. He was handling “Big Time” news. He was a real reporter of the first school.

The next morning, however, the “payoff” came. When Jim arrived at the office he discovered that there was a most unusual conference going on in Baker’s office. It was a conference of editors. Several minutes after Jim had sat down to his desk, the men in Baker’s office filed out and as they did so they all looked straight at Jim. Why were they all looking so hard at him, was the thought that entered his excited mind.

It seemed that everyone in the office was down on him, and to save his soul he could not figure out just why. All those stares were bothering Jim and interfering with his work. Upon asking for an explanation he discovered that he had not heard the culprit’s name correctly and it appeared in the newspaper as if one of Detroit’s most highly respected citizens had been “horsewhipped.” This, Jim slowly began to realize, was the beginning of the end for him and his newspaper career. He had made a mistake and he would have to pay for it.

That day Jim Curwood was fired from his job and all his back pay was withheld from him. It was all due to the fact that he had not checked a name in the city directory and thus it had appeared that one of Detroit’s most illustrious citizens had been the object of a common “horsewhipping.” It was the end of his short but eventful career with the News-Tribune. It was then that Jim Curwood found out just how hard it was to find work in Detroit in those days. Being undaunted, however, Jim kept right on with his writing and was determined that despite the losing of his job he wasn’t whipped yet. Unfortunately, Jim was able to sell very few of his stories and very soon both he and his wife began to look underfed and their clothing began to appear rather shabby.

At long last the struggling young author received another break of good fortune. He chanced upon Alfred Russell, then one of Michigan’s greatest lawyers, who promptly offered him a job with a pharmaceutical company. It was named the Parke-Davis Company and was located on Jefferson Avenue. Jim’s salary to begin with would be $50.00 per month and a chance for a raise if he worked hard enough and showed enough improvement. So Jim Curwood turned to making “pills.”

It was indeed most fortunate that the young man knew that this was not his type of work and he grew discontented with it on each passing day. Nevertheless, he had a wife to support and to make a living for the both of them. So he was making pills. He wanted to write, but this moulding of so-called medicine was constantly interfering.

It seemed to Jim that all his plans, his hopes and his aspirations, all his fondest dreams and optimistic outlooks on life had all come to an abrupt end. Would he have to go through life as a “pillmaker,” was a constant query in his active and alert mind. He shuddered at the thought.

One day, as he was hard at work, a fellow employee told Jim that there was a man living very near the company who claimed to be a baron, a man whose ancestry dated back several hundred years in the old country. Jim later found out that this man was actually working right there in the factory, as a common laborer. In those days it was great news to find one of noble heritage, let alone one who worked at common labor. So, Jim promptly made it a point to see and talk to the man, gain his well wishes and get his permission to have a story concerning him published. Jim carefully gathered the material he needed and at once wrote it up and mailed it to the Detroit News-Tribune.

Being quite capable of seeing far enough in front of their noses, the editors of the paper not only bought the story but put Jim back on the payroll. This time, however, it was on a much more important job, for Jim was made a special writer on the Sunday edition of the News-Tribune at a salary of $18.00 every week.

Besides the promotion, Jim now had his own private office, tastefully furnished, on the second floor of the older section of the building. Jim plunged joyfully into his new assignments. This was not a job for him; it was a labor of love.

In a comparatively short time Jim was turning out one and two-page features that were promptly published. He was now working seven days each week and many times he even worked late into the night.

Time was passing rather rapidly for Jim now and inside of two years after returning to the News-Tribune, his salary had been increased to $25.00. It was during this time that the first of Jim’s two daughters was born and there was not to be found a happier man on the face of the earth than James Oliver Curwood. He had a fine wife, he loved the work which he was doing, and he actually possessed a wonderful baby daughter named Carlotta.

Many things were now entering into Jim Curwood’s life and his writing output was also bothering him considerably. He was striving to do more than he had been doing in the past, but just how he was going to go about this he did not know. His time was more than just rationed and he had to use it sparingly.

Jim at last decided that he would do away with all of his pleasure-filled hours and devote what time he could at the office as well as those out of the office to purely creative work and nothing else. He would, furthermore, branch out farther and with more scope than he had ever imagined. So he began a series of slick-paper magazine stories and immediately sold the first one, “The Captain of the Christopher Duggan,” to the Munsey magazine. He was paid $75.00 for this story, the most he had ever received for any story before. Jim Curwood now thought seriously of quitting his newspaper work and devoting himself exclusively to his literary efforts. But when the News-Tribune raised his salary to $28.00, he decided to forego his dreams until a more propitious time. This decision probably saved the genius of James Oliver Curwood from certain disaster. For as yet he was not fully prepared to enter the great field of literature entirely upon his own, even though he did not realize it then.

At the News-Tribune Jim was under the constant tutelage of Annesley Burrowes, who saw to it that the young writer’s burning spark was never extinguished and that his imagination was always afire with creative efforts. Burrowes believed strongly in young James Curwood’s chances of rising to truly great heights in the field of newspaper writing and in the fictional world. Time has shown that Mr. Burrowes’ intuition was correct and accurate.

Shortly after Jim received his raise in salary, Mr. Burrowes resigned his post at the News-Tribune, due to an eye ailment, and with his going Jim took his place. He now was getting $30.

“I am sure that I only partly filled the position.”

This remark Jim Curwood made in his own modest manner.

Through the years beginning with 1902 up to and including 1905 the rapidly rising young author published quite a number of articles and short stories, among which were: “Pills,” which ran in Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly; another Munsey story, and Jim’s first juvenile serial was published in The American Boy. In 1905 Jim vacationed in the wilds, whereby he obtained the basis for a number of articles which appeared in Outing, Outlook, Woman’s Home Companion, Cosmopolitan, and others. It was also during this hectic period that Jim edited a banker’s publication which was called “Dollars and Sense.”

With the appearance of these numerous articles and fiction works, Hewitt Hanson Howland, editor of a magazine published by Bobbs-Merrill in Indianapolis, began to take notice of the rising writer’s works and asked him to do a series of articles on the Great Lakes for his magazine. Jim also was contributing nature sketches to Leslie’s Weekly. Of this group he published more than one hundred articles.

Having now been on the staff of special writers of the News-Tribune for three years, Jim Curwood was really beginning to feel like a veteran “news-hawk.” It was in his third year as a special writer that Jim’s wife presented him with his second daughter, who was named Viola. Now he was the father of two fine girls. Jim was gloriously happy, of that there was little doubt, but for some apparently unknown reason, his wife was not. Perhaps it was because he had excluded her from his real life.

With the birth of her second child Mrs. Curwood began to seem rather discontented and nervous. In fact she seemed dissatisfied with her life with Jim Curwood altogether. Why, Jim was never able fully to find out, except for the fact that the life of a writer was too confining for her. Had she stopped to realize that her husband was on his way to the top of the ladder and would eventually reach that goal, the marriage might have lasted.

Following his successful contacts with Munsey’s and other famous magazines, Jim was made one of the “bigshots” of the Detroit paper and served in that capacity until 1907. He had been writing continuously for fourteen years, sticking everlastingly to his chosen profession. He deserved success much more than the average writers of the time.

As fast as the so-called “big breaks” would come to Jim Curwood, he would turn out better articles and stories than ever before. With each successive sale it seemed certain that his writing actually was of a high order. Evidently scores of various publications thought as much, for Jim was receiving requests for his stories from papers and magazines throughout the United States and Canada. His work was in great demand at this time as it so continued to be for many years to pass.

In 1906 Jim Curwood began writing two novels. This was his very first attempt at book length work and though somewhat hesitant at first, Jim fought his way through valiantly. The first was entitled “The Wolf Hunters,” a tale of the Hudson Bay country, and the second one was “The Courage of Captain Plum.” The latter was an adventurous yarn of the Mormon settlements on Beaver Island in Lake Michigan.

Late in 1907, the year of Jim’s 29th birthday, he completed both “The Wolf Hunters” and “The Courage of Captain Plum,” and sent them both off to the Bobbs-Merrill Company in Indianapolis. Many anxious weeks passed during which time Jim waited with prayerful hopes as he continued his newspaper work. Then one day a letter came with the wonderful news that both his manuscripts had been accepted for publication, and that “The Courage of Captain Plum” was so well liked that he was being offered a contract for one book yearly for the next five years. Jim’s books were to sell for one dollar and a half of which he was to receive a ten per cent royalty. To say that the young man was jubilant and happy would be putting it mildly. Jim very nearly tore up the city room of the Detroit News-Tribune when he had read the letter from the Indianapolis publishers. Both books were published in 1908.

Now more than ever Jim Curwood realized how swell Pat Baker, George Snow and Annesley Burrowes, as well as the entire staff of the paper, had been to him in affording him the great opportunities that he had had. What they did for him were enshrined as memories deep within his tender, loving heart. For they had provided the chance for Jim to get his name before the reading public and thus enabled his works to be read.

Within a few days after receiving the notice that his two book-length manuscripts had been accepted, James Oliver Curwood handed in his resignation to the Detroit News-Tribune as assistant editor, and began to plan and devote his life wholly to literary work. Thus, the News-Tribune lost one of its finest writers. Jim was a natural born newspaperman and with his resignation the paper suffered a great loss.

Upon his leaving the Detroit paper, Jim wrote to his brother Ed, who still was in Ohio and invited him on a long vacation trip into the wilderness. Ed accepted and the two brothers enjoyed one of the grandest adventures of their lives in the country surrounding Hudson’s Bay.

## CHAPTER EIGHT
GOD’S COUNTRY

With the acceptance of his first two novels in 1907 Jim Curwood definitely proved that he knew what he was doing and that he was on the right road to success. Even then, as the young author received official word of the forthcoming publication of his first two works, he was drafting plans for the writing of three other pieces of fiction work. These were only the forerunners of many others which followed and which established James Oliver Curwood as one of the foremost authorities on the Canadian Northwest.

Jim’s first book, “The Wolf Hunters,” was somewhat of a juvenile story centering about the Hudson Bay wilds. Although starting it had been rather hard for him, Jim soon developed it into an easy task, and so, fired with still greater ambition, he wrote a second novel, “The Courage of Captain Plum.”

Writing book-length novels was new to Jim, but it was work which was both interesting and good. He was always out of bed by five in the morning and by six o’clock he could be found fast at work. Jim would write steadily until noon and many times long past noon. There were many occasions when his wife would have to call him several times before he would leave his desk, so engrossed was he in his writing.

For over a year he pounded his typewriter. He never rewrote any of his work, believing that once a story was written it could never be rewritten quite so good. Of course, he did take time to correct his grammar and punctuation, but that was as far as he went.

It was during this period of incessant writing that Jim’s home life began to suffer a severe blow, for he had been neglecting his family. Jim began to notice a great change in his wife.

Yet, while he felt that something was wrong in his household, it never dawned upon him that not only was he driving himself to the limit, but he also was driving his wife’s patience to the very end. For it was very little that she saw of him, and even when she was with him, it seemed as if his mind was always on the waiting typewriter and paper, and not upon her or their children. In two years the great blow fell. Early in 1908 the inevitable result came ... divorce.

Some time after the divorce had been granted, Jim remarked:

“As we grow older we all learn that it is better to let the dead past bury its dead in peace.”

After the acceptance and publication of his first two book-length novels by the Bobbs-Merrill Company Jim began the long drive for publicity that is so vitally important to an author. Realizing that in order to become famous he must get his name before the reading public, Jim induced more than one newspaper to print his success story. Perhaps the best one was that which appeared in the Detroit News-Tribune. Even the Argus, back in Owosso, gave him a great write-up, and Jim Curwood at last knew that he was really on his way to a colorful and glorious career.

Slowly but surely the little city of Owosso began to claim James Oliver Curwood as its own native son. In fact, the writer’s name was upon every tongue. Even those who at one time had felt that they were much too good to speak to Jim Curwood, now regarded him as a close friend. Even those who had never seen him boasted of having grown up together. Such talk as this was going on in and around Owosso and in other parts of the state. All were eager to make claim upon one whom they had once shunned and laughed at.

At long last Jim decided that he wanted and needed a vacation very badly, so he wired his brother Ed, down in Ohio, to come up and join him for a trip into the wilds.

Jim lost no time in getting ready, and soon the two brothers started on their long trek into the wilds of northern Canada. Traveling aboard the Grand Trunk railways, they received free transportation because Jim was well known by officials and was well liked.

The trip was to be a long one. They were headed for the Athabaska Landing territory and possibly farther up to the edge of the Great Slave country that abounds with all sorts of North American wildlife, which for the most part, roam about at will.

Jim and Ed took to canoes many times, thoroughly enjoying their fight in the roaring rapids of the swift, turbulent northern streams.

On their walks in the forests Jim stopped many times to listen to the sounds of wildlife all about them. High above in the towering pine trees came the ever welcomed songs of the birds. Over on a ridge could be heard the calls of foxes. Somewhere in the heart of the forests came the sounds of mink, the hoot of owls, and the roar of the grizzly bear.

J.C. WEBER

Along the banks of the roaring stream, the Marten, the mink and the weasel could be heard as they slipped down to the water’s edge for a drink of cooling water. All of these sounds and noises of the twilight and early nightfall James Oliver Curwood studied and loved. He loved nature and wildlife with a savage love, and hated those who dared to disrupt their silent, peaceful and happy abodes.

Jim Curwood fought for those animals throughout all his life and was even waging a valiant battle for them up until the time he died. Ed marvelled at his younger brother’s devotion for wildlife, and he, too, grew to love the wilderness and all it stood for with an undying love during the first trip of theirs together into “God’s Country.”

For three months the two brothers stayed away from civilization, taking in all the wonders of nature. Jim took countless photographs of wildlife during this trip, and these, together with others he took over a period of years he made into one of the largest and finest collections of its kind in the world.

With the publication of Jim’s first two books and the release of numerous articles and short stories in various magazines, all of which were based upon settings in Canada, the Canadian Government offered the now somewhat famous James Oliver Curwood the sum of $1800.00 a year with all his expenses if he would explore the distant wilds of the Dominion and use all he saw as a basis for material in his future writings.

This plan was primarily to induce tourists and vacationists into the picturesque provinces. It also was to be used in an effort to bring settlers into the wilderness to cultivate the soil and provide the citizens of the Dominion with an abundance of wheat and other fine crops. Jim was to write all he saw and was interested in for publication in any form he chose. Jim accepted the offer almost immediately. It was toward the latter part of 1908.

An exploration trip such as this had long been somewhat of a “far-fetched dream” of Jim’s, and now at last that dream was becoming a reality.

Plans were soon under way and he began conferring with government officials. The Canadian officials complied with Jim’s every request and within four short and eventful weeks, Jim Curwood was completely ready for his long journey into the wilderness.

Back in 1902, while employed at the News-Tribune in Detroit, Jim had become acquainted with M. V. MacInness. MacInness was then representing the Canadian Immigration Department in Detroit whose offices were located on Jefferson Avenue. He was affectionately known to all who knew him as just “Mac,” and Jim was one of his very best friends.

“He was rather portly and always in jovial humor. He never tired of painting vivid word pictures for me of his beloved Canada, more particularly the vast panorama of unexplored wilderness toward the north and west. His mind was filled with information concerning that magnificent expanse of territory and he never lost an opportunity to introduce me to important Canadians who came to his office. I met many Dominion immigration officials, members of Parliament, Hudson Bay Company officials, officers of the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific, members of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, and scores of others whose interests were in the vast areas of the Canadian Northland.”

J.C. WEBER

It was MacInness of the Canadian Government who now handed Jim Curwood the necessary papers for the trip into the northern wilds and at the same time wished him all the luck in the world. “Dear old Mac” passed away a short time after Jim returned from his trip. Jim always liked to speak of M. V. MacInness after his passing in a heart-felt, reverent voice.

“There has been an empty place in my heart since he died, and whenever I go up into that great Northland I know Mac’s spirit is there, for it was God’s Country to him just as surely as it always will be to me.”

At last, after all preparations had been made, Jim started out on the first of the many exploration trips which he was to make into the wilds of the Canadian Northwest in years to come. He went first to the vast, beautiful wilderness of the Peace River Country, over to the sweeping, towering mountains to the westward, then to the great reaches and solitary plains of the Arctic to the Athabaska and the Mackenzie. From there he traveled down to the uninhabited forests and timberlands about the mighty Hudson’s Bay. These forests later became a ruling passion and a dominant force in Jim’s life. He wanted “the uneducated people of civilization” to love them just as he loved them. Upon his return he pleaded with the populace to conserve and protect the virgin forests and all the wild life that inhabited them.

“It is my ambition to take my readers with me into the heart of nature,” Jim Curwood once said and there is little doubt but that he did. Indeed, Jim took more than seven million of his readers into the heart of that nature and wilderness. This same devout love he held for the “great outdoors” later led Jim to start the great conservation movement in the State of Michigan. He led the onslaught against the “game hogs” unmercifully, broadening his crusade throughout the country.

It was during these trips into the wilds of Canada that he decided to make his home in Owosso. So in the little town in central Michigan where he had been born and raised Jim finally settled down. His father had quit the cobbling shop and Jim supported him, as he had faithfully promised.

Within three weeks after his return to Owosso, Lou Allison invited Jim Curwood to a chicken-pie supper which was to be held at the Congregational Church. Here he met a very charming and beautiful young lady named Ethel Greenwood. Jim did not recognize her at first, but at a later date remembered her as being in school at the same time he was, two or three grades below him. He especially remembered her sparkling eyes, and he found that they had not changed with the passing of years. Jim always liked to think of her as the little schoolgirl of several years back. Those sparkling eyes made a great impression upon him at once. Later on during the church supper Jim and Miss Greenwood found themselves alone.

As they talked, Miss Greenwood told Jim that she had read of his expeditions into the far North and she appeared to be genuinely interested in his travels and in his work. It was then that he decided that he should become better acquainted with the young lady. As time passed by Jim Curwood found himself thinking a lot of this new and very interesting personality. As a matter of fact he was beginning to believe that she would make an ideal companion for him on the many trails of the wild on which he planned to travel. Her eyes were like shining stars that sparkled both day and night, and her personality was pleasing.

Then it dawned upon the thirty-three year old writer that he must be falling madly in love with Miss Greenwood. Of this he was convinced after meeting her again. Their interests were mutual. She too loved the wilderness country and all of God’s wonderful Nature. She loved to hear the murmurs of the streams, the chirping of the birds and the chattering of the squirrels just as he did. This interest which she expressed and showed in his work set Jim Curwood to thinking very seriously.

It was not very long before Jim and Ethel Greenwood were married. The ceremony took place in the old home on John Street, at six o’clock in the morning. It was quiet and simple. By seven of the same morning the bride and groom were on board a train headed for the wilderness and God’s Country.

Jim and his wife were as happy as any couple could ever hope to be. Together they fought and loved the wilds. Side by side they worked and built their cabin deep within the heart of the forests surrounding Hudson’s Bay. That autumn Jim began cutting his supply of wood for the winter and storing up provisions. Even though they worked hard in preparation for the long, hard and cold winter, they were gloriously happy.

Fall soon came and with it the turning of the leaves, the strangely different sounds of the rivers and the mating calls of the wild. Still Jim Curwood worked frantically for the oncoming of winter, for he knew what winters in the north were like, and he did not intend being caught shorthanded. Cord-wood was cut and still more provisions were added to their mounting larder. The cabin was made more secure and warm. The cold months were but a short way off, for the leaves were rapidly beginning to fall.

Already the bears had gone into hibernation. The chattering squirrels were providing themselves with their winter’s supply of nuts and the birds had all returned to the south with the exception of the few families which always remained behind.

It was during this long winter that Jim began work on his third novel, “Steele of the Royal Mounted.” What with his regular routine work and with his writing added, James Oliver Curwood had a rather full and busy winter. His writing took nearly three quarters of his day. The rest of the time was given over to his wife, some reading and other activities.

“I had found a wife who was proud of the work by which I earned my living, who looked fearlessly into the future with me, splendidly caring for my little daughters; a mother who later gave me my son, James, the last blessing to our family, now almost ready to go to college.” Indeed he was happy and content.

As the snows blew and the winds howled about the tiny cabin far off in the Canadian wilds, Jim’s log fire would burn cheerfully as he and his wife would sit in front of it and read or talk. Darkness would arrive around three in the afternoon and sometimes before that.

Jim Curwood continued work on his new novel up until the beginning of spring. It was then that he proudly announced to his wife that “Steele of the Royal Mounted” was completed. Not only was he happy over the completion of the book, but because of his wife’s happiness. He was happy, also, over the joy and love Ethel had for his two daughters. She cared for them and loved them just as if they were of her own flesh and blood. They were a part of Jim and that in itself explains her new-found happiness. Jim once said that the winter spent in the cabin around Hudson’s Bay was one of the most supreme winters of their lives.

J.C. WEBER

Spring was at last upon them, and the buds were beginning to pop out on the trees. Green patches of grass were beginning to show here and there. Bushes were already taking on their various colors and some of the animals and creatures of the natural and untouched country had come out of hibernation.

Towards the close of spring Jim and Ethel returned to Owosso. Here Jim definitely established himself at home. He built a large, fine house, a brick structure of two stories. This house still stands. Surrounding it on all four sides is a large and spacious yard that extends for many yards around the mansion. Thousands of dollars went into its construction and today the house remains as it was years ago, except that its beauty has increased.

Jim Curwood did not remain in Owosso as long as he had expected. For he now had the money to travel to and from his beloved wilderness at his own choosing. Jim went back into the forests and wilds at least once a year, often spending five to six months at a time. Usually Mrs. Curwood accompanied him, but on a few of his exploration and writing trips, she did not go. Each year when he returned to upper Canada, he went back with all the happiness and love one man can possibly have for any one particular spot.

Perhaps there is one basic reason why Jim built the fine home in Owosso just where he did. It has been established that on the spot where his home is located, one of the large camps of the Chippawayan Indians once stood.

In 1909 Ethel Greenwood Curwood bore her first child for Jim, a son. The youngster was named James Oliver Curwood II. With the arrival of his baby son, Jim Curwood became the proudest father in the entire city of Owosso. For now he had a son to carry on his name, a son who would prove himself a great man and who would follow in his father’s footsteps. James Oliver Curwood II was the only child Mrs. Curwood bore.

As soon as the baby had grown somewhat the family began to spend a great many months far from civilization in the timber country. The two girls and the baby boy were growing quite rapidly and becoming very healthy by their constant play and travel in the fresh, cool air.

Ethel and the children grew to love the strange and unusual people, the “Nomads of the North” who were their only friends away from civilization. Of course Jim had loved them for many years, but he wanted his wife and their offspring to regard them in much the same manner as he did.

Hundreds of miles from civilization the Curwood family would bury themselves in God’s Country. James Oliver Curwood’s feet have trod many unknown trails throughout the north. The stars, the heavens and the virgin forests came to be a living part of all of them. All the things which Jim had dreamed of as a boy were at last coming true.

Jim had roamed through the boundless prairies, the highest mountains, fought his way through deep Canadian snows and sub-zero temperatures all along the northern plains. He was now enjoying himself more than he ever dared dream.

James Oliver Curwood actually lived each story that he wrote.

He began to realize that the long and arduous struggle that he had had to go through to reach success had been worth it. He had fought and battled as few other men ever have in order to reach that pinnacle of success and fame that he desired. Fortunately enough, Jim was possessed of the spirit of everlasting perseverance.

About this time came the release of “Steele of the Royal Mounted.” At the outset its sales were rather disappointing as were the sales of “The Wolf Hunters.” Eventually, however, after the slow progress that his books had been making, they began to sell and sell fast. In fact his first three books sold as few others had ever sold before. Up to that year, 1911, James Oliver Curwood had three novels and one book of non-fiction to his credit: “The Wolf Hunters,” “The Courage of Captain Plum,” the book of non-fiction, “The Great Lakes,” and the sequel to “The Wolf Hunters,” “The Gold Hunters.” “The Danger Trail” was the last of Jim’s books for the year 1910. In 1911 Jim published two more works of fiction, namely: “Steele of the Royal Mounted” and “The Honor of the Big Snows.” Realizing that he now had a firm foothold on the ladder of success, Jim Curwood was prompted to write something of non-fiction that would fully express himself and his beliefs.

At last came that opportunity in the volume “God’s Country—The Trail to Happiness.” This book is the strangest that Curwood ever produced and one of the most wonderful messages of hope ever addressed to mankind. It was a rather small volume and the price was far below the usual price of Curwood books. “God’s Country—The Trail to Happiness” sold for $1.25.

“Philip Steele of the Royal Mounted” had, of course, been released in 1910, along with “The Honor of the Big Snows,” which was written the same year. This made a total of two novels and one volume of non-fiction for 1911, which was indeed a great output of words for that length of time. In 1912 Jim Curwood’s output was limited to one novel. This one was entitled, “The Flower of the North,” a saga of the wilderness country that was chock full of red-blooded adventure and romance. 1913 saw the arrival of another novel, “Isobel.” In 1914 Curwood wrote probably the greatest work of his entire career. That was when he turned out “Kazan,” which sold 500,000 copies. This story ranks with “The Call of the Wild,” and “White Fang,” by the famous Jack London. “Kazan” is the story of a wolf dog of the far north. The dog is three-quarters husky and one-quarter wolf strain. Kazan is torn between his wild mate and the man whom he loves most dearly. The story is so excellently woven about the dog and so wonderfully told that many thousands of people have reread it many times.

Although some of the so-called critics did not give this particular book as high a rating as Jack London’s “The Call of the Wild,” it is the belief of millions that “Kazan” is equally as good and as thrilling as Mr. London’s famous book.

After the publication of “Kazan” Jim and his family headed back to the north country. This time, however, they did not go back to the old cabin, but to a new one that Jim had built in the British Columbia mountains some months before. Here among the picturesque mountains of towering spruce and pine, James Oliver Curwood penned “God’s Country and the Woman,” a story so well written that it immediately sold better than one hundred thousand copies. The woman in the story was none other than his own dear wife, Ethel. Jim once said that he loved this country devoutly, but it was not God’s Country unless there was a woman. “No country is God’s Country without a woman.” This was in 1915.

The United States had already declared war on Germany when Jim completed “God’s Country and the Woman.” So he immediately returned to Owosso with his family to see if he could help his country. A great deal of time passed before Jim was eventually assigned to anything. Then, in 1917-1918 he was officially designated as a World War Correspondent. During the time he received this information and the time that he was to have sailed, something intervened and Jim did not get a chance to go to France. The government felt that since he had three children Mr. Curwood should remain behind. He was given an assignment to do propaganda. He wanted to go along with the rest of the boys and help protect our country’s liberty and freedom. Instead, however, he was forced to remain behind, and from his magazine articles flowed many words of truth and wisdom during those hectic months of war. Jim termed the war “the thrill of man killing man.”

In another article came this statement: “The momentary pangs of the war could be compensated for in time by the benefits it would confer spiritually.” During the course of the war, however, Jim not only penned magazine articles, but he also turned out such novels of major rank as “The Hunted Woman,” in 1916, and the sequel to “Kazan,” “Baree, Son of Kazan,” which was published in 1917.

After the world’s first great tragedy, Jim’s books began selling faster than they had before the war. Still, despite the fast sales of his books, some critics were very harsh toward him.

In 1910, James Oliver Curwood made one great mistake of his life. He started playing the stock market. Jim invested a sizeable sum of money and immediately realized a profit of over $100.00. This encouraged him to further speculation, and in a short space of time he lost all his savings.

Now there remained but one thing for him to do. So, with his wife, Jim left for the wilderness once again. From his countless number of friends Jim borrowed the necessary money for expenses.

This time, the Curwoods went deeper into the wilds of upper Canada than they had ever gone before, and buried themselves completely away from civilization. Here Jim Curwood picked up his implement of trade and commenced writing another one of his famous novels. He had no idea of what he was going to write, except that he had to write something which would sell.

Buried deep in the beautiful wilderness of the Canadian Northwest, where lakes and streams run deep and the forests are thick and quiet, from Jim’s pen came the wonderful, romantic adventure story of “The Honor of the Big Snows,” the story of little Melisse and Jan Thoreau, a book which was, in time, hailed as another great Curwood masterpiece. Again Jim had money and again with the arrival of spring, Jim and Ethel left the wilderness and headed back to civilization. He was cured of gambling.

Shortly before the release of “The Honor of the Big Snows,” Jim’s contract with the Bobbs-Merrill Company expired. Immediately, Harper and Brothers brought out his works which included “Flower of the North,” published in 1912.

After some time with Harper, Jim Curwood began to grow desperate and returned to Bobbs-Merrill. Upon renewing partnership with the Indianapolis firm, “Kazan” appeared. He had taken this fine story to Bobbs-Merrill hoping that it would become as popular and famous as “The Call of the Wild.” However, the critics denied Jim this honor in their many reviews of “Kazan.” Despite the reviews the book later sold in great quantities, particularly in England and later in the cheaper American editions.

“By the time ‘Kazan’ was written I had made five trips into the wilderness about Hudson Bay. Thrice had I gone into the Arctic and spent a winter with the Esquimaux. I had crossed the great Barrens four times and explored the unknown regions of British Columbia and the Yukon country.”

Regardless of the critics’ adverse criticism, “Kazan” enjoyed an immense sale, and continued to do so for many years afterward. This book is rated by all Curwood admirers as one of his best, regardless of the opinion of the literary critics. The partnership with Bobbs-Merrill continued until the latter part of 1914, when Jim left to join Doubleday, Page and Company of New York City (now Doubleday, Doran and Company).

Jim’s first book under the new imprint was “God’s Country and the Woman.”

It seemed at that time that James Oliver Curwood had reached his prime and the top rung of the ladder of success. Immediately after the publication of “God’s Country and the Woman,” Jim wrote “The Hunted Woman,” in 1916, and a year later the grand animal story, “The Grizzly King.” The latter was the story of Thor, one of the largest grizzlies ever known to mankind in all the wilds of British Columbia. Over 300,000 out of all the millions of Curwood fans chose “The Grizzly King” as Jim’s outstanding book on wildlife and nature. Also, in the same year Jim wrote the sequel to “Kazan,” “Baree, Son of Kazan.” This novel of wilderness dogs did not quite reach the high standard that “Kazan” did, but it was excellently written and vividly told.

All sales on his books, which now totaled fifteen, were slowly but surely increasing. It was during these years that James Oliver Curwood came to fully understand that peace, love, health and faith may be found in the presence of Nature and of God’s lowly creatures. He began to realize more than ever how small and insignificant we human beings are as compared to the mighty nature that surrounds us. In James Oliver Curwood’s last work he brought out the latter fact....

“I have often wished that some power might rise to show us how little and insignificant we are. Only then, I think, could the thorns and brambles be taken from the paths to that peace and contentment which we would find if we were not blinded by our own importance. We are the supreme egotists and monopolists of creation. Our conceit and self-importance are at times blasphemous. We are human peacocks, puffed up, inflated, hushed in the conviction that everything in the universe is made for us. We look down in supercilious lordship on all other life in creation.”

Jim Curwood came to know that a dead stump of a tree still has life and a soul. He voiced his opinion many times on that.

“If I did not believe a tree had a soul I could not believe in a God. If someone convinced me that the life in a flower or the heart in a bird were not as important in the final analysis as these same things in my own body I would no longer have faith in a hereafter.”

This thought was reflected somewhat in his following book, “The Courage of Marge O’Doone,” released in 1918.

Only two more of James Oliver Curwood’s books were to be handled by Doubleday, Page and Company. These were “The Golden Snare” and “Nomads of the North.” The latter novel of animal life Jim Curwood thoroughly enjoyed writing much more than any of his novels depicting North American wildlife. “The Golden Snare” was made into a motion picture of the silent film days with Lewis Stone playing the lead role. “Nomads of the North” was the last of the James Oliver Curwood books to appear from the presses of Doubleday, Page and Company, for in that year of 1919 a greater opportunity presented itself for the much wider distribution of Jim’s novels. So he parted from his good friends at Garden City with deep regret in his heart and he always cherished the memory of their association.

Jim Curwood left the Doubleday organization and went to the Cosmopolitan Book Corporation in 1919. The first book written by the diverse hand of James Oliver Curwood for that firm was, without a doubt, his greatest and finest work. “The River’s End” was the first of his novels that sold more than one hundred thousand copies of the first edition. Modern advertising arrangements ran up the advance sales on this book alone to one hundred thousand copies. It later sold while it was still new to the reading public, and the first edition had been exhausted to over three hundred thousand. Since the time of its publication, twenty-four years ago, “The River’s End” has sold many hundreds of thousands of copies, and many new editions have had to be printed. Sergeant Derwent Conniston and John Keith, the two principal characters of “The River’s End,” have now become immortal, as has the entire story. Many motion picture adaptations of it have been shown. The latest version was filmed and released in 1941, with Dennis Morgan in the starring role of Sergeant Conniston.

Very quickly after the release of “The River’s End” came “The Valley of Silent Men” in 1920. The advance sale on “The Valley of Silent Men” ran to better than 105,000 copies. Today more than five million people have read this famous work of fiction. It is the story of the Three River Country long before the railroads came. Jim traveled more than three thousand miles down the mighty Saskatchewan before he wrote the great novel, “The River’s End.” If he had not gone with the “Wild River Brigades” of God’s Country down those fabled streams that flow north, the millions of readers who enjoyed James Oliver Curwood’s writings, and those who still enjoy them today, would never have had the opportunity of reading the powerful novel, “The Valley of Silent Men.” Jim Curwood always lived the stories he wrote.

In all of Curwood’s stories he portrayed great souls and strong men who wage their battles of life, death and love in the open spaces. There is little wonder why he had the great and loyal following that he at one time possessed and still retains today. He was truly a master in his particular field.

The sales on “The Valley of Silent Men” grew into much larger numbers than the book, “The River’s End,” as far as advance sales were concerned. The totals on the advance sale of “The Valley of Silent Men” were 105,000 copies, and “The River’s End” ran up to 100,000. These two stirring dramas of the Canadian Northwest alone brought out the true genius of James Oliver Curwood. At long last the world was beginning to sit up and take notice. The flowering genius of Jim Curwood was at last beginning to bloom. Owosso townspeople were claiming him now more than ever before as their native son. Not only they, but thousands upon thousands of others were hailing James Oliver Curwood as the greatest writer to appear on the literary horizon since the days of Charles Dickens and Anton Tchekov.

Shortly following the release of “The Valley of Silent Men,” Jim again headed into the land of tall timber. During this stay in the backwoods Jim worked on various jobs. He did a share of sledge driving for he delighted in seeing the wonderful huskies and malamutes of the big snows work. He also studied at great length the characters of the people of the far North.

Six months later Jim returned to his home town and with him came a series of short stories that he had written during his stay in the beautiful northwest. These were now edited and compiled into the volume of short stories published by the Cosmopolitan Book Corporation under the title of “Back to God’s Country.” This was in 1920.

Many of the stories which appeared in this collection were actually lived and experienced by Jim Curwood in those six months back in the “far-reaches.” Among them were: “The Mouse,” “Peter God,” “The Honor of Her People,” “The Strength of Men,” and “His First Penitent.” “The Honor of the Big Snows,” Jim’s novel of little Melesse and Jan, originated from the short story, “The Honor of Her People.” Many of these stories appeared in such publications as Good Housekeeping, Outing, American Magazine, and many others.

The title story, “Back to God’s Country,” was later filmed and made into a great motion picture. With the arrival of this collection of short stories on the market, it was immediately hailed and heralded as one of the finest collections of short stories of its type ever published.

In 1921, sixteen years after Jim Curwood started out on his prolific writing career, came still two more exciting and well-written novels of rugged adventure: “The Golden Snare” and “The Flaming Forest.” The latter was praised highly for it was a magnificent story, a story so well told that it sold nearly 100,000 copies before it was actually released, thus nearly putting it on an equal with “The Valley of Silent Men” and “The River’s End.”

“Teddy” Roosevelt praised “The Flaming Forest” with these words:

“I have read with great interest Mr. Curwood’s book, ‘The Flaming Forest.’ It is excellent. It is good, clean adventure in the open spaces.”

“The Flaming Forest” was the third and last of Jim’s tense novels about the Three River Country. The first two had sold better than 100,000 copies in the advance sale. This would have been flattery to the majority of authors, but to Jim Curwood, who lived in the vivid and exciting northwoods life of which he wrote, it was just a fighting challenge.

The advertisement of Jim Curwood’s book, “The Country Beyond,” read something like this:

“2,000,000 people have bought his books. He is no one book author. Every one of his novels has outsold its predecessors.”

With the publication of “The Country Beyond” Jim Curwood had reached his 44th birthday and was still considered young in his profession. His books themselves contained youth and what it stood for and fought valiantly for. People rushed to the bookstores when they learned a new James Oliver Curwood novel was coming off the presses. They actually went in droves to get a single copy of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th editions. Incidentally, most of his books ran into more than five editions, for many printings had to be made in order to supply the great demand for his writings, and printings still continue to be made to this day.

Three months elapsed before the ever prolific pen of James Oliver Curwood brought forth another first-rate novel entitled “The Golden Snare.” Although “The Golden Snare” did not enjoy the major sales of his other works, it still was listed among the “best sellers” of its day.

In the little volume “God’s Country—The Trail to Happiness,” James Oliver Curwood did a magnificent job of non-fiction. In this book Jim tells of his conversion from a “killer of wildlife,” to “a savior of wildlife.” He openly confesses his sins about his former treatment of the wild creatures that roam our forests, as no other man of his fame, ability or popularity has ever done before or probably ever will do again.

“God’s Country—The Trail to Happiness” is a series of four essays, none of which was written to please those people who believe that the organized church is an institution of importance in our national life in every respect. The four essays were entitled: “My Secret of Happiness,” “I Became a Killer,” “My Brotherhood,” and “The Road of Faith.” The little book by itself is nothing else save a summary of the religion of a nature loving and God fearing man. It has often been called the strangest thing James Oliver Curwood ever wrote and at the same time a most wonderful message to all mankind. At the age of 44, James Oliver Curwood was already at his goal, for he had to his credit a total of twenty novels and two works of non-fiction, fourteen of which were on the “best seller” lists, with the remainder selling much better than the average fiction book.

Early in 1922, Jim constructed his town studio which he named Curwood Castle, because it was an exact replica of the old Norman fortress. The Castle itself stands on the edge of the Shiawassee river and within twenty feet of the old home just off John Street. Frequently Jim was prompted to burn the old home place, or else tear it down and add those grounds to the ones of the Castle. But because there were too many memories embedded within the walls of the old house Jim was reluctant to destroy it.

The Castle is surrounded on three of its four sides by a great sweeping expanse of beautiful green lawns, which are kept beautifully trimmed and immaculately clean. At the front, leading in from John street, is a long, winding concrete walk which leads to the only entrance to Curwood Castle. No one is allowed inside the studio at all. It is kept up and maintained by Mrs. Curwood and once each week a housekeeper thoroughly cleans the studio from top to bottom.

Overlooking the Shiawassee is the tower study which James Oliver Curwood loved so well. It is the room and study from whence many of his writings were created. The tower study has windows extending around it in circular fashion and from all directions Jim could look out upon the peaceful little town of Owosso and the lazy sweeping river. Down the river, a short distance from the Castle, lies a small island. Here the tall, weeping willows gently bend their heads down to the water’s edge and sway in the gentle breeze. Here the birds of a thousand different varieties gather and sing. This was one of the spots which Jim was entirely devoted to.

In the old home next to the Castle remain all those wonderful Curwood memories of not so long ago. There stands the second-hand Caligraph typewriter and improvised desk his parents provided for Jim when he was yet only a budding author. In his room the walls still hold the old magazine and newspaper pictures that Jim had cut out as a boy and had pasted and pinned up.

Long after Curwood Castle had been constructed and in use, Jim Curwood used to go back to the old bedroom-study to finish many of his articles and stories. Here he recaptured the inspiration that drove him onward when he felt that he was going stale. But James Oliver Curwood never went stale in his writing, for he kept constantly at it both day and night and led a full and happy life.

Many, many times Jim would leave his town studio in Owosso for his northern Michigan studio along the banks of the Au Sable, where it is quiet and peaceful. Jim’s northern studio, in the thick forests of northern Michigan, was built as a hunting lodge far away from mankind and the noises of the city. It was indeed a beautiful spot.

Not very far from the only entrance to the Castle there stands a large, stately tree. It was under this masterpiece of nature that James Oliver Curwood once sat and talked by the hours with his many friends. Here beneath this old oak Jim used to sit with prospectors from the wilds of Alaska and northern Canada who had come to visit him.

Jim would carefully listen to these men of the north and have enough material to weave a wonderful adventure story. Time and again he would invite the swarthy, weatherbeaten men of the gold fields down to spend days and weeks with him so that they might spin yarns for him and thus provide him with material for future stories. It was not only that he wanted stories from them, but he also wanted to see their faces again and hear them talk.

Many were the nights when several of them would gather at the Castle after a long journey and sit before a great open fire, swapping yarns and smoking huge cigars and strong pipes. All this Jim Curwood enjoyed to the fullest extent. He loved to have his old friends around him.

Many residents of Owosso and of other parts of the country have told that regardless of how famous James Oliver Curwood ever grew to be, he always remained “Jim” to everyone. He might be walking down the street or be riding in an automobile and still he would throw up his hand to those people he knew and even speak to those who were strangers. He considered everyone a human being and felt that all men and women should act as “brother humans,” and not try to appear superior. Jim’s usual reply to anyone who spoke to him was this:

“Hello, there, Bill! What’s new?”

James Oliver Curwood, the famous man that he was, loved his home town of Owosso with an undying love. It had persecuted him, laughed at him, scorned him, but still he loved it. Of Owosso he would say to his friends in New York:

“Come out and see, I think it is the nicest place in the world. I was born there and I hope to die there. Of course my love for it does not make me blind to its defects. We have our poor, pathetic smart set, our misguided flappers and a wee bit of the salt and pepper of life ... and we make coffins for half the world. I tell you these things because it would take too long to tell you all the good things about my home town. I think the nicest thing is that we’re not afraid to let the geese go barefoot around about where we live. Come out and see.”

A good many people have done that very thing and many who came to see have remained behind and have made their homes in Owosso or nearby. Such is Owosso, the town where James Oliver Curwood was born and died—one of the nicest, most beautiful little towns to be found anywhere on the North American continent. There is no wonder Jim loved it as he did.

Today the lodge that once belonged to Jim is no more in Curwood hands. In the fall of 1939 Mrs. Curwood sold it to a buyer who wanted it very much. Fortunately enough it was sold to a great lover of James Oliver Curwood stories as well as a great admirer of Jim himself—a man who promised to keep it as it always was.

Today in Owosso, at 508 Williams Street, stands the home of Mr. and Mrs. James Oliver Curwood, where Mrs. Curwood still resides. The house is a very large, majestically built domicile standing on the very spot on which the former tribes of the Chippawayan Indians camped. Jim chose this site for that reason alone. The home could more readily be called a mansion, it is so large and beautiful, with spacious gardens surrounding it. It is just a few hundred yards from Curwood Castle.

Jim Curwood was without much doubt the greatest and foremost naturalist of his time. He loved nature so sincerely and lived in such intimate communion with it, that, as he once put it so naively:

“I have become a bit estranged from a large part of the rest of humanity.”

Any and all times are good times to seek nature in all of her wondrous glory, and that was precisely what he believed.

Jim Curwood believed that even a twig from off a tree, or a blade of grass have souls. Souls that are every bit as important as the vital organs and souls of human beings.

James Oliver Curwood’s God was nature. The same nature that he so wonderfully preaches about in all his writings. He vividly tells of nature, the reasons, the idea of nature and just why we must protect and conserve it. Jim’s books and writings go straight to the hearts of his readers for he was a common man even when his fame had been assured. His readers knew that. Everyone knew him as Jim ... just Jim.

One of his common hobbies was raising radishes and onions. Jim once said concerning these two vegetables that he delighted in raising:

“I can beat anyone in Shiawassee county raising onions. I mean green onions, the kind you eat with bread and butter.”

Even about his own home somewhere in the back Jim always had an onion patch along with some fine and assorted radishes. He loved to work in the rich, black earth.

No matter where Jim might happen to be, whether on the stream in a birchbark canoe, in the forest, or in his studios or gardens, his mind was constantly upon the subject of nature. In fact Jim devoted much of his life to the helping of nature and the consistent fighting of “game hogs.”

True enough, Jim Curwood did not know all the scientific names for the trees, toads, shrubs and so forth, but he could tell you all about them; all about their life from birth to death. Jim practically knew the day a certain plant or flower would die, so intent had been his study.

## CHAPTER NINE
HIS BROTHERHOOD

After long years of successfully hunting and selfishly killing game, James Oliver Curwood had at last ceased, and suddenly launched a campaign by which he hoped to stop “game hogs” from taking wild life from the forests.

This campaign was also an attempt to stop “ordinary hunters for the time being, until the game had ample time to replenish itself.” He founded the first conservation movement in the state of Michigan and remained as its head for several years.

Jim pleaded through his books and his articles for the public to stop the slaughtering of innocent, wild and untamed animals, to preserve the natural resources and not to dynamite the streams in which fish abounded.

Slowly the public began to take heed, but not quite soon enough, for already a number of species had been all but destroyed. Many of those species of animals and birds that were killed off then, have not been able to recreate themselves even to this day. Jim realized that this was not fair to either wildlife or mankind. “It must stop and it shall stop.”

On January 1, 1927, Jim Curwood was made chairman of the “Game, Fish and Wildlife Committee of the Conservation Department of the State of Michigan,” and later was in charge of the activities of the entire conservation commission. He was held in high regard and esteem by many thousands of people who firmly believed and were convinced that he was doing something fine and worthwhile. Others hated Jim with a vengeance. They believed, as there are so many who do today, that James Oliver Curwood, and the so called conservationists, were meddling into other people’s business. Likewise Jim hated the “game hog” who was attempting to destroy the very thing which God had intended to live and to make the world more beautiful for mankind.

Since James Oliver Curwood was born and raised within the heart of the timber country, and lived most of his life in it, he could respect and love it more readily and naturally than people of large metropolitan cities. As a boy he had gone into the deep forests unescorted many times when it was known to be dangerous. Often he did not even carry a rifle for protection, for even as a small boy he believed in a mutual feeling between animals and men. Jim believed that he could make friends with the animals and make those creatures understand him. He did just that. Many of Jim’s friends who have been fortunate enough to accompany him on one of his trips into the wilds, still describe how they saw him make friends with the most fierce of all North American animals—the Grizzly.

Because of his wanderings and explorations throughout the whole of the Dominion of Canada, Jim developed what he chose to call a “Creed of the Wild!”

“To hunt and fish is the first great law of nature. Everything ‘hunts and fishes,’ from man to the weakest of the creatures and things which he destroys. It is ordained that the ashes of destruction shall give birth to life, and that in killing, if it is within the immutable bounds prescribed by nature, there is rejuvenation; but to adventure beyond those limitations, until killing becomes a lust, is to invite destruction of the balance of those laws of nature which makes existence possible.

“I believe that many generations, if not centuries, will pass before man arrives at a point where he will view all manifestations of life as so nearly akin to his own that he will cease to slaughter for pleasure.”

This alone was Jim Curwood’s “Creed of the Wild,” as well as his creed of life. He loved everything and hated nothing save the “game hogs.”

When Jim Curwood assumed his position on the conservation commission on January 1, 1927, he immediately set to work to make adjustments. For one thing he immediately began clamping down on the capturing of certain species of birds. In some cases he closed the season long before it was to have officially closed, or else set the bag limit very low. Many people objected to this as they did not understand the real purpose behind it.

Jim took several trips around the state, entirely on his own initiative, and issued “official communiques” with great abandon regarding the closing of seasons on certain types of wildlife. The conservation commission felt that he was not justified in these actions and believed that he was causing the commission undue trouble. As a matter of fact one of the members of the original commission had this to say of Jim:

“He took a trip around the state, entirely on his own, issuing official communiques with great abandon, and getting the department into hot water. I recall particularly the decidedly vexing problem of an open season on birds (perhaps deer, but I’m pretty sure it was birds). Curwood said that his survey had shown beyond the shadow of a doubt that the birds were scarce and therefore the season should be closed. I believe he gave newspaper interviews declaring the season closed in certain sections.”

Jim Curwood’s policy of riding roughshod over the statutes and his fellow commissioners, plus the fact that he had his great reputation as an out-of-doors expert to live up to, was becoming very serious and embarrassing, or so certain members of the conservation commission felt, for what he believed in he fought for, regardless of how the rest of the commission felt or thought. So intent was he upon his ideas of conservation that he had to have his way in everything which was undertaken. And as another fellow commissioner once said of Jim:

“If I were to write a chapter on Curwood’s activities as a member of the commission it would be in the section of the book devoted to wild life, sub-classification, ‘stormy petrel.’ I recall that he simply had to have his own way, and so perhaps if one were to look him up in the index it would be in the list of fauna, under lone wolf.”

Despite the fact that some so-called conservation experts felt that Jim Curwood was radical in his ideas, and beliefs concerning conservation movements, he proved conclusively that he was right in most of his ideas at some time or other.

“Jim was almost exclusively interested in protecting wild life from man, shorter or no, seasons; reduced bag limits, banning of spears, etc., were items for which he would fight. He had an academic interest in fire, a sentimental leaning toward the planting of trees, no time for research or land acquisition. Jim was just too starry-eyed for the others to get.” So spoke another fellow member of the original commission on which Curwood served and directed during 1927.

Because of his short term on the conservation commission it was impossible for him to carry out many of his ideas. Had not the mighty hand of the Great Reaper struck, the conservation movements today would be much stronger and more firm than they are. He was the first and in reality the last man to start such a movement which carried over such a widespread field.

During this time with the Department of Conservation of the State of Michigan, Curwood was made a head of the Izaak Walton League. This is the largest organization on the conservation of natural resources in the world today. During a stormy meeting held in Chicago Jim almost resigned. At that meeting Jim drafted a plan whereby thousands and thousands of animals might be spared from the hunters’ guns. He was promptly informed that this plan would not work and could not possibly materialize. He arose and spoke with bated breath as he informed the large gathering that despite what they thought, the plan would and could be used effectively. He further stated that either the plan would be put into operation immediately or else his resignation would be forthcoming.

Many members of the Izaak Walton League could not as yet understand Jim and hesitated to vote. Eventually Jim Curwood had his way and his plan was put into operation. It worked better than even he had anticipated.

Today Jim Curwood stands as a typical example of righteousness in the halls of the State Conservation Department of Michigan. Even though many have felt that his work for the preservation of our natural resources was in vain, his work alone speaks for itself.

“One’s work is the voice that is heard most clearly and is most enduring.” Jim proved his belief that “it is the work that counts” only too well. His experience and intimate knowledge of the outdoors were his guides on all matters.

The first book to appear from Jim’s pen after the completion of Curwood Castle, was the widely read novel, “The Alaskan.” This book had an exceptionally large advance sale.

In the early spring of 1924, two short years after his studio had been constructed, Jim and Ethel returned from another one of his famous expeditions into the North. It was then that Jim released to his publishers his newest work entitled “A Gentleman of Courage,” a book which brought him still more widespread fame and glory. People were growing more and more each day to love this writer of the wilderness. He wrote undeniably about a land that seemed so wonderful and far off, and yet in reality so very close. Prompted by Jim’s writings many people have journeyed into the Dominion of Canada to make their homes.

The following year Jim published the first of his historical novels, “The Ancient Highway,” the locale being around old Quebec and its plains. Many critics praised this new type of work Jim had put out, but as he often remarked:

“A novelist of romance and adventure can never become a successful historian.”

Jim spoke those words, but it doubtless did not occur to him at the time that he was probably the greatest of all romantic historians on the Dominion of Canada. Through his novels of romance and history he painted a picture of the Canadian Northlands not only as they used to be years ago but as they really are today.

James Oliver Curwood was both a novelist and a historian even if he did not believe himself to be a recorder of both ancient and modern history. It was said of “The Ancient Highway” that this story of modern Quebec takes you down the old world highway of romance, while woodland beauty brings nature near in that communion which Curwood lovers find a healing and tonic force. “The Ancient Highway” is truly a fine piece of historical work and deserved the praise which it received.

It was about this time that Lewis Galantiere reported that James Oliver Curwood was by all odds the most popular of American writers among the French people. Where it once had been Jack London and Upton Sinclair it now was Curwood. Edith Wharton had attempted to establish herself as our literary ambassadress to France, but she had failed.

In England, Germany, Denmark, Norway and numerous other countries, Jim Curwood had built for himself a great reputation and his fame among the various peoples of the world was definitely assured.

## CHAPTER TEN
TRAIL’S END

Unlike most authors of Jim Curwood’s day, thousands of people annually came to visit him and to see the fair city of Owosso, they came to meet him from all parts of the country, and to ask him countless, rather foolish questions. Being the well-bred, cultured man that he was, Jim complied by answering each question and replying to each letter written to him, to the very best of his ability.

During the morning hours, no one was allowed to see him or to interrupt his writing schedule in the slightest manner. For he had his daily writing stint of five hundred words to write and it must all be thoroughly checked. Jim never wrote more than five hundred words a day, for he felt that writing beyond that limit would tend to make his work slighty. In the afternoon, however, his duties were more numerous. The first part of the afternoon was devoted to the dictating of letters and to all general business that might be at hand. Then and only then would those people who wished to see him and ask him questions be admitted to his private study.

One of Jim’s greatest enjoyments was in the many letters he received daily from small children; letters that asked about only those things which small children could possibly want to know. He loved every one of those scrawled letters, for it not only showed him that people were reading his books, but that even small children loved his stories of his beloved northland.

Many were the times that great numbers of small children from Owosso would come and visit with the man from God’s Country. On these visits, Jim always saw to it that there was a treat for them on hand. He would take each in turn upon his knee and always managed to tell wonderful stories. Many residents of Owosso of the present time were among that group. They like to recall those days when they had the honor of sitting upon the knee of one of America’s most famous writers. The citizens of Owosso loved him immensely. For his undying love for humanity and his unquenchable love for all nature had indeed made Jim Curwood a patient, kindly and loving personality.

Many of the questions that Jim received in his morning mail ranged from the “ridiculous to the sublime.” “How shall I begin on my writing career?” “How do I construct or build a plot?” “Ought I to go to college for four years?” “How much education is needed to become a successful writer?” These and countless more just like them were Jim’s daily plight. Perhaps the most frequent question found in those letters was: “Will you sell my story for me?”

Many are the times that Jim’s laughter echoed throughout the walls of Curwood Castle as he pored over the amusing letters.

One of the principal reasons Jim Curwood received so many letters was the desire for the author’s signature. But there were those who, Jim realized, were struggling up that long, hard and difficult trail over which he had traveled, and so to these he always sent forth some kind and encouraging words. For the young man who is embarking upon a literary career, Jim’s advice was always this:

“Hard work and steady work for years, with a fixed purpose is most important.” He also said that an author trains himself for his life’s work just as a farmer learns to use the plough or hoe, or in the same manner that a surgeon studies to use his scalpel.

“Most authors are but ordinary men and women who have trained themselves to earn a livelihood with the pen.”

Perhaps the wisest and most important advice that James Oliver Curwood ever gave anyone was the importance of good physical condition at all times.

Jim’s advice to a young writer with plenty of ambition was to get plenty of sleep and always to arise early. By this he meant about four-thirty or five o’clock in the morning. Then to snap through a vigorous limbering-up exercise, followed by two or three glasses of good, cold water. The latter is a truly important factor. What with going to bed early and rising early of a morning along with the many different type exercises, James Oliver Curwood often voiced his opinion that he himself would live to be one hundred years old.

“After a bath, which includes the use of cold water, I have a breakfast which consists of half a bowl of bran with creamy milk. Dinner is at noon. There are many excellent reasons why a heavy meal should not be eaten at night. My dinner is largely composed of vegetables, though not infrequently we have fish or fowl. Meat once a week is quite enough for a man who wants a long life.

“After breakfast I walk vigorously for ten minutes, and as I have eaten lightly I do not thus disturb my digestive tract. I walk rapidly, for slow walking is no exercise at all, and am at my studio by half-past seven, vibrantly alive and eager to get to work for the sheer pleasure of it. My brain is clear and my body healthy because I have started the day right by taking the opportunity which Nature intended all men should have.”

The very first thing which he always did upon arriving at his studio of a morning was to have a fifteen-minute conference with his secretary, during which he gave out his daily instructions and explained just what was most important for her to do during the course of the day. Then into the tower study he went where he immediately disconnected the telephone and locked the door. This was a precaution he used so that he would not be disturbed. Here Jim buried himself until eleven-thirty in the morning. Under no consideration could anybody get in to see him unless it was the most urgent business which could not possibly wait. All morning hours were devoted entirely to his writing and he disliked very much being disturbed during those hours.

Once inside his study, Jim always looked over the previous day’s correspondence, checked it and then carefully filed it away. Upon completing this he would pick up his notes and yesterday’s planning for today’s work and study it carefully for several minutes. Then he would clear his desk of all unnecessary materials and begin the work which did not let up until four-thirty in the afternoon, except for a brief lunch period.

Some days Jim’s work would come easily, clearly and distinctly; but on other days he would feverishly wrack his brain in order to drag forth words one by one.

For the most part, the majority of authors hurriedly write the first draft of their story, check it thoroughly and then carefully write the second draft. Finally the third and final draft is written and then the yarn is ready for the publisher. Such a procedure was against Jim Curwood’s policy, for he did not believe in writing a story too hurriedly, checking it and later revising it. He was a slow, deliberate worker and never averaged more than five hundred words per day, or only two full-sized manuscript pages. He slowly and methodically built every sentence and every paragraph as he went along. He never returned to rebuild that which he had already constructed.

“I build every line and page of my manuscript to the best of my ability, with the result that I am a very slow worker, as compared with many. I average only about five hundred words per day. Often I have spent an entire forenoon on one paragraph of a dozen lines. I stay with a difficult passage until it is done satisfactorily. I never put off until to-morrow what I find hard today, for to-morrow rarely brings the needed skill.”

At noontime Jim would always lay off from his work for a half an hour. This always afforded him ample time to look over his gardens, which consisted mainly of onions and radishes. The raising of onions and radishes was his hobby and one of which he was indeed proud. He always took particular pride in his ability to raise the finest of these vegetables in the surrounding territory.

Promptly at four-thirty of an afternoon, Jim was up and away from the studio, unless he had a story which he felt must be completed, or else some important business matter that must have his personal attention. And when he did leave his studio, he immediately looked for recreation, which as a whole was not very hard to find. He was very fond of a brisk walk, a swim, golf, or a horseback ride. His two favorite sports, however, above all others, were horseback-riding and handball. On many of his trips into the wilds he would take along a few horseshoes and a handball outfit to help keep trim as well as to provide relaxation. Jim played handball with a vengeance and could never quite get enough of it. Regardless of what sport he participated in, he always played hard, industriously and squarely. As it was with his writing, Jim never knew quite when to call a halt to his recreational activities.

As twilight would begin to break forth Jim always liked to sit out on the terrace that he loved so well or else take a long walk or a drive in his auto. Twilight would lengthen into dusk and unless he had something else more important to do he would spend the evening with his wife and children before retiring. But Jim did not retire to rest and to sleep as most men do. Instead he went to bed to think and meditate and ponder over his problems.

On one particular occasion, Ray Long visited Jim at his home in Owosso. The two men sat up late one night in order to develop a plot for the new novel Jim had in mind. It had to be something different from anything previously written, and so for many hours Ray and Jim studied earnestly and tirelessly over the possibilities. The new work Jim had in mind was to be entitled “Nomads of the North.” Mr. Long eventually suggested a situation that appealed to Jim’s vivid imagination and so together the two of them developed their idea for all it was worth. That night both men went to bed elated and highly satisfied over the prospects of the new story. Mr. Long later explained how surprised he was the next morning when Jim appeared at the breakfast table and informed him that the plot would not do. Obviously he had gone to bed the night before and had laid awake for most of the night turning the plot and situation over and over in his mind. Then at last he had come to the conclusion that the animals involved would not be likely to do the things that he had planned for them to do.

The very popular and famous Ray Long, who published numerous James Oliver Curwood stories serially in his magazine, once spoke of Jim:

“James Oliver Curwood is a writing man because he has something to say, and he writes only of those things which he knows best. His novels are set in the far North region of Canada because he not only knows but actually loves that country.”

That Curwood’s God is Nature and that in his books he preaches constantly the beauty and glory of his creed the reading public quite generally knows. He is a writing man because he has something important to talk about.

James Oliver Curwood loved the North as few men have ever loved a country in which they have not been registered citizens. Even long before he was employed by the Canadian government as an exploratory writer on the Northlands, Jim had already grown to love that land, for many trips already lay behind him. He knew many of the Mounties, he had trapped and prospected in the Yukon and in and around Hudson’s Bay; he knew his North as few men ever could know it. But the element which made him so popular was that he loved the country about which he wrote. Ray Long, then editor of Redbook Magazine, knew the author quite well and told many wonderful things about him.

“When Jim Curwood described the coming of spring in the northern mountains, he saw and wrote of beauty which brought a lump to my throat. He wrote melodrama, yes; there was action and vigor and at times brutality in his stories; he was far from being the greatest psychologist who ever wrote: but he was sincere, he loved nature, he made you love nature. And that’s not a bad epitaph for a writer, is it?”

For two full years Curwood was an employee of the Dominion and it was during those years that he gathered much of the material about which he has written. Also, during that time, Jim lived among the Eskimos and the Indians. Few people, if any, realize that the trips before and after his government contract had expired were entirely at his own expense, so sincere was he about that which he wrote. Many were the times that Jim formed his own expeditions and went farther north than most men have ever dared penetrate, save those internationally famous explorers who have reached and discovered the North Pole.

He has actually been up as far as the Arctic sea and has oft times gone out upon it in search of adventure and material for his stories. He has braved every type of danger and adventure practically known to mankind, as far as the North goes, to bring back thrill-packed stories for the world at large to enjoy. A. J. Donovan, of Owosso, who was a school-mate of Jim’s, often said this of him in later life:

“Jim passed on just when he was doing his home town, his state and his country the most good.”

By that Mr. Donovan meant that Jim Curwood’s work in conservation was at last being heeded and that wild life was beginning to be conserved. He also had in mind that Jim was doing his people more good by his inspirational and courageous writings than few men of his time have ever done.

Many, many times Jim had openly declared that he simply could not write in his fine, new home.

“I just cannot write in my own home. Something is missing there that gives me the inspiration that I do so need.”

Jim’s home is one of the most beautiful and stately ones in all of Owosso. But because he was a wilderness man, a true disciple of the wilds, and because of the Indian blood flowing in his veins, he found it difficult to write inside four walls. He found it difficult even to do so inside the walls of Curwood Castle, his own especially-built writing studio. His great-grandmother was a full blooded Mohawk Indian princess, and his famous ancestor, Captain Frederick A. Marrayat, was a great seaman and world renowned novelist. It is therefore easy to see how the adventure blood must have been surging through Jim’s veins.

Jim loved the great open spaces where all was silent and peaceful so much, that when he was away from it for a long period of time, he was quite hard to get along with. That was one of the reasons for building his Castle so he could decorate it to his own satisfaction and still feel the tang of the wilds about him. That was why he built it along the shores of the Shiawassee, “Sparkling Waters.” It had that ancient and wild look about it that gave him inspiration.

Jim lived and died an outdoorsman, believing in “the fundamental rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” for all creatures of the wilderness. And so during his climb to the top rung of the ladder of success he had acquired several thousands of acres of forest land in northern Michigan, just a short way from the little city of Roscommon. There in the very center of “his own wilderness,” Jim Curwood built himself what was almost a baronial castle done in logs. Each log was from a tree which he had selected himself, making sure that his “out-of-the-way retreat” was constructed with the finest the forests had to offer.

Although situated along the banks of the Au Sable River and just a short way from the town of Roscommon, Jim would not consider having a telephone in his cabin. Although within that same distance there were electric light wires, Jim absolutely refused to have them in his wilderness home. He insisted upon keeping his lodge absolutely primitive, and that is exactly what he did.

The place cost him many thousands of dollars, but he would have no modern plumbing of any sort installed. He maintained that it was possible “to be luxuriously primitive—or primitively luxurious,” and in the end it cost him his life.

Here in this “stag hiding place” were some of Jim’s very best friends. Namely, they were the mink, the wildcat, the marten, squirrel and many other creatures of the wilds. It was here at the cabin in upper Michigan and the place in the upper part of Canada that Jim had a most contented peace, and could note wildlife at its very best.

Bruce Otto, the noted timber country guide, made many trips with Jim Curwood and helped him build several of his cabins which are scattered all over the wilds of the Canadian Northlands, ranging from the mountains of British Columbia to the wilds surrounding Hudson’s Bay. Those two men have lived entirely off the land for months at a time, securing whatever food was necessary when the time arrived. It was on journeys as these that Jim secured material for such great novels of the North as “River’s End,” “The Valley of Silent Men,” and “The Flaming Forest.”

“I traveled three thousand miles up and down the mighty Saskatchewan before I wrote ‘The River’s End,’ and if I had not gone down the Athabaska, the Slave and the Mackenzie with the ‘Wild river brigades,’ of God’s Country, I could never have written ‘The Valley of Silent Men.’”

Jim Curwood actually lived with those wonderful characters of his books. He has lived with the strong men and brave women from such books as “God’s Country and the Woman,” “The Honor of the Big Snows,” “Kazan” and many others.

In Jim Curwood’s home are twenty-seven guns of all types and calibers. Each of them has seen much service, and all of them have notches cut into them recording the number of kills made. The entire place, from attic to basement, is filled with pelts and mounted heads. These trophies, denoting the days when he was known as a great hunter, are regarded as martyrs. For, from that day when the “great light appeared,” Jim Curwood ceased being the hunter, the trapper, the destroyer of nature and wild life. For, in what he terms his religion, Jim believed that the wild creatures understood him and believed in him as their friend. This understanding and belief was eventually written into the volume entitled “God’s Country—The Trail to Happiness.” This was James Oliver Curwood’s worldly confession as a “killer.” At the time and for years after, Jim vowed that he was far more happier writing this particular book than any others he had ever penned.

“Nature is my religion; and my desire, my ambition, the great goal I wish to achieve, is to take my readers with me into the heart of this nature. I love it and I feel that they must love it—if only I can get the two acquainted!”

In his article, “James Oliver Curwood and His Far North,” Ray Long gave forth his ideas concerning Jim’s fame:

“My belief in Curwood’s accuracy was based on my knowledge of the man and on my scant knowledge of wild animal life gained on short vacations. To have a man like Thomas Linklader confirm him meant more to me than the confirmation from a dozen Stepanssons, for Thomas really knew his woods. Jim took me one day to the scene of a caribou battle, and from the footprints in the gravel by the shore of a stream reconstructed the entire fight. He could tell me with greater accuracy than any man I ever met in the North, just where we would find any particular kind of fish. He absolutely knew what he was talking about.

“I returned to my desk with still greater faith in Curwood, and from then on published practically everything he wrote. I think I enjoy as much as he possibly can, the announcement that 105,000 copies of his latest novel, ‘The Valley of Silent Men,’ were sold before publication. For Curwood had come into his own. He had won a vast audience among novel readers as he long ago won a great number of magazine readers.”

This in itself shows the faith that millions of people had in Jim Curwood. All who could purchased his books, for they knew that what he wrote was accurate, authentic and realistic. They knew that he had practically lived the stories about which he wrote. That accounts for the great pre-publication sales of over two dozen or so of his novels.

On many occasions Jim was asked just what a writer should write about, and he always came forth with this reply:

“Authors should write only about those people, things and places which they know. This should be self-evident; yet nearly every one of them has almost a fatalistic passion to do otherwise. If you live in a picturesque country village, don’t write about the city. On the other hand, if your life is in the city, don’t try to write of the characters and settings you know little or nothing about. There is no sufficient reason why a Michigan author should write of Arizona. Nor is there any excuse for a young woman who lives in a lovely cove by the sea with a world of rich material about her, to write of what is happening at Newport or Palm Beach. Stick to truth when you write fiction—truth as to details, habits, and settings—even though the story be wholly imaginary. No other books have a chance to live.”

Those few lines explain why Curwood’s works have been “best sellers,” and are still in great use today. He possessed that “certain something” that all writers of fiction pray for—that vivid imagination and forseeable power behind them to keep driving constantly forward. Jim had the courage to fight almost insurmountable odds and consequently he came through. What Jim Curwood started he usually finished. Some advice which came directly from his lips should be well to heed:

“Only those who are quite prepared to labor long and hard for little pay, and without assurance of fame, should undertake to write for a living. A few earn large sums—but only a few. The great majority eke out a bare existence, living in anticipation of the great good fortune that is just around the corner.”

Jim Curwood wrote for ten long years before he was ever able to place and sell a story; at the end of that tenth year, Jim sold his first one for $5.00. $5.00 for ten years of work! He merely overcame those fits of despondency that attacked him through the hundreds and hundreds of rejection slips that came to him. Jim learned to believe what each one said. He kept at his work tirelessly throughout those ten long years.

With the arrival of 1926, the public saw the last of Jim’s historical novels and the last book length work which he ever wrote. This one was entitled “The Black Hunter.” Its sale was widespread.

Following the publication of “The Black Hunter” Curwood devoted himself to shorter forms of fiction and several articles on the preservation of natural resources. During this period Jim came closer to God in his love of nature than ever before. His life thus far was a success. Upon many occasions while relaxing in his studio, he would unconsciously pick up his pen and write his feelings about God and mankind. A few of these memorable writings have been preserved:

“The Great Master has opened to me the book wherein is written the secret of a joyful life—a secret which he never intended to be hidden, but which has been concealed for untold years because men will not read what is spread upon the pages of the wonderful book, or having read, will not believe. Their eyes are hidden so that they do not see the glory of living and their ears do not hear the myriad sounds which blend in life’s immortal melody.”

“I have found the great understanding heart of Nature, and the thrill of its discovery has set the blood coursing faster in my veins. I have learned to understand the voice of Nature, and in doing so have obtained health, developed faith, and partaken of the glory of living. In that voice there is inspiration, and it whispers to me the hope that all shall soon understand.”

Jim lived a life wherein he had found the true joy of living and consequently his habits were of the best type. Believing strongly that there is good in every man and woman, he wrote and created his characters in much the same manner:

“The world is filled with strong and good men, and with women who are beautiful and virtuous, people who are the equals or superiors of those who live in the pages of my books. It is about such folks that I choose to write.

“I thank God that in only one of my books, and that an early one, have I approached what would have evidently pleased that critic. Why should I not write of wholesome men and women, of clean actions, of just and upright conduct? Why should I not recount tales of people who cherished ideals? Why should I refrain from telling of the things to which we all aspire?

“I see no good reason why I should take a woman of the streets and glorify her, though once, when I was a boy, one of them gave me a glimpse of as unselfish a devotion to the finer things in life as I have ever known in any woman. There are too many good women whom I may glorify and clothe with ideals. Why should I make my women ugly in character or in appearance when we all love beauty? We always choose the most beautiful flowers of the entire garden for the bed chambers of our guests.

“Why shouldn’t I punish the bad people in my books and make a record that happiness came eventually to those who deserved it? Some critics may say, ‘people are not like that and things don’t come out that way,’ but my experience has been to the contrary. Happiness does come to those who deserve it. Eventually their ears do catch the immortal melody of life, as Melisse heard the music of her people; and they often learn to appreciate it long before they pass on to another existence.”

Although from the beautiful Au Sable River less than one hundred yards away Jim could have had water delivered into the cabin by the very simple process of having an electric pump, only a handpump in the kitchen was permitted to be installed.

The isolated place of beauty cost him thousands and thousands of dollars, but he would not have in it any modern plumbing.

Due to the absence of a few modern conveniences Jim was bitten by a poisonous spider, and even though he had often boasted that he intended to live to be at least one hundred years old, and had so arranged his life that under ordinary conditions he might have lived to be that age, a spider upset his life’s plans.

Shortly after the insect had bitten him Jim left for his home in Owosso seeking medical attention. This was on August 8, 1927. The physicians were strangely puzzled by the malady which plagued Owosso’s favorite son. He was seriously ill with an unusual and seemingly unknown disease. The newspapers throughout the country carried stories of Jim’s condition and almost immediately specialists from everywhere rushed to his aid, if aid were possible. All the efforts of the doctors and specialists who rushed to the bedside of James Oliver Curwood in those early days of August, 1927, were futile. He was given a blood transfusion by his daughter, Mrs. Carlotta Jirus, of Detroit, but this, too, was of no avail ... on August 13, with his wife, Ethel, his son, James, his two daughters, Carlotta and Viola, his brother, Ed, and his two sisters, Amy and Cora, at his bedside, James Oliver Curwood, writer, conservationist, exponent and lover of Nature, passed away.

The Detroit Free Press ran this story on August 14, 1927.

CURWOOD’S FUNERAL SET FOR TOMORROW
AFTERNOON
Author to be buried in Owosso beside
graves of father and mother.

Owosso, Mich., Aug. 14—A.P.—Funeral services for James Oliver Curwood, author and noted conservationist, who died late last night after a week’s illness of a general infection, will be conducted at the residence at 2:30 o’clock by the Rev. J. Twyson Jones, of the First Congregational Church.

Interment will be in Oakhill Cemetery where his father and mother are buried. Pallbearers had not been selected today, but in compliance with the author’s wish, will be Owosso residents.

BLOOD GIVING FAILS

Death came to the writer of stories of the Northlands at his home, “Curwood Castle,” here, after a desperate battle against the infection that steadily sapped his strength. In an effort to stay the ravages of the infection, a daughter, Mrs. Antonio P. Jirus, of Detroit, gave of her blood in a transfusion operation.

After rallying somewhat, the author weakened again rapidly and his physicians announced that his death was a matter of hours only.

Curwood was born in Owosso on June 12, 1878, the son of James Moran and Abigail (Griffen) Curwood, and spent his boyhood near Vermillion, Ohio, his family later returning to Owosso. He attended the University of Michigan. He spent the greater part of his life at his birthplace.

FIRST NOVEL IN 1908

“The Courage of Captain Plum,” his first novel, was written in 1908, after he had spent seven years in newspaper work.

From then on the books flowed from his pen. There followed “The Wolf Hunters,” 1908; “The Great Lakes,” and “The Gold Hunters,” in 1909; “The Danger Trail,” in 1910; “The Honor of the Big Snows,” and “Philip Steele of the Royal Mounted,” written in 1911.

Others of his novels included “Kazan,” 1914; “Nomads of the North,” 1919; “The Valley of Silent Men,” 1920; and “The Flaming Forest,” in 1921, and his latest “The Black Hunter.” Writing was in Curwood’s blood. On his father’s side, he was descended from Captain Marrayat, the novelist.

A zealous crusader for conservation of natural resources, Curwood was considered an authority on the Canadian northland, and was the only American ever employed by the Canadian government as an exploratory and descriptive writer.

His championship of conservation in the fullest sense often brought him into conflict, and in several meetings, national and state, he stirred a storm of controversy.

In 1926 he abruptly resigned as a director of the Izaak Walton League in a stormy meeting in Chicago. At a meeting held in Owosso, he opposed policies of John Baird, then Michigan director of conservation, so heatedly that the state conservationists formed factions to which they held strongly for several years.

With the conclusion of the term of office of Baird, and the election of Governor Fred W. Green, Curwood was appointed to the new conservation commission. Frequently at meetings he protested against what he termed the lethargy of the other members.

Besides his keen interest in conservation, Curwood was deeply interested in civic enterprises in his home city, contributing liberally to such undertakings.

Two daughters are children of Curwood’s first marriage. A son, James Oliver Curwood II, and his second wife, who was Miss Ethel Greenwood, Owosso teacher, also survive.

On that fateful thirteenth day of August, 1927, the news was flashed to the entire world that one of the greatest of all outdoor fiction writers was dead. James Oliver Curwood, beloved teller of tales of the beautiful Canadian Northwest, had passed away. It was an unexpected blow which the entire world mourned and bitterly regretted. For, in losing Jim Curwood, no longer could the great tradition of the mighty northlands be upheld.

Even the Crees, the Chippawayans and the Shiwashes Indian tribes of the far reaches of the north mourned the loss of the “great white father,” who to them was “Jeems.”

The old sourdoughs along the wilderness trails also felt the loss of Jim’s cheerful presence. The old men of the north whom Jim had invited down to his Castle on many occasions from the distant reaches felt the hurt of losing Jim Curwood probably more than anyone else, save that of his own immediate family.

The following epitaph appeared along with James Oliver Curwood’s last article, his last work. It was entitled “Thou Shalt Not Kill,” and was written and completed but a few days before he was stricken. The foreword to this article was written by the editor of American Magazine in the December, 1927, issue, exactly four months after Jim’s passing. Of all the articles he had ever written, this last one, his last and final plea for wild life, affected the public most of all. It was truly his last stand, and a glorious ending it was:

“James Oliver Curwood is dead. One of the most popular fiction writers of his generation, one of the most ardent and courageous lovers of outdoor life, he leaves millions of devoted admirers to mourn him.

“Only a month before his death, Mr. Curwood sent me this telegram:

‘Am working on an article for you which I have wanted to write for five years, and I think it is the best thing I have ever done. Shall have copy ready to mail you within week. Good wishes.’

“But it was nearly a fortnight before the article reached us, for the author was already in the primary stages of his fatal malady.

“Almost at the beginning of this, his last article, Mr. Curwood wrote:

‘When I am ready to enter this most glorious of adventures, the mystery and privilege of death, I shall need no greater comforts in the first abysmal moments of its presence than these things—the grass, the flowers, the beautiful dove on her nest, the voice of the birds, the rippling song of water, the inspiration and courage of the trees.’

“Before that message could be put into type the hand that had written it lay in eternal rest.

“These pages hold Mr. Curwood’s final plea for the preservation of our wildlife, a movement in which he was a veritable crusader. He hated game hogs, with an undying hatred, because he loved nature with an undying love. Here you will find, simply and sincerely expressed, his creed of the wild.

The Editor”

Two days after his death, on the fifteenth of August, James Oliver Curwood was laid to rest in the quiet, peaceful little cemetery of Oak Hill, in Owosso.

The Detroit Free Press recorded the ceremony:—
CURWOOD RITES HELD IN OWOSSO
Simplicity marks services for noted
author; business at standstill.
SPECIAL TO FREE PRESS

Owosso, Mich., Aug. 16—With Governor Fred W. Green, the state conservation director and several members of the conservation commission acting as honorary pallbearers, James Oliver Curwood, author and conservationist, was laid to rest here this afternoon following funeral services at his home.

Burial took place in Oak Hill Cemetery, beside the graves of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. James Moran Curwood.

The rites were marked by simplicity.

The home of the author was filled with intimate friends while hundreds stood about the spacious grounds and streets adjacent to the residence. State Police led the funeral cortege. Members of the Shiawassee Conservation Association, of which Mr. Curwood was a director, attended in a body, as did members of Owosso Lodge No. 81, F. & A. M., which the author had recently joined.

Dr. J. Twyson Jones, pastor of the First Congregational Church, and an intimate friend of the author, in the funeral sermon, eulogized Curwood as “a man who has written his own eulogy on the imperishable scroll of undying fame.”

The pastor said Curwood’s three hobbies were writing, conservation and social betterment, declaring that “the passive and selfish politician” did not command Curwood’s respect. Dr. Jones also paid the writer tribute for the many things he had done for Owosso, the town of his birth.

Following the services, the massive copper casket was carried to the waiting hearse through a line formed by the Masons.

The cortege moved through the streets lined with sorrowing fellow townsmen of the author, to the cemetery where, after a brief service, the body of Owosso’s most distinguished son was interred.

Business activities throughout the city were suspended during the services.

## Transcriber’s Note

Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been preserved.

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